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Global characterization and monitoring of forest cover using Landsat data: opportunities and challenges

International Journal of Digital earth 2012年第5期5卷 373-397页

作者： John R.Townshend Jeffrey G.Masek Chengquan Huang eric.F.Vermote Feng Gao Saurabh Channan Joseph O.Sexton Min Feng Raghuram Narasimhan Dohyung Kim Kuan Song Danxia Song Xiao-Peng Song Praveen Noojipady Bin Tan Matthew C.Hansen Mengxue Li robert e.wolfe Global Land Cover Facility Department of Geographical SciencesUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMDUSA Goddard Space Flight Center National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationGreenbeltMDUSA Department of Geographical Sciences University of MarylandCollege ParkMDUSA USDA-ARS Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory BeltsvilleMDUSA

The compilation of global Landsat data-sets and the ever-lowering costs of computing now make it feasible to monitor the earth’s land cover at Landsat resolutions of 30 *** this article,we describe the methods to create global products of forest cover and cover change at Landsat ***,there are many challenges in ensuring the creation of high-quality *** we propose various ways in which the challenges can be *** the challenges are the need for atmospheric correction,incorrect calibration coefficients in some of the data-sets,the different phenologies between compila-tions,the need for terrain correction,the lack of consistent reference data for training and accuracy assessment,and the need for highly automated character-ization and change *** propose and evaluate the creation and use of surface reflectance products,improved selection of scenes to reduce phenological differences,terrain illumination correction,automated training selection,and the use of information extraction procedures robust to errors in training data along with several other *** several stages we use Moderate Resolution Spectro-radiometer data and products to assist our analysis.A global working prototype product of forest cover and forest cover change is included.

关键词： Landsat land cover forest cover change global mapping global monitoring

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High Impact Polylactide Based on Organosilicon Nucleation Agent

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2024年第6期42卷 787-797页

作者： Daria Pakuła Bogna Sztorch eliza Romańczuk-Ruszuk Bogdan Marciniec robert e.Przekop Faculty of Chemistry Adam Mickiewicz University in PoznańUniwersytetu Poznańskiego 861-614PoznańPoland Centre for Advanced Technologies Adam Mickiewicz University in PoznańUniwersytetu Poznańskiego 1061-614PoznańPoland Institute of Biomedical engineering Faculty of Mechanical EngineeringBialystok University of TechnologyWiejska 45C15-351BialystokPoland

Various sectors of the industry are searching for new materials with specific requirements,providing improved *** study presents novel composite materials based on polylactide that have been modified with the organosilicon compound,(3-thiopropyl)polysilsesquioxane(SSQ-SH).The SSQ-SH compound is a mixture of cage structures and not fully condensed random *** composite materials were obtained through injection *** study includes a comprehensive characterization of the new materials that analyze their functional properties,such as rheology(MFR),mechanical strength(tensile strength,Charpy impact strength),and thermal *** microscopic photos were also taken to analyze the microstructure of the *** addition of a 5%by-weight organosilicon compound to polylactide resulted in a significant increase in MFR by 73.8%compared to the neat *** greatest improvement in impact strength was achieved for the 5%SSQ-SH/PLA composite,increasing it by 32.0 kJ/m^(2)compared to PLA,which represents an increase of up to 187%.The conducted research confirms the possibility of modifying the properties of the polymer by employing organosilicon compounds.

