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An inexpensive underwater mine countermeasures simulator with real-time 3D after action review

Defence Technology（防务技术） 2016年第5期12卷 367-379页

作者： robert STONE Timothy SNELL Neil COOKE human Interface Technologies Team University of Birmingham UK University of Birmingham UK

This paper presents the results of a concept capability demonstration pilot study, the aim of which was to investigate how inexpensive gaming software and hardware technologies could be exploited in the development and evaluation of a simulator prototype for training Royal Navy mine clearance divers, specifically focusing on the detection and accurate reporting of the location and condition of underwater ordnance. The simulator was constructed using the Blender open source 3D modelling toolkit and game engine, and featured not only an interactive 3D editor for underwater scenario generation by instructors, but also a real-time, 3D After Action Review(AAR) system for formative assessment and *** simulated scenarios and AAR architecture were based on early human factors observations and briefings conducted at the UK's Defence Diving School(DDS), an organisation that provides basic military diving training for all Royal Navy and Army(Royal Engineers) divers. An experimental pilot study was undertaken to determine whether or not basic navigational and mine detection components of diver performance could be improved as a result of exposing participants to the AAR system, delivered between simulated diving scenarios. The results suggest that the provision of AAR was accompanied by significant performance improvements in the positive identification of simulated underwater ordnance(in contrast to non-ordnance objects) and on participants' description of their location, their immediate in-water or seabed context and their structural condition. Only marginal improvements were found with participants' navigational performance in terms of their deviation accuracies from a pre-programmed expert search path. Overall, this project contributes to the growing corpus of evidence supporting the development of simulators that demonstrate the value of exploiting open source gaming software and the significance of adopting established games design techniques in delivering highly

关键词： Simulation Virtual reality Diver training Ordnance disposal Mine clearance

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Establishment,functional and genetic characterization of a colon derived large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma cell line

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第33期24卷 3749-3759页

作者： Michael Gock Christina S Mullins Christine harnack Friedrich Prall robert Ramer Anja Goder Oliver h Kramer Ernst Klar Michael Linnebacher Department of General Surgery University of RostockRostock 18055Germany Department of General Surgery Section of Molecular Oncology and ImmunotherapyUniversity of RostockRostock 18055Germany Institute of Pathology University of RostockRostock 18055Germany Institute of Pharmacology University of RostockRostock 18055Germany Institute of Toxicology University Medical Center MainzMainz 55131Germany

AIM To establish cell line and patient-derived xenograft(PDX) models for neuroendocrine carcinomas(NEC) which is highly desirable for gaining insight into tumor development as well as preclinical research includingbiomarker testing and drug response *** Cell line establishment was conducted from direct in vitro culturing of colonic NEC tissue(hROC57). A PDX could also successfully be established from vitally frozen tumor samples. Morphological features, invasive and migratory behavior of the hROC57 cells as well as expression of neuroendocrine markers were vastly analyzed. Phenotypic analysis was done by microscopy and multicolor flow cytometry. The extensive molecular-pathological profiling included mutation analysis, assessment of chromosomal and microsatellite instability; and in addition, fingerprinting(i.e., STR analysis) was performed from the cell line in direct comparison to primary patient-derived tissues and the PDX model established. Drug responsiveness was examined for a panel of chemotherapeutics in clinical use for the treatment of solid *** The established cell line hROC57 showed distinct morphological and molecular features of a poorly differentiated large-cell NEC with KI-67 > 50%. Molecular-pathological analysis revealed a Cp G island promoter methylation positive cell line with microsatellite instability being absent. The following mutation profile was observed: KRAS(wt), BRAF(mut). A high sensitivity to etoposide, cisplatin and 5-FU could be demonstrated while it was more resistant towards rapamycin. CONCLUSION We successfully established and characterized a novel patient-derived NEC cell line in parallel to a PDX model as a useful tool for further analysis of the biological characteristics and for development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic options for NEC.

