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Evaluation of the Living Conditions and Health Perceptions of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Handlers in the Informal Sector in Dakar

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Occupational Diseases and Environmental Medicine 2024年第2期12卷 115-129页

作者： robert fa.mowe foko Awa Ndong Marius Kedote fatoumata Bah Absa Lam Cheikh Diop Aminata Toure Mathilde Cabral Mamadou fall Laboratoire de Toxicologie et d’ Hydrologie Facult&#233 de M&#233decine Pharmacie et Odontostomalogie Universit&#233 Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar Dakar S&#233n&#233gal Unité Mixte de Recherche d&#8217Exploration et de Diagnostic Unit&#233 de Formation et de Recherche des Sciences de la Sant&#233 Universit&#233 Iba Der Thiam de Thi&#232s Thi&#232s S&#233n&#233gal Institut Ré gional de Sant&#233 Publique Universit&#233 d&#8217Abomey-Calavi Ouidah B&#233nin

Electrical and electronic devices are becoming an increasingly important part of our society. In Africa, and in Senegal in particular, the handling and management of electronic and electrical equipment (EEE) that has reached the end of its life is mainly informal. This professional environment is characterized by the disintegration of the sector and the social heterogeneity that can be found there. The objective of this study is to assess the standard of living of electrical and electronic equipment waste handlers in the Dakar region, as well as their perception of their health. A survey was used to obtain information on sociodemographic background, living arrangements, perception of health status, and good practices to be implemented in case of work-related health problems. Life style, perception of general health and health problems were ranged as excellent, very good, good, average and poor. Informal recyclers in the Dakar region lived mainly in rooms and buildings as tenants (49.1%), or in family homes (48.4%) before starting this activity, and 51.2% continue to live in rooms and buildings as tenants compared to 41.4% who still live in a family home. The perception of health status ranged from poor to excellent, and 4.9% believe that they are limited in work due to a disability or health problem. Informal work is a heterogeneous phenomenon that makes research and policymaking particularly complex. There are several external factors within informal WEEE re-cyclers that can cause health problems or functional disability. However, the living conditions and the perception they have of their state of health are contradictory to the working conditions and the social environment to which they belong. A biomedical approach would consolidate these achievements by confirming or invalidating them.

关键词： E-Waste Informal Work Living Arrangements Health Perception Occupational Exposure

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Long-Term Impact of Acute Retinoic Acid Supplementation at the Young Age on Testicular Architecture of Wistar Albino Rats

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Advances in Reproductive Sciences 2024年第1期12卷 1-13页

作者： Mama Sy Racha Kamenda Ibondou fatoumata Bah robert foko Ndiaga Diop Mame Vénus Abdoulaye Séga Cheikh Diop Mamadou fall Oumar faye Laboratory of Histology Embryology and Cytogenetics Faculty of Medecine Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal

Introduction: Inappropriate and excess vitamin supplementation, particularly for vitamin A, is increasingly recognized as a public health problem in developed countries. On the other hand, blind supplementation of vitamin A, for children in developing countries is a subject of controversy in the literature. The crucial role of vitamin A in the process of spermatogenesis in adult rodents is well established, but only a few publications are consecrated to the long-term effect of vitamin A intake at a young age on testicular development and differentiation. Objectives: Our study aimed to evaluate the long-term effects of acute supplementation at an early age, in the post-natal period, on spermatogenesis and testicular trophicity at adult age. Material and Methods: Young Wistar Albinos rats of 22 days received an acute high dose of supplementation of vitamin A (retinyl palmitate). The control group, group 1, received only extra virgin olive oil, Group 2 a dose of 7000 IU/kg of retinyl palmitate, group 3, 14,000 IU/kg, and Group 4 a dose of 28,000 IU/kg. At 10 weeks of age, the testes’ testosterone levels were measured by ELISA. For histological assessment, sections were stained with Hematoxylin eosin, and the Johnsen score was used to evaluate spermatogenesis in the seminiferous tubules. Results: The average testicular weights of rats were significantly lower in group 4 (p < 0.05), and so was the testosterone level in the testis compared to the control group (p .01). Most of the seminiferous tubules were concerned by an arrest of spermatogenesis and the Johnsen score was decreased with a mean score of 5.96 ± 1.60 (p .001) in that Group. In Group 3, Johnsen’s score was significantly better than the one obtained with the control. Conclusion: We observed a negative effect in the long term with a high acute dose of supplementation of retinyl palmitate at a young age, on testicular development and differentiation. Despite a return to normal diet after that supplementation, d