关键词： Octa(3-thiopropyl)silsesquioxane 8SH-POSS Polylactide(PLA) Injection moulding Composites

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Predicting the coefficient of friction in a sliding contact by applying machine learning to acoustic emission data

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Friction 2024年第6期12卷 1299-1321页

作者： robert GUTIeRReZ Tianshi FANG robert MAINWARING Tom ReDDYHOFF Tribology Group Department of Mechanical EngineeringImperial College LondonExhibition RoadLondon SW72AZUK Shell Global Solutions(US)Inc.Shell Technology Center Houston 3333 Highway 6 SouthHoustonTX 77082USA Shell International Petroleum Company Limited Shell CentreYork RoadLondon SE17NAUK

It is increasingly important to monitor sliding interfaces within machines,since this is where both energy is lost,and failures *** emission(Ae)techniques offer a way to monitor contacts remotely without requiring transparent or electrically conductive ***,acoustic data from sliding contacts is notoriously complex and difficult to ***,we simultaneously measure coefficient of friction(with a conventional force transducer)and acoustic emission(with a piezoelectric sensor and high acquisition rate digitizer)produced by a steel‒steel rubbing *** data is then used to train machine learning(ML)algorithms(e.g.,Gaussian process regression(GPR)and support vector machine(SVM))to correlated acoustic emission with *** training requires the dense Ae data to first be reduced in size and a range of processing techniques are assessed for this(e.g.,down-sampling,averaging,fast Fourier transforms(FFTs),histograms).Next,fresh,unseen Ae data is given to the trained model and the resulting friction predictions are compared with the directly measured *** is excellent agreement between the measured and predicted friction when the GPR model is used on Ae histogram data,with root mean square(RMS)errors as low as 0.03 and Pearson correlation coefficients reaching ***,predictions remain accurate despite changes in test conditions such as normal load,reciprocating frequency,and stroke *** paves the way for remote,acoustic measurements of friction in inaccessible locations within machinery to increase mechanical efficiency and avoid costly failure/needless maintenance.

关键词： acoustic emission condition monitoring friction machine learning Gaussian process regression support vector machine

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The concept of gene therapy for glaucoma:the dream that has not come true yet

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第1期19卷 92-99页

作者： robert Sulak Xiaonan Liu Adrian Smedowski Department of Physiology Faculty of Medical Sciences in KatowiceMedical University of Silesia in KatowiceKatowicePoland Institute of Biotechnology HiLIFEUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland GlaucoTech Co. KatowicePoland

Gene therapies,despite of being a relatively new therapeutic approach,have a potential to become an important alternative to current treatment strategies in *** glaucoma is not considered a single gene disease,the identified goals of gene therapy would be rather to provide neuroprotection of retinal ganglion cells,especially,in intraocular-pressure-independent *** most commonly reported type of vector for gene delivery in glaucoma studies is adeno-associated virus serotype 2 that has a high tro pism to retinal ganglion cells,res ulting in long-term expression and low immunogenic *** gene thera py studies recruit inducible and genetic animal models of optic neuropathy,like DBA/2J mice model of high-tension glaucoma and the optic nerve *** gene therapy-based neuroprotection of retinal ganglion cells is targeting specific genes translating to growth factors(i.e.,brain derived neurotrophic factor,and its receptor TrkB),regulation of apoptosis and neurodegeneration(i.e.,Bcl-xl,Xiap,FAS system,nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyl transferase 2,Digit3 and Sarm1),immunomodulation(i.e.,Crry,C3 complement),modulation of neuroinflammation(i.e.,e rythropoietin),reduction of excitotoxicity(i.e.,Com KIlα)and transcription regulation(i.e.,Max,Nrf2).On the other hand,some of gene therapy studies focus on lowering intra ocular pressure,by impacting genes involved in both,decreasing aqueous humor production(i.e.,aquaporin 1),and increasing outflow facility(i.e.,COX2,prostaglandin F2a receptor,RhoA/RhoA kinase signaling pathway,MMP1,Myocilin).The goal of this review is to summarize the current stateof-art and the direction of development of gene therapy strategies for glaucomatous neuropathy.