关键词： Patient-derived tumor model Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma Individualized medicine

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Macroinvertebrate　assemblages　of　surface　mine　wetlands　of　Southwest　Virginia，USA

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 1996年第1期8卷 1-14页

作者： David h.Jones robert B. Atkinson John Cairns,Jr.(Department of Biology,Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg,Virginia 24061 USA) Dept Biol Virginia Poly Inst Blacksburg VA 24061 United States

The focus of this study was to investigate the macroinvertebrate community in surface mine wetlands. Nine wetlands were sampled for macroinvertebrates from July 1993 through May *** sites represented a range of physical,chemical, and biological parameters. Macroinvertebrates were found in all sites;a total of 14 orders, 40 families,and 70 genera were identified in the samples. Insects were the most common invertebrates,and most functional feeding groups were represented. Predators dominated with 63% of the taxa, followed by the collector/gathers with 20%,shredders 14%, and scrapers 3%. Sites differed in the number of taxa inhabiting *** ranged from 10 genera to *** lowest richness was found in two seasonal wetlands that were dry for the majority of the year. A permanently flooded site with no water quality problems and a dense growth of aquatic plants had the highest richness.

关键词： macroinvertebrate assemblages surface mine wetlands wetland faunas.

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Traumatic brain injury and sight loss in military and veteran populations–a review

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Military Medical Research 2022年第1期9卷 71-85页

作者： Syeda F.hussain Zara Raza Andrew T.G.Cash Thomas Zampieri robert A.Mazzoli Randy h.Kardon Renata S.M.Gomes Research&Innovation Blind Veterans UK12-14 Harcourt StreetLondon W1H 4HDUK. Bravo Victor Research12-14 Harcourt StreetLondon W1H 4HDUK Blinded Veterans Association 1101 King StreetSuite 300AlexandriaVirginia 22314USA Department of Ophthalmology Madigan Army Medical Center9040 Jackson AvenueTacomaWashington 98431USA lowa City VA health Care System and Iowa City VA Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss Iowa CityIowa 52246USA department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences The University of IowaIowa CityIowa 52242USA Northern hub for Veterans and Military Families Research Department of NursingMidwifery and HealthFaculty of Health and Life SciencesNorthumbria UniversityNewcastle NE77XAUK.

War and combat exposure pose great risks to the vision *** recently,vision related deficiencies and impairments have become common with the increased use of powerful explosive devices and the subsequent rise in incidence of traumatic brain injury(TBI).Studies have looked at the effects of injury severity,aetiology of injury and the stage at which visual problems become *** was little discrepancy found between the frequencies or types of visual dysfunctions across blast and non-blast related groups,however complete sight loss appeared to occur only in those who had a blast-related ***,the more severe the injury,the greater the likelihood of specific visual disturbances occurring,and a study found total sight loss to only occur in cases with greater *** of mild TBI(mTBI)is *** able to identify a potential TBI via visual symptoms may offer a new avenue for diagnosis.

关键词： Traumatic brain injury Visual impairment Military Veteran

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Coactivation Does Not Contribute to Fatigue-Induced Decreases in Isokinetic Forearm Flexion and Extension Torque

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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2023年第4期5卷 314-321页

作者： Tyler J.Neltner John Paul V.Anders robert W.Smith Jocelyn E.Arnett Joshua L.Keller Terry J.housh Richard J.schmidt Glen O.Johnson Department of Nutrition and health Sciences University of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNE 68510USA Integrative Laboratory of Exercise and Applied Physiology(iLEAP) Department of HealthKinesiology and SportUniversity of South AlabamaMobileAL 36688USA

