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Solar surface magnetoconvection simulations: A brief review of solar dermatology

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2009年第11期52卷 1665-1669页

作者： CAMERON robert Max-Planck-Institute fr Sonnensystemforschung Katlenburg-Lindau

Rapid improvement in the speed of computers has enabled realistic simulations of magnetoconvective processes in the surface layers of the Sun. The simulations now cover a wide range of features found in observations. In many cases a direct comparison with the observations is justified, and in all cases our understanding and interpretation of the observations is being improved. Current and future opportunities and difficulties will be discussed.

关键词： Sun photosphere magnetohydrodynamics

Demand response:a strategy to address residential air-conditioning peak load in Australia

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2013年第3期1卷 223-230页

作者： robert SMITH Ke MENG Zhaoyang DONG robert SIMPSON Ausgrid SydneyNSW 2000Australia enter for Intelligent Electricity Networks(CIEN) The University of NewcastleNewcastleNSWAustralia

Rapid growth in electricity network peak demand is increasing pressure for new investment which may be used for only a few hours a *** airconditioning is widely believed to be the prime cause of the rise in peak demand but,in the absence of detailed residential demand research,there is no bottom-up empirical evidence to support this supposition or to estimate its *** paper first examines the developments in network peak demand,at a national,network distribution,and local distribution feeder level to show recent trends in peak ***,this paper applies analytics to the half-hourly consumption data of a sample of Ausgrid’s interval metered customers,combined with local weather data,to develop an algorithm which can recognize air-conditioner use and can identify consumption patterns and peak *** estimate is then compared to system peaks to determine residential airconditioning’s impact on overall ***,this paper considers the future impacts of air-conditioning load on peak demand as penetration rates reaches saturation levels and new minimum energy performance standards take effect reducing new units peak impacts.

关键词： Air conditioner Demand response Peak load

How TP53 (almost) became an oncogene

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Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 2019年第7期11卷 531-533页

作者： robert A.Weinberg Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research Ludwig/MIT Center for Molecular OncologyMIT Department of BiologyCambridgeMA 02142USA

Like the histories of many other genes,the discovery and characterization of p53 are associated with some false leads,dead ends,and major *** chronicle of p53,s early years is no *** is now well known,the protein was ... 详细信息

关键词： histories characterization Old

A mechanistic study of CO removal on a small H-saturated platinum cluster

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Science China Chemistry 2008年第12期51卷 1187-1196页

作者： FORREY robert C Department of Physics Pennsylvania State University Berks Campus Reading PA 19610 USA

CO poisoning to platinum catalysts has long been recognized as one of the major technical obstacles in heterogeneous catalysis and its successful removal represents a significant challenge to a wide variety of applications. Using density functional theory (DFT), we performed systematic theoretical calcula-tions to explore the CO removal mechanisms, in the presence of hydrogen, via oxidation by oxygen to form CO2 or reduction by hydrogen to form formaldehyde using a subnano Pt cluster as a model for catalyst nanoparticles. We show that CO oxidation is both thermochemically and kinetically difficult at low H coverage but becomes very exothermic with a moderate activation barrier at high H coverage, suggesting that the oxidation can be carried out readily at elevated temperatures. Doping the Pt cluster with Ru can significantly improve the oxidation thermochemical energy and moderately reduce the activation barrier. The results are consistent with experimental observations. We found that CO reduction by hydrogen to form formaldehyde is moderately endothermic. However, the reaction is predicted to be kinetically difficult due to the relatively high activation barriers associated with the sequential H attacks to the CO molecule.

关键词： cluster Pt-Au alloy full H-saturation CO oxidation CO hydrogenation density functional theory

Evolving carbon dioxide emission rate intensities of coal-fired power plant on U.S. electricity operating systems

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2018年第6期6卷 1103-1112页

作者： robert Kennedy SMITH U.S. Department of Energy Office of Fossil Energy

For many years, coal-fired power plant generation comprised the largest share of electricity in the *** sector. While natural gas plants now constitute a greater portion of the total, coal is projected to remain a shrinking but significant component of U.S. electricity production. Natural gas-fired technologies are dispatchable and versatile generation sources, but the recent and anticipated growth of wind and solar technologies will add nondispatchable, intermittent power generation sources to *** grids. Numerous emissions-related benefits arise from the deployment of these technologies, but they must coexist with coal plants, many of which run most efficiently under baseload operating procedures. Historical monthly emissions data has been analyzed on a sample of coal plants to show how modified coal operations have affected plant emission rates, as measured by carbon dioxide emitted per unit of electricity output. Statistically significant correlations between plant capacity factors and emission rate intensity have been observed by the majority of the sample, showing a worsening under more sporadic operations. Since nearly all of the coal plants in the sample are generating less electricity, determining the emission impact of operational decisions will assist policymakers as they seek to minimize total system emissions without severe disruptions to electricity cost and service reliability.

