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State Scholarship and Loan Forg.veness Prog.ams in the United States: Forg.tten Driver of Access to Health Care in Underserved Areas

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Health 2014年第15期6卷 1994-2003页

作者： Karen W. g.letko robert g. brooks Andrew Hunt Leslie M. Beitsch Florida State University Colleg. of Medicine Tallahassee USA Nova Southeastern University Colleg. of Osteopathic Medicine Fort Lauderdale USA University of South Florida Colleg. of Medicine Tampa USA

State-supported prog.ams providing.loans and scholarships in exchang. for service in under-served areas provide an important source of financial support for medical students while encourag.ng.them to select careers in primary care. The purpose of this research was to seek a better understanding.of these often unheralded but important state sources of support, and learn if they have continued to g.ow in the twenty-first century. Administrative data were obtained on state-supported prog.ams operating.in 2008 that provided financial support to students, resident or practicing.physicians, physician assistants, nurse practitioners, certified nurse midwives, dentists, and licensed mental healthcare providers in exchang. for service in an underserved area. The authors identified numbers, types of state-supported prog.ams, prog.am workforce streng.h, and features of state prog.ams. In 2008, 75 state prog.ams, operating.in 37 states, collectively had 5113 prog.am participants under contract. Loan repayment prog.ams (n = 42, 56%) were the most common type of state-supported prog.ams. Practitioners sig.ed initial contracts in 2008 totaled 1173, with more non-physicians (n = 681, 58%) sig.ing.initial contracts than physicians (n = 492, 42%). Additionally, 2803 practitioners were serving.in prog.ams in 2008. Field placement was also slig.tly g.eater among.non-physicians in 2008 (n = 1433, 51%) than physicians (n = 1370, 49%). State support-for-service prog.ams remains an important source of financial assistance for those willing.to make service commitments in underserved areas. Moreover, these prog.ams continue to increase in size, even amidst the economic malaise, and provide an oblig.ted primary care workforce in underserved areas.

关键词： Primary Care Workforce Medical Education Loan Forg.veness Access to Care

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Coupled Inversion of Pressure and Tiltmeter Data for Mapping.Hydraulic Fracture g.ometry

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Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica 2024年第3期37卷 396-405页

作者： Zuorong.Chen Xiaofang.Jiang.Zhejun Pan robert g.Jeffrey National Key Laboratory of Continental Shale Oil Northeast Petroleum UniversityDaqing163318China SCT Operation Pty.Ltd. PO Box 824WollongongNSW2520Australia

Pressure and tilt data are jointly inverted to simultaneously map the orientation and dimensions of a hydraulic *** deformation induced by a fracture under internal pressure is modeled using.the distributed dislocation *** planar fracture is represented by four quarter ellipses,joined at the center and sharing.*** config.ration provides a straig.tforward model for characterizing.asymmetric fracture *** inverse problem of mapping.the fracture g.ometry is formulated using.the Bayesian probabilistic method,combining.the a priori information on the fracture model with updated information from pressure and tilt *** the nonlinear inverse problem is achieved by pseudo-randomly sampling.the posterior probability distribution throug. the Markov chain Monte Carlo *** resulting.posterior probability distribution is then explored to assess uncertainty,resolution,and correlation between model *** experiments are conducted to verify the accuracy and validity of the proposed analysis method in mapping.the fracture g.ometry using.synthetic pressure and tilt data.

关键词： Hydraulic fracture mapping Coupled inversion Tilt Treating.pressure

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Hydrodynamic function and spring.constant calibration of FluidFM micropipette cantilevers

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Microsystems & Nanoeng.neering 2024年第1期10卷 277-286页

作者： Attila Bonyár Ág.ston g.Nag. Hans g.nstheimer g.tthold Fläschner robert Horvath Department of Electronics Technolog. Faculty of Electrical Engineering and InformaticsBudapest University of Technology and EconomicsBudapestHungary Nanobiosensorics Laboratory Institute of Technical Physics and Materials ScienceCentre for Energy ResearchHUN-RENBudapestHungary Nanosurf Ag Gräubernstrasse 12CH-4410 LiestalSwitzerland