关键词： Vitamin A Retinyl Palmitate Spermatogenesis Testis-Wistar Albino Rats

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Respiratory Flow Rates of Metal Welders Compared to a Population Not Exposed to Metal Welding Dust

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Open Journal of Respiratory Diseases 2024年第2期14卷 51-59页

作者： robert fa.mowe foko Abdou Khadir Sow Awa Ba Mor Diaw fatoumata Bah Mame Saloum Coly Absa Lam Cheikh Diop Aminata Toure Abdoulaye Ba Abdoulaye Samb Arame Mbengue Mathilde Cabral Mamadou fall Laboratory of Toxicology and Hydrology Faculty of Medicine Pharmacy and Odontostomatology Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar Dakar-Fann Senegal Laboratory of Physiology and Functional Exploration Faculty of Medicine Pharmacy and Odontostomatology Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar Dakar-Fann Senegal Laboratory of Physiology and Functional Exploration Alioune DIOP University of Bambey Bambey Senegal Laboratory of Physiology UFR of Health Sciences Functional Exploration Department Thies Regional Hospital Center Thies Senegal

Background: The welding trade includes many industrial activities in both the formal and informal sectors. Workers in this professional environment do not have access to individual and collective means of protection adapted to the activity, which exposes them to the dust emitted during their activity and therefore contributes to increasing the risk of developing respiratory disorders in this population. Objective: Our study aimed to evaluate the ventilatory function of metal welders in the city of Dakar. Method: This was a comparative study based on the analysis of the spirometric parameters of metal welders working in the city of Dakar (Senegal) with those of a control group of the same kind, selected from the general population. Measurements of forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), peak expiratory flow (PEF) and maximum mid expiratory flow (MMEF) were measured. Results: A total of 75 men between the ages of 19 and 61 were recruited and divided into two groups (43 controls and 32 welders). The welding population had more frequent distal and central obstructions and pulmonary restriction compared to the control group. The metals most commonly used by welders were aluminum for welders who had an obstruction, while for those who had a restriction, iron was the most used metal. Signs of metal fever were frequently found in welders, especially those with ventilatory disorders. Conclusion: The prevalence of respiratory disorders observed is close to that observed in industrial environments, where exposure levels are the highest. The lack of personal protective equipment could also be a significant risk factor in the development of these disorders.

关键词： Welder Occupational Exposure Spirometric Disorder Metal Fever Dakar

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Scintillation Arc from FRB 20220912A

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第1期67卷 134-142页

作者： Zi-Wei Wu robert AMain Wei-Wei Zhu Bing Zhang Peng Jiang Jia-Rui Niu Jin-Lin Han Di Li Ke-Jia Lee Dong-Zi Li Yuan-Pei Yang fa-Yin Wang Rui Luo Pei Wang Chen-Hui Niu Heng Xu Bo-Jun Wang Wei-Yang Wang Yong-Kun Zhang Yi Feng De-Jiang Zhou Yong-Hua Xu Can-Min Deng Yu-Hao Zhu National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie Bonn 53121Germany Institute for Frontier in Astronomy and Astrophysics Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 102206China Nevada Center for Astrophysics and Department of Physics and Astronomy University of NevadaLas VegasNV 89154USA CAS Key Laboratory of faST National Astronomical ObservatoriesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China School of Astronomy University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China NAOC-UKZN Computational Astrophysics Centre University of KwaZulu-NatalDurban 4000South Africa Department of Astronomy Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Cahill Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics California Institute of TechnologyPasadena 91125USA South-Western Institute For Astronomy Research Yunnan UniversityKunming 650504China School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China Key Laboratory of Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics(Nanjing University) Ministry of EducationNanjing 210023China CSIRO Space and Astronomy Epping 1710Australia Department of Astronomy School of Physics and Materials ScienceGuangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510006China Research Center for Intelligent Computing Platforms Zhejiang LaboratoryHangzhou 311100China Yunnan Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650011China Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics Department of PhysicsGuangxi UniversityNanning 530004China