关键词： Coal Emission intensity Renewable generation Baseload power generation

Nanocrystalline and Nanocomposite Magnetic Materials and Their Applications

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2007年第4期14卷 69-74页

作者： robert D Shull Magnetic Materials Group National Institute of Standards and TechnologyGaithersburg MD 20899MarylandUSA

Nanocrystalline materials can possess bulk properties quite different from those commonly associated with conventional large-grained materials. Nanocomposites, a subset of nanocrystalline materials, in addition have been found to possess magnetic properties which are similar to, but different from, the properties of the individual constituents. New magnetic phenomena, unusual property combinations, and both enhanced and diminished magnetic property values are just some of the changes observed in magnetic nanocomposites from conventional magnetic materials. Here, a description will be presented of some of the exciting new properties discovered in nanomaterials and the magnetic applications envisioned for them.

关键词： nanocomposite ferromagnet magnetoresistance magnetic refrigeration domain imaging

Controversies in and challenges to our understanding of hepatitis C

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第31期13卷 4168-4176页

作者： robert G Batey Area Director Drug and Alcohol Clinical Services Hunter New England Area Health Services. Newcastle New South Wales Australia

Discovered in 1989, the hepatitis C virus (HCV) continues to cause signifi cant morbidity and mortality world-wide despite a huge research commitment to defining and understanding the virus and the disease it causes. This paper discusses a number of areas where progress in the management of the HCV have not kept pace with the scientifi c understanding of the HCV. It is suggested that in the fi elds of HCV prevention and providing access to treatment, practice falls short of what could be achieved. The role of alcohol in the pathogenesis of HCV liver injury is discussed. Discrimination against those with HCV infection and particularly those in prison settings fails to match good clinical practice. The complicated processes of sharing information between specialty groups is also discussed in an attempt to optimise knowledge dissemination in this field.

关键词： Hepatitis C Alcohol Injecting drug use Prisons Genetic variation Cirrhosis Liver cell cancer

Anosov and expanding attractors

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Science China Mathematics 2020年第9期63卷 1929-1934页

作者： robert F.Williams Department of Mathematics University of Texas at AustinAustinTX 78705USA Institute for Advanced Study PrincetonNJ 08540USA

An earlier conjecture is settled with an immersion of a 2-dimensional branched *** obstructions in linear algebra and tiling theory are studied rst.

关键词： Anosov expanding attractor Cantor set ber bundle

Heat stress in pigs and broilers:role of gut dysbiosis in the impairment of the gut-liver axis and restoration of these effects by probiotics,prebiotics and synbiotics

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2023年第2期14卷 465-480页

作者： robert Ringseis Klaus Eder Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology Justus-Liebig-University GiessenHeinrich‑Buff‑Ring 26‑3235392 GiessenGermany

Heat stress is one of the most challenging stressors for animal production due to high economic losses resulting from impaired animal’s productivity,health and *** the fact that all farm animal species are susceptible to heat stress,birds and pigs are particularly sensitive to heat stress due to either lacking or non-functional sweat ***-vincing evidence in the literature exists that gut dysbiosis,a term used to describe a perturbation of commensal gut microbiota,develops in broilers and pigs under heat *** to the protective role of commensal bacteria for the gut barrier,gut dysbiosis causes a disruption of the gut barrier leading to endotoxemia,which contributes to the typical characteristics of heat stressed broilers and growing and growing-finishing pigs,such as reduced feed intake,decreased growth and reduced lean carcass weight.A substantial number of studies have shown that feeding of probiotics,prebiotics and synbiotics is an efficacious strategy to protect broilers from heat stress-induced gut barrier disruption through altering the gut microbiota and promoting all decisive structural,biochemical,and immunologi-cal elements of the intestinal *** most of the available studies in heat stressed broilers,the alterations of gut microbiota and improvements of gut barrier function induced by feeding of either probiotics,prebiotics or synbiot-ics were accompanied by an improved productivity,health and/or welfare when compared to non-supplemented broilers exposed to heat *** findings indicate that the restoration of gut homeostasis and function is a key target for dietary interventions aiming to provide at least partial protection of broilers from the detrimental impact of heat stress *** the fact that the number of studies dealing with the same feeding strategy in heat stressed pigs is limited,the available few studies suggest that feeding of probiotics might also be a suitable approach to enhance productivi

关键词： Broilers Commensal bacteria Gut dysbiosis Heat stress Pigs Prebiotics Probiotics Synbiotics