Fluidic force microscopy(FluidFM)fuses the force sensitivity of atomic force microscopy with the manipulation capabilities of microfluidics by using.microfabricated cantilevers with embedded fluidic *** innovation initiated new research and development directions in biolog.,biophysics,and material *** acquire reliable and reproducible data,the calibration of the force sensor is ***,the hollow FluidFM cantilevers contain a row of parallel pillars inside a rectang.lar *** precise spring.constant calibration of the internally structured cantilever is far from trivial,and existing.methods g.nerally assume simplifications that are not applicable to these special types of *** addition,the Sader method,which is currently implemented by the FluidFM community,relies on the precise measurement of the quality factor,which renders the calibration of the spring.constant sensitive to *** this study,the hydrodynamic function of these special types of hollow cantilevers was experimentally determined with different *** on the hydrodynamic function,a novel spring.constant calibration method was adapted,which relied only on the two resonance frequencies of the cantilever,measured in air and in a *** on these results,our proposed method can be successfully used for the reliable,noise-free calibration of hollow FluidFM cantilevers.

关键词： spring cantilever function

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Predicting.the coefficient of friction in a sliding.contact by applying.machine learning.to acoustic emission data

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Friction 2024年第6期12卷 1299-1321页

作者： robert g.TIERREZ Tianshi FANg.robert MAINWARINg.Tom REDDYHOFF Tribolog. g.oup Department of Mechanical EngineeringImperial College LondonExhibition RoadLondon SW72AZUK Shell g.obal Solutions(US)Inc.Shell Technolog. Center Houston 3333 Highway 6 SouthHoustonTX 77082USA Shell International Petroleum Company Limited Shell CentreYork RoadLondon SE17NAUK

It is increasing.y important to monitor sliding.interfaces within machines,since this is where both energ. is lost,and failures *** emission(AE)techniques offer a way to monitor contacts remotely without requiring.transparent or electrically conductive ***,acoustic data from sliding.contacts is notoriously complex and difficult to ***,we simultaneously measure coefficient of friction(with a conventional force transducer)and acoustic emission(with a piezoelectric sensor and hig. acquisition rate dig.tizer)produced by a steel‒steel rubbing.*** data is then used to train machine learning.ML)alg.rithms(e.g.,g.ussian process reg.ession(g.R)and support vector machine(SVM))to correlated acoustic emission with *** training.requires the dense AE data to first be reduced in size and a rang. of processing.techniques are assessed for this(e.g.,down-sampling.averag.ng.fast Fourier transforms(FFTs),histog.ams).Next,fresh,unseen AE data is g.ven to the trained model and the resulting.friction predictions are compared with the directly measured *** is excellent ag.eement between the measured and predicted friction when the g.R model is used on AE histog.am data,with root mean square(RMS)errors as low as 0.03 and Pearson correlation coefficients reaching.***,predictions remain accurate despite chang.s in test conditions such as normal load,reciprocating.frequency,and stroke *** paves the way for remote,acoustic measurements of friction in inaccessible locations within machinery to increase mechanical efficiency and avoid costly failure/needless maintenance.

关键词： acoustic emission condition monitoring friction machine learning g.ussian process reg.ession support vector machine

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A g.neral mirror equivalence theorem for coset vertex operator alg.bras

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Science China Mathematics 2024年第10期67卷 2237-2282页

作者： robert McRae Yau Mathematical Sciences Center Tsinghua University

We prove a g.neral mirror duality theorem for a subalg.bra U of a simple conformal vertex alg.bra A and its commutant V=ComA（U）.Specifically,we assume that ■ as a U■V-module,where the U-modules Uiare simple and distinct and are objects of a semisimple braided ribbon categ.ry of Umodules,and the V-modules Viare semisimple and contained in a（not necessarily rig.d） braided tensor categ.ry of *** also assume U=ComA（V）.Under these conditions,we construct a braid-reversed tensor equivalence τ:uA→vA,where uAis the semisimple categ.ry of U-modules with simple objects Ui,i∈I,and vAis the categ.ry of V-modules whose objects are finite direct sums of *** particular,the V-modules Viare simple and distinct,and vAis a rig.d tensor *** an application,we find a rig.d semisimple tensor subcateg.ry of modules for the Virasoro alg.bra at central charg. 13+6p+6p-1,p∈Z≥2, which is braided tensor equivalent to an abelian 3-cocycle twist of the categ.ry of finite-dimensional ***,the Virasoro vertex operator alg.bra at central charg. 13+6p+6p-1is the PSL2（C）-fixed-point subalg.bra of a simple conformal vertex alg.bra w（-p）,analog.us to the realization of the Virasoro vertex operator alg.bra at central charg. 13-6p-6p-1as the PSL2（C）-fixed-point subalg.bra of the triplet alg.bra W（p）.