关键词： adeno-associated virus gene editing gene therapy glaucoma IOP lowering IOP-independent mechanisms neuroprotection optic nerve optic neuropathy retinal ganglion cells

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Creation and validation of a novel low-cost dry lab for early resident training and assessment of robotic prostatectomy technical proficiency

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Current Urology 2024年第2期18卷 133-138页

作者： Kevin Kunitsky Abhishek Venkataramana Katherine e.Fero Jorge Ballon Jacob Komberg robert Reiter Wayne Brisbane Institute of Urologic Oncology Department of UrologyDavid Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA Charles e.Schmidt College of Medicine Florida Atlantic UniversityBoca RatonFLUSA

Purpose:To evaluate the preliminary validity and acceptability of a low-cost low-fidelity robotic surgery dry lab for training and assessing residents’technical proficiency with key robotic radical prostatectomy *** and methods:Three standardized inanimate tasks were created to simulate the radical prostatectomy steps of posterior dissection,neurovascular bundle release,and urethrovesical *** trainees and faculty at a single institution completed and evaluated each dry lab *** validity was evaluated by comparing task completion times and Global evaluative Assessment of Robotic Skills scores across four participant cohorts:medical students(n=5),junior residents(n=5),senior residents(n=5),and attending surgeons(n=7).Content validity,face validity,and acceptabilitywere evaluated through a posttask survey using a 5-point Likert ***:There was a significant difference in the individual and composite task completion times and Global evaluative Assessment of Robotic Skills scores across all participant cohorts(all pe model was rated favorably in terms of its content validity and acceptability for use in residency ***,model realism,compared with human tissue,was poorly *** dry lab production cost was less than US$***:This low-cost procedure-specific dry lab demonstrated evidence of content validity,construct validity,and acceptability for simulating key robotic prostatectomy technical steps and can be used to augment robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy surgical training.

关键词： Robotic surgery education Radical prostatectomy Simulation Dry laboratory Validation

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Role of practice standardization in outcome optimization for CDH

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World Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2024年第2期7卷 110-118页

作者： Alexandra Dimmer robert Baird Pramod Puligandla Harvey e.Beardmore Division of Pediatric Surgery Department of Pediatric SurgeryMontreal Children's HospitalMontrealQuebecCanada Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery British Columbia Children's HospitalVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada Harvey e.Beardmore Department of Pediatric Surgery McGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada

Standardization of care seeks to improve patient outcomes and healthcare delivery by reducing unwanted variations in care as well as promoting the efficient and effective use of healthcare *** are many types of standardization,with clinical practice guidelines(CPGs),based on a stringent assessment of evidence and expert consensus,being the hallmark of high-quality *** article outlines the history of CPGs,their benefits and shortcomings,with a specific focus on standardization efforts as it relates to congenital diaphragmatic hernia management.

关键词： congenital clinical shortcomings

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The transcriptional landscape of the developmental switch from regular pollen maturation towards microspore-derived plant regeneration in barley

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The Crop Journal 2024年第4期12卷 1064-1080页

作者： Anna Nowicka Martin Kovacik Anna Maksylewicz Przemysław Kopec ewa Dubas Monika Krzewska Agnieszka Springer robert e.Hoffie Diaaeldin S.Daghma Zbynek Milec Ales Pecinka Jochen Kumlehn Iwona Zur The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology Polish Academy of Sciences Niezapominajek 2130-239 KrakówPoland Institute of experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences Centre of Plant Structural and Functional GenomicsŠlechtitelu3177900 OlomoucCzech Republic Department of Cell Biology and Genetics Faculty of SciencePalacky UniversityŠlechtitelu°2777900 OlomoucCzech Republic Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology Jagiellonian University30-387 KrakówPoland Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research(IPK)Gatersleben Corrensstraße 306466 Stadt SeelandGermany Institute for Breeding Research on Horticultural Crops Julius Kühn Institute(JKI)-Federal Research Centre for Cultivated PlantsErwin-Baur Straße 2706484 QuedlinburgGermany Global Change Research Institute Czech Academy of Sciences Beˇlidla 986/4a60300 BrnoCzech Republic