We present the interstellar scintillation analysis of fast radio burst(FRB)20220912A during its extremely active episode in 2022using data from the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope(faST).We detect a scintillation arc in the FRB’s secondary spectrum,which describes the power in terms of the scattered FRB signals’time delay and Doppler *** arc indicates that the scintillation is caused by a highly localized *** analysis favors a Milky Way origin of the ionized interstellar medium(IISM)for the localized scattering medium but cannot rule out a host galaxy *** present our method for detecting the scintillation arc,which can be applied generally to sources with irregularly spaced bursts or *** methods could help shed light on the complex interstellar environment surrounding the FRBs and in our Galaxy.

关键词： fast radio burst scintillation FRB 20220912A

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Health Risk Assessment of Trace Metals in Drinking Water Consumed in Dakar, Senegal

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2021年第12期13卷 915-930页

作者： Jessica Carmelia Mbemba Peleka Cheikh Diop robert fa.mowe foko Mouhamadou Lamine Daffe Mamadou fall Laboratory of Toxicology and Hydrology (LTH) Department of Pharmacy Faculty of Medicine Pharmacy and Dentistry (FMPO) Cheikh Anta Diop University (UCAD) Dakar Senegal

Water contamination by chemical pollutants is increasingly associated with waterborne diseases worldwide. The objective of this study is to assess the chemical health risk associated with drinking water consumption in Dakar, Senegal. The methodology adopted in this study is based on the determination of trace metals (Cd, Pb, Fe, Cu and Mn) in human drinking water by flame atomic absorption spectrometry, the estimation of the exposure of populations of the study area on the basis of the quantity of water consumed daily and the determination of the hazard quotient which allows estimating the health risk. The results indicate unacceptable levels of Pb and Cd in the water according to World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, while the concentrations of Fe, Cu and Mn are below the regulatory values. The hazard quotient (HQ) is in the majority of samples higher than 1 in children and infants for scenario 1 (based on WHO data), reflecting a high risk for this target. In scenario 2 based on consumption data from the populations studied, the HQ is greater than 1 only in heavy consumers. The drinking water consumed by Dakar population presents health risks related to Pb and Cd, particularly for infants, children and heavy consumers, hence the need to strengthen the water treatment system before home consumption.

关键词： Drinking Water Trace Metals Health Risk Senegal

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Morphological characterization of fungi associated with the ascochyta blight complex and pathogenic variability of Mycosphaerella pinodes on field pea crops in central Alberta

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The Crop Journal 2015年第1期3卷 10-18页

作者： Hafiz Ahmed Kan-fa Chang Sheau-fang Hwang Heting Fu Qixing Zhou Stephen Strelkov robert Conner Bruce Gossen Crop Diversification Centre North Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science University of Alberta Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) Morden MB R6M 1Y5 Canada Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) Saskatoon SK S7N 0X2 Canada

Field pea crops in central Alberta were surveyed for ascochyta blight from 2011 to 2012 and fungal isolates were recovered from foliar lesions on selected plants. Cultural and microscopic characterization of the 275 isolates obtained revealed that 272 were of Mycosphaerella pinodes and three were of Phoma medicaginis var. pinodella. Ascochyta pisi or Phoma koolunga were not identified. Isolates of M. pinodes were divided into two groups,GI and GII, based on visual assessment of culture characteristics. GI isolates(light to dark, mostly gray colony color; pycnidial distribution radial and concentric; conidia10.5–14.5 × 4.2–6.2 μm most with one septum, occasionally two, constricted at the septum;spore mass light buff to flesh color) were predominant(83%), while GII isolates(dark to gray colony color; pycnidia abundant; conidia 8–16 × 3.5–6.2 μm most with 1 septum, constricted at the septum; spore mass light buff to flesh color) were less common(17%). The cultures of GII isolates were similar to recent descriptions of A. pisi, but they differed in spore color. In a host differential study, 13 pathotypes of M. pinodes were identified from 110 single-spore isolates. Pathotype I was predominant(88 isolates) and virulent on all nine differential genotypes. The other pathotypes(pathotypes II–XIII) were rare(1–6 isolates of each).Comparison of the present results with earlier studies suggests that pathotype I has been prevalent for many years, and that its aggressiveness on the host differentials has increased over time. Emphasis should be placed on breeding for resistance to M. pinodes in field pea cultivars intended for deployment in central Alberta.