关键词： vertex operator alg.bras coset conformal field theory braid-reversed tensor equivalence Virasoro alg.bra

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Necrotic enteritis and antibiotic-free production of broiler chickens:Challeng.s in testing.and using.alternative products

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第01期16卷 288-298页

作者： robert J.Moore School of Science RMIT University

The g.obal trend towards raising.broiler chickens without the use of in-feed antibiotics(IFAs) means that there is an ong.ing.need to develop alternative treatments capable of delivering.the benefits that IFAs previously provided. IFAs supported the productivity performance of chickens and played a key role in maintaining.their health. Necrotic enteritis(NE) is an important disease of broilers that affects health,productivity, and welfare, and was previously well controlled by IFAs. However, with the reduction in IFA use, NE is resurg.nt in some countries. Vaccines and various feed additives, including.pre-, pro-, and postbiotics, phytobiotics, fatty acids, and phag. therapies have been introduced as alternative methods of NE control. While some of these feed additives have specific activity ag.inst the NE pathog.n, Clostridium perfring.ns, most have the more g.neral g.al of reinforcing.g.t health. Extensive reviews of the effects of many of these feed additives on g.t health have been published recently. Hence, rather than cover previously well reviewed areas of research this review focuses on the challeng.s and pitfalls in undertaking.experimental assessment of alternative NE treatments and translating.laboratory research to real world commercial production setting.. The review is based on the author's particular experience,reading. thoug.ts, and analysis of the available information and inevitably presents a particular understanding.that is likely to be at odds with others thinking.on these issues. It is put forward to stimulate thinking.and discussion on the issues covered.

关键词： Necrotic enteritis

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A detailed rock density model of the Hong.Kong.territories

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g.odesy and g.odynamics 2024年第1期15卷 75-81页

作者： Albertini Nsiah Ababio robert Tenzer Department of Land Surveying.and g.o-Informatics Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina

We used the g.olog.cal map and published rock density measurements to compile the dig.tal rock density model for the Hong.Kong.*** then estimated the averag. density for the whole *** to our result,the rock density values in Hong.Kong.vary from 2101 to 2681 kg.m^(-3).These density values are typically smaller than the averag. density of 2670 kg.m^(-3),often adopted to represent the averag. density of the upper continental crust in physical g.odesy and g.avimetric g.ophysics *** finding.reflects that the g.olog.cal config.ration in Hong.Kong.is mainly formed by lig.t volcanic formations and lava flows with overlying.sedimentary deposits at many locations,while the percentag. of heavier metamorphic rocks is very low(less than 1%).This product will improve the accuracy of a detailed g.oid model and orthometric heig.ts.

关键词： Density model Rock types g.avimetric modeling Hong.Kong

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The concept of g.ne therapy for g.aucoma:the dream that has not come true yet

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Neural Reg.neration Research 2024年第1期19卷 92-99页

作者： robert Sulak Xiaonan Liu Adrian Smedowski Department of Physiolog. Faculty of Medical Sciences in KatowiceMedical University of Silesia in KatowiceKatowicePoland Institute of Biotechnolog. HiLIFEUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland g.aucoTech Co. KatowicePoland

g.ne therapies,despite of being.a relatively new therapeutic approach,have a potential to become an important alternative to current treatment strateg.es in *** g.aucoma is not considered a sing.e g.ne disease,the identified g.als of g.ne therapy would be rather to provide neuroprotection of retinal g.ng.ion cells,especially,in intraocular-pressure-independent *** most commonly reported type of vector for g.ne delivery in g.aucoma studies is adeno-associated virus serotype 2 that has a hig. tro pism to retinal g.ng.ion cells,res ulting.in long.term expression and low immunog.nic *** g.ne thera py studies recruit inducible and g.netic animal models of optic neuropathy,like DBA/2J mice model of hig.-tension g.aucoma and the optic nerve *** g.ne therapy-based neuroprotection of retinal g.ng.ion cells is targ.ting.specific g.nes translating.to g.owth factors(i.e.,brain derived neurotrophic factor,and its receptor TrkB),reg.lation of apoptosis and neurodeg.neration(i.e.,Bcl-xl,Xiap,FAS system,nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyl transferase 2,Dig.t3 and Sarm1),immunomodulation(i.e.,Crry,C3 complement),modulation of neuroinflammation(i.e.,e rythropoietin),reduction of excitotoxicity(i.e.,Com KIlα)and transcription reg.lation(i.e.,Max,Nrf2).On the other hand,some of g.ne therapy studies focus on lowering.intra ocular pressure,by impacting.g.nes involved in both,decreasing.aqueous humor production(i.e.,aquaporin 1),and increasing.outflow facility(i.e.,COX2,prostag.andin F2a receptor,RhoA/RhoA kinase sig.aling.pathway,MMP1,Myocilin).The g.al of this review is to summarize the current stateof-art and the direction of development of g.ne therapy strateg.es for g.aucomatous neuropathy.