Plant formation from in vitro-cultivated microspores involves a complex network of internal and environmental ***/doubled haploids(DHs)derived from in vitro-cultured microspores are widely used in plant breeding and genetic ***,the mechanism underlying the developmental switch from regular pollen maturation towards microspore-derived plant regeneration remains poorly ***,RNA-sequencing was employed to elucidate the transcriptional landscapes of four early stages of microspore embryogenesis(Me)in barley cultivars Golden Promise and Igri,which exhibit contrasting responsiveness to microspore-derived plant *** experiments revealed fundamental regulatory networks,specific groups of genes,and transcription factor(TF)families potentially regulating the developmental *** identified a set of candidate genes crucial for genotype-dependent responsiveness/recalcitrance to *** high-resolution temporal transcriptome atlas provides an important resource for future functional studies on the genetic control of microspore developmental transition.

关键词： Hordeum vulgare Marker gene Microspore embryogenesis Stress response Transcriptome analysis

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Alzheimer's disease and low-dose radiation therapy:A new hope

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Radiation Medicine and Protection 2024年第1期5卷 1-6页

作者： Neal e.Dunlap robert P.Friedland Lu Cai Department of Radiation Oncology University of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKY40202USA Department of Neurology The University of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKY40202USA Pediatric Research Institute Departments of PediatricsPharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKY40202USA

The concept of low-dose radiation(LDR)-induced hormetic responses was initially observed approximately 70 years ago and systematically reviewed along with the discovery of LDR-induced adaptive responses in a cytogenetic in vitro study in *** the end of the 1990s,discussions regarding the potential applications of LDRinduced hormesis and adaptive responses for preventing or treating chronic diseases,such as Alzheimer’s disease(AD)had taken *** 2016,reports on radiotherapy for the subjects with AD and for genetic AD model mice were ***,several preclinical studies with animal models of AD and clinical studies in AD subjects were conducted.A significant milestone was achieved with the online availability of a new Systematic Review based on qualified publications from these preclinical and clinical *** mini-review provides a concise historical introduction to LDR-induced hormesis and adaptive responses with discussion of AD radiotherapy with either LDR or relatively high dose *** of this Systematic Review cover promising outcomes,challenges,and new questions,followed by discussion of potential mechanisms.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease Low-dose radiation Radiation adaptive response Radiation hormesis

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Commentary on “Why people should run after positive affective experiences instead of health benefits”

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第4期13卷 451-452页

作者： Ting Wang Jinghua Chen robert Schinke Liye Zou Body-Brain-Mind Laboratory School of PsychologyShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China School of Kinesiology and Health Sciences Laurentian UniversitySudburyON P3E 2C6Canada

Maltagliati et al.1 recently highlighted the vital role of affective experiences in promoting physical activity(PA).The authors suggested that positive affective experiences,rather than health benefits,can tip the balance in favor of PA over sedentary *** authors proposed a new formal decision model between PA and sedentary alternatives and reported that when health benefits are the unique reason to action,the costs of PA(e.g.,effort)and the subjective value(SV)of sedentary alternatives(V_(sed))are the main drivers of decision-making processes.

关键词： benefits formal decision

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Public health importance of light intensity physical activity

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第5期13卷 674-675页

作者： robert Ross Ian Janssen Mark S.Tremblay School of Kinesiology and Health Studies Queen’s UniversityKingstonON K7L 3N6Canada School of Medicine Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismQueen’s UniversityKingstonON K7L 3N6Canada Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research InstituteOttawaON K1H 8L1Canada Department of Pediatrics University of OttawaOttawaON K1H 8L1Canada

*** intensity physical activity(PA)benefits health PA guidelines worldwide recommend that adults accumulate 150 min of moderate intensity or 75 min of vigorous intensity PA(moderate-to-vigorous PA(MVPA))weekly to achieve health benefits.1-3 Absent from these guidelines are recommendations for light intensity PA(LPA,e.g.,walking at a leisurely pace of 3 km/h or less,equivalent to 1.5-2.9 metabolic equivalents).

关键词： intensity light benefits

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