关键词： Ascochyta Phoma Resistance Virulence Pathotype

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Evaluation of host resistance and fungicide application as tools for the management of root rot of field pea caused by Aphanomyces euteiches

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The Crop Journal 2019年第1期7卷 38-48页

作者： Longfei Wu Kan-fa Chang Sheau-fang Hwang robert Conner Rudolph Fredua-Agyeman David Feindel Stephen E.Strelkov Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science University of Alberta Crop Diversification Centre North Alberta Agriculture and Forestry Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Morden Research and Development Centre

Aphanomyces root rot(ARR) of field pea(Pisum sativum), caused by Aphanomyces euteiches, can cause severe root damage, wilting, and large yield losses under wet soil conditions. To identify ways to manage this disease, the effect of A. euteiches inoculum density on field pea was studied under greenhouse and field conditions in 2015 and 2016. Increases in inoculum density reduced seedling emergence, root nodulation, and plant vigor, and resulted in increased root rot severity in both field and greenhouse tests. Seed treatments with the fungicides Apron Advance(thiabendazole + fludioxonil + metalaxyl) + Vibrance(difenoconazole + metalaxylM + sedaxane), INTEGO Solo(ethaboxam), BAS 516F(boscalid + pyraclostrobin), BAS 720F(metalaxyl + pyraclostrobin + fluxapyroxad), and BAS 516F + BAS 720F(3:1) were evaluated for their efficacy against ARR. All seed treatments except Apron Advance + Vibrance reduced root rot severity under controlled conditions. BAS 516F, BAS 720F and INTEGO Solo improved plant vigor and all treatments reduced seedling blight to varying degrees under greenhouse conditions, but not in the field. A collection of 22 pea genotypes was evaluated for resistance to root rot in field plot experiments. Line 00–2067 showed the least severe root rot symptoms,whereas ‘Spring D' showed the lowest reduction in yield. The results suggest that there may be an opportunity to combine partial host resistance and fungicidal seed treatments to adequately manage ARR of field pea.

关键词： Aphanomyces euteiches Field pea Fungicides Inoculum density Resistance

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Aphanomyces euteiches： A Threat to Canadian Field Pea Production

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Engineering 2018年第4期4卷 542-551页

作者： Longfei Wu Kan-fa Chang robert L. Conner Stephen Strelkov Rudolph Fredua-Agyeman Sheau-fang Hwang David Feindel Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science University of Alberta Edmonton AB T6G 2P5 Canada Crop Diversification Center North Alberta Agriculture and Forestry Edmonton AB TSY 6H3 Canada Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Morden Research and Development Centre Morden MB R6M 1Y5 Canada

豌豆(Pisum sativum var. arvense L.)是世界上重要的豆科作物。豌豆籽粒蛋白质含量很高,并能提高土壤中有效氮的含量。由一种土传卵菌根腐丝囊霉(Aphanomyces euteiches Drechs.)引起的Aphanomyces根腐病(ARR),在包括加拿大在内的许多... 详细信息