关键词： adeno-associated virus g.ne editing g.ne therapy g.aucoma IOP lowering IOP-independent mechanisms neuroprotection optic nerve optic neuropathy retinal g.ng.ion cells

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Assessment of portable FTIR and Raman spectroscopy for the detection of 2,3-dimethyl-2,3-dinitrobutane(DMDNB)in plastic explosives

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Defence Technolog.（防务技术） 2024年第4期34卷 11-18页

作者： Jacky Cailes robert Dunsmore Kathryn L.Ling. ChemCentre PO Box 1250PerthAustralia

The Marplex Convention was established to prevent the manufacture of unmarked plastic explosives and stipulates that a volatile detection ag.nt must be added at the time of ***,to-date,laboratory testing.remains the internationally accepted practice for identifying.and quantifying.the tag.ants stipulated in the *** this project,portable FTIR and Raman instruments were tested for their ability to detect 2,3-dimethyl-2,3-dinitrobutane(DMDNB),the chemical marker incorporated in plastic explosives that are manufactured within *** both FTIR and Raman instruments detected solid DMDNB(98%purity),field analysis of plastic explosives at an Australian Defence establishment showed that both FTIR and Raman spectra were matched the relevant explosive(RDX or PETN),rather than the DMDNB *** all three plastic explosives tested,the concentration of DMDNB was measured by SPME-g.-MS to be between 1.8 and 2%,g.eater than the minimum 1%concentration stipulated by the Marplex *** testing.with a plastic explosive analog.e confirmed that the minor absorption peaks that would characterize low concentrations of DMDNB were masked by absorption bands from other compounds within the ***,while both FTIR and Raman spectroscopy are suitable for detection of plastic explosives,neither rely on the presence of DMDNB for *** is likely that similar results would be found for other tag.ants stipulated by the Marplex Convention,g.ven they are also present in concentrations less than 1%.

关键词： Explosive ICAO tag.ants 2,3-Dimethyl-2,3-dinitrobutane(DMDNB) Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) Raman

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Optimization of product characteristics of porous carbon ag.lomerates using.a desig. of experiments in fluidized bed ag.lomeration

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Particuolog. 2024年第6期89卷 258-269页

作者： Martin Oelofse robert Rack Marcelle Hilden Peter Lang.uth Department of Pharmaceutical Technolog. and Biopharmaceutics Johannes Gutenberg UniversityMainzGermany Carbon Advanced Solutions g.bH HeuchelheimGermany

Spraying.parameters during.particle ag.lomeration processes can affect the ag.lomeration kinetics and particle *** study was conducted to better understand the influence of the spraying.parameters in a fluidized bed wet ag.lomeration process,and the influence on the stability characteristics of carbon tablets.A formulation based on fine carbon and peroxide powder,as well as carboxymethyl cellulose as a binder,was used to produce ag.lomerates in a first production *** in a second production step carbon tablets with a hig. porosity were molded for the customer g.ods *** optimization of the compressive streng.h of these carbon tablets was the g.al of the *** ag.lomerates were produced with a laboratory scale g.anulator called“ProCell”and were compressed with a five-cavity mechanical *** screening.of the ag.lomeration process parameters and their influence on the ag.lomerates quality,as well as the performance characteristics of the carbon tablets,were investig.ted using.a multilevel factorial *** experimental runs were done by varying.atomized air pressure and feed rate of the *** was determined by the desig. *** finding. of the statistical trials showed that low atomized air pressure and a low feed rate lead to a hig.er tablet compressive streng.h.

关键词： Wet ag.lomeration Fluidized bed Desig. of experiments Carbon ag.lomerates and tablets

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