Purpose The present study examined the effects of a reciprocal,slow velocity forearm flexion and extension task on fatigue-induced changes in isokinetic torque,agonist and antagonist muscle activation,and coactivation ratios at slow and moderate *** Nine women(mean±SD:age=21.0±1.7 years;body mass=68.1±8.2 kg;height=167.4±7.2 cm)completed pre-testing for forearm flexion and extension isokinetic peak torque at 60 and 180°/s,a fatiguing task of 50 maximal,recip-rocal,isokinetic muscle actions at 60°/s,and *** amplitude(AMP)of the electromyographic(EMG)signals from the biceps and triceps were simultaneously *** and EMG AMP were normalized to the corresponding values from the pre-testing peak torque *** measures ANOVAs and pairwise comparisons were used to identify mean changes in torque,EMG AMP,and coactivation *** The torque analyses indicated significant decreases from pre-to post-testing for forearm flexion(14.1%±5.0%;Phere was a significant decrease,collapsed across the forearm movements(24.7%±11.7%;Phere were no changes(P>0.05)from pre-to post-testing for either velocity or *** The torque responses were velocity-specific,with greater fatigability exhibited for forearm extension versus flexion at 60°/s,but no differences at 180°/*** parallel EMG AMP responses between the agonist and antagonist muscles for both velocities supported the lack of fatigue-induced changes in coactivation ***,our results demonstrated that fatigue-induced decreases in torque were not attributable to increases in antagonist activation or coactivation.

关键词： Coactivation Isokinetic Fatigue Forearm flexion Extension

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hypertension in children with obesity

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World Journal of hypertension 2014年第2期4卷 15-24页

作者： Sujana S Gunta robert h Mak Division of Pediatric Nephrology Rady Children’s Hospital University of California

The prevalence of obesity related hypertension has dramatically increased in children with the parallel increase in pediatric *** pediatric health problem may adversely affect cardiovascular health in adult *** pathogenesis of hypertension in obese children is not widely *** therefore undertake this review to raise public *** childhood parameters like birth weight and postnatal weight gain may play important roles in risk for obesity and obesity related hypertension later in childhood and adult *** information is required to confirm this origin of hypertension so that appropriate measures are taken in the peri-natal *** role of sympathetic nervous system has now been well established as one of the principle mechanisms involved in obesity related *** Renin-Angiotensin system,insulin resistance due to obesity and as a part of metabolic syndrome along with imbalance in adipokines such as leptin and adiponectin,cause activation of the sympathetic system,vasoconstriction,endothelial dysfunction and sodium reabsorption among other ***-step interventions targeting these various mech-anisms are required to break the cycle of obesity and metabolic *** D deficiency,sleep apnea due to airway obstruction and hyperuricemia may also play a significant role and should not be ignored in its early *** is a risk factor for other comorbid conditions like chronic kidney disease and fatty liver which further accentuate the risk of *** awareness is required to prevent,diagnose and treat obesity related hypertension among the pediatric population.

关键词： hypertension Obesity Children Birth weight Sympathetic nervous system hormone Kidney Sodium Vitamin D Uric acid

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Performance evaluation of near real-time condition monitoring in haul trucks

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2020年第6期30卷 909-915页

作者： hemanth Reddy Alla robert hall Derek B.Apel University of Alberta Edmonton T6G 2H5Canada

Strategic maintenance plays a key role in ensuring high availability and utilization of the haul trucks,and as equipment began to grow more complex towards the end of the 20th century,there was a need for a proactive maintenance strategy,which led to the development of condition-based *** condition monitoring(RTCM)is the ability to perform condition monitoring in real-time and has the ability to alert maintenance and operations of abnormal *** alarms can be used as an indication leading to a problem,and if a suitable corrective action is initiated in time,it could result in significant savings of equipment downtime and repair *** study aims to compare some maintenance performance indicators prior to and after implementation of RTCM strategy at a mine site using some tests of statistical *** study also indicated the presence of seasonality in the data,and thus the data was deseasonalized and detrended prior to being subjected to the statistical ***,the results indicated that RTCM strategy has proven to be successful in improving the availability for some of the failure categories chosen in this study.