豌豆(Pisum sativum var. arvense L.)是世界上重要的豆科作物。豌豆籽粒蛋白质含量很高,并能提高土壤中有效氮的含量。由一种土传卵菌根腐丝囊霉(Aphanomyces euteiches Drechs.)引起的Aphanomyces根腐病(ARR),在包括加拿大在内的许多地区对豌豆生产构成严重威胁,在潮湿的土壤条件下引起严重的根损伤、萎蔫,造成大幅度减产。在有利于病害发生的条件下,由于病原体卵孢子的寿命长,在豌豆任何生长阶段都可以侵染豌豆植株,传统病害防控措施(如作物轮作和拌种处理)不能完全防治病害的危害。培育部分抗病或耐病豌豆品种可能是分析豌豆中根腐丝囊霉变异性和生理转化性、提高病害防治效果的有效途径。因此,检测抗病数量性状基因座(QTL)对豌豆育种计划至关重要。本文对根腐丝囊霉的致病特点、ARR防控措施以及部分与抗性相关的QTL进行了综述。

关键词：豌豆作物种植技术技术创新

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Characterization of folic acid,5-methyltetrahydrofolate and synthetic folinic acid in the high-affinity folate transporters:impact on pregnancy and development

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Reproductive and Developmental Medicine 2023年第2期7卷 102-107页

作者： Ana M.Palacios Rachel A.Feiner robert M.Cabrera Department of Nutritional Sciences Dell Pediatric Research InstituteUniversity of Texas at AustinAustinTexas Department of Health Policy and Community Health Jiann Ping Hsu College of Public HealthGeorgia Southern UniversitySavannahGeorgia Department of Behavioral Neuroscience College of ScienceNortheastern UniversityBostonMassachusetts Center for Precision Environmental Health Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTexas

Objectives:Folates are B vitamins that are essential for several molecular,cellular,and biological processes,including nucleotide synthesis,methylation,and methionine *** physiological impacts of these processes on health also extend to cell proliferation,folate deficiency anemia,and reduction of the risk of birth defects during *** primary objective of this study was to characterize the binding affinities of different folate forms,folic acid(fa),5-methyltetrahydrofolate(5MTHF),and folinic acid,to the folate receptorsαandβ,and to the bovine milk folate binding *** three dietary forms of folate are found in enriched grains(fa),various fruits and leafy vegetables(folinic acid),and red blood cells(5MTHF).Methods:The half maximal inhibitory concentration values and binding curves of each of these folates for each receptor were ***:Our results indicated that fa had the highest affinity for all folate receptors,followed by 5MTHF,and lastly,by folinic acid,examined by several orders of ***:These data are expected to provide new insights into the therapeutic applications of the different forms of folate in a variety of diseases.

关键词： 5-methyltetrahydrofolate folic acid folinic acid folate receptorα folate receptorβ affinity

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Bioinspired fish-scale-like magnesium composites strengthened by contextures of continuous titanium fibers:Lessons from nature

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2023年第3期11卷 869-881页

作者： Yanyan Liu Qin Yu Guoqi Tan Mingyang Zhang Enling Tang Shaogang Wang Zengqian Liu Qiang Wang Zhefeng Zhang robert O.Ritchie Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of California BerkeleyBerkeleyCA 94720USA Key Laboratory of Transient Physical Mechanics and Energy Conversion Materials of Liaoning Province Shenyang Ligong UniversityShenyang 110159China Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases School and Hospital of StomatologyChina Medical UniversityShenyang 110001China

Natural fish scales demonstrate outstanding mechanical efficiency owing to their elaborate architectures and thereby may serve as ideal prototypes for the architectural design of man-made *** bioinspired magnesium composites with fish-scale-like orthogonal plywood and double-Bouligand architectures were developed by pressureless infiltration of a magnesium melt into the woven contextures of continuous titanium *** composites exhibit enhanced strength and work-hardening ability compared to those estimated from a simple mixture of their constituents at ambient to elevated *** particular,the double-Bouligand architecture can effectively deflect cracking paths,alleviate strain localization,and adaptively reorient titanium fibers within the magnesium matrix during the deformation of the composite,representing a successful implementation of the property-optimizing mechanisms in fish *** strength of the composites,specifically the effect of their bioinspired architectures,was interpreted based on the adaptation of classical laminate *** study may offer a feasible approach for developing new bioinspired metal-matrix composites with improved performance and provide theoretical guidance for their architectural designs.

关键词： Magnesium composites Bioinspired materials Fish scales Bouligand-type architecture Structural reorientation

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