关键词： haul trucks Real-time condition monitoring Performance indicators

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Genetic assessment of inbred chicken lines indicates genomic signatures of resistance to Marek's disease

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2018年第4期9卷 803-812页

作者： Lingyang Xu Yanghua he Yi Ding George E.Liu huanmin Zhang hans h.Cheng robert L.Taylor Jr. Jiuzhou Song Department of Animal & Avian Sciences University of Maryland Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Services Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Bovine Breeding Institute of Animal Science Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences United States Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Service (ARS) Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory Animal and Nutritional Sciences Davis College of Agriculture West Virginia University

Background: Marek’s disease(MD) is a highly contagious pathogenic and oncogenic disease primarily affecting chickens. however, the mechanisms of genetic resistance for MD are complex and not fully understood. MD-resistant line 63and MD-susceptible line 72are two highly inbred progenitor lines of White Leghorn. Recombinant Congenic Strains(RCS) were developed from these two lines, which show varied susceptibility to ***: We investigated genetic structure and genomic signatures across the genome, including the line 63and line72, six RCSs, and two reciprocally crossed flocks between the lines 63and 72(F1 63× 72and F1 72× 63) using Affymetrix~? Axiom~? hD 600 K genotyping array. We observed 18 chickens from RCS lines were specifically clustered into resistance sub-groups distributed around line 63. Additionally, homozygosity analysis was employed to explore potential genetic components related to MD resistance, while runs of homozygosity(ROh) are regions of the genome where the identical haplotypes are inherited from each parent. We found several genes including SIK, SOX1, LIG4, SIK1 and TNFSF13B were contained in ROh region identified in resistant group(line 63and RCS), and these genes have been reported that are contribute to immunology and survival. Based on FSTbased population differential analysis, we also identified important genes related to cell death and anti-apoptosis, including AKT1, API5, CDh13, CFDP and USP15,which could be involved in divergent selection during inbreeding ***: Our findings offer valuable insights for understanding the genetic mechanism of resistance to MD and the identified genes could be considered as candidate biomarkers in further evaluation.

关键词： Genetic structure Genomic signature homozygosity Marek's disease Recombinant Congenic Strains(RCS)

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Finite Element Convergence for State-Based Peridynamic Fracture Models

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2020年第1期2卷 93-128页

作者： Prashant K.Jha robert Lipton Department of Mathematics Louisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLAUSA

We establish the a priori convergence rate for finite element approximations of a class of nonlocal nonlinear fracture *** consider state-based peridynamic models where the force at a material point is due to both the strain between two points and the change in volume inside the domain of the nonlocal *** pairwise interactions between points are mediated by a bond potential of multi-well type while multi-point interactions are associated with the volume change mediated by a hydrostatic strain *** hydrostatic potential can either be a quadratic function,delivering a linear force–strain relation,or a multi-well type that can be associated with the material degradation and *** first show the well-posedness of the peridynamic formulation and that peridynamic evolutions exist in the Sobolev space *** show that the finite element approximations converge to the h2 solutions uniformly as measured in the mean square *** linear continuous fi nite elements,the convergence rate is shown to be Ct Δt+Csh2/ε2,where𝜖is the size of the horizon,his the mesh size,and Δt is the size of the time *** constants Ct and Cs are independent of Δt and h and may depend on ε through the norm of the exact *** demonstrate the stability of the semi-discrete *** stability of the fully discrete approximation is shown for the linearized peridynamic *** present numerical simulations with the dynamic crack propagation that support the theoretical convergence rate.

关键词： Nonlocal fracture models Peridynamic State-based peridynamic Numerical analysis Finite element approximation

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Surgical perspectives in peptic ulcer disease and gastritis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第20期12卷 3248-3252页

作者： Tamar Lipof David Shapiro robert A Kozol Department of Surgery University of Connecticut School of Medicine 263 Farmington AvenueMC 3955 FarmingtonCT 06030-3955United States

For much of the twentieth century, surgery was frequently the solution for peptic ulcer disease. Our understanding of the pathophysiology of ulcers paralleled the development of potent pharmaceutical therapy. As the surgical world developed parietal cell vagotomy which would minimize the complications of surgery, patients failing medical therapy became rare. Emergent surgery for complicated peptic ulcers has not declined however. The development of proton pump inhibitors and the full understanding of the impact of h pylori has led to a trend towards minimalism in surgical therapy for complicated peptic ulcer disease. In addition to the changes in patient care, these developments have had an impact on the training of surgeons. This article outlines these trends and developments.

关键词： Perspectives Peptic ulcer disease Gastritis

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