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Sperm retrieval success and testicular histopathology in idiopathic nonobstructive azoospermia

Asian Journal of Andrology 2020年第6期22卷 555-559页

作者： Arighno Das Joshua A Halpern Annie L Darves-Bornoz Mehul Patel James Wren Mary Kate Keeter robert e Brannigan Department of Urology Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIL 60611USA

Prior studies have investigated sperm retrieval rates in men with non obstructive azoospermia(NOA)secondary to specific etiologies,yet most cases of NOA are *** compared sperm retrieval rates and testicular histopathology in idiopathic NOA(iNOA)and nonidiopathic NOA(niNOA).We performed a retrospective review of men with NOA who underwent microdissection testicular sperm extraction(microTeSe)between 2000 and *** with no history of malignancy or cryptorchidism and negative genetic evaluation were considered *** regression determined the association between idiopathic etiology and primary outcomes of sperm retrieval and active spermatogenesis on *** 224 men,86(38.4%)were idiopathic,75(33.5%)were nonidiopathic,and 63(28.1%)did not undergo genetic *** age and serum testosterone were higher among iNOA or no testing versus *** follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH)was lower among iNOA or no testing versus niNOA.A higher proportion of iNOA or no testing versus niNOA had a clinical *** retrieval rates were similar between iNOA,niNOA,and no testing(41.8%vs 48.0%vs 55.6%,respectively;P=0.255).Active spermatogenesis was seen in a higher proportion of iNOA or no testing versus niNOA(31.4%and 27.0%vs 16.0%,P=0.073).On multivariable analysis,iNOA was not associated with sperm retrieval or spermatogenesis(P=0.430 and P=0.078,respectively).Rates of sperm retrieval and spermatogenesis on testis pathology were similar in men with iNOA and *** data will be useful to clinicians in preoperative counseling for men with NOA and negative genetic evaluation.

关键词： microdissection testicular sperm extraction nonobstructive azoospermia sperm retrieval rate

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Galaxy formation in the reionization epoch as hinted by WideField Camera 3 observations of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2010年第9期10卷 867-904页

作者： Hao-Jing Yan Rogier A. Windhorst Nimish e Hathi Seth H. Cohen Russell e.Ryan robert W. O＇Connell Patrick J. McCarthy Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics The Ohio State University 191 West Woodruff Avenue Columbus OH 43210 USA School of earth and Space exploration Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85287 USA Department of Physics ＆ Astronomy University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA Department of Physics University of California One Shields Avenue Davis CA 95616 USA Astronomy Department University of Virginia P.O. Box 3818 Charlottesville VA 22903 USA Observatories of the Carnegie Institution of Washington 813 Santa Barbara Street Pasadena CA 91101 USA

We present a large sample of candidate galaxies at z ≈ 7 - 10, selected in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field using the new observations of the Wide Field Camera 3 that was recently installed on the Hubble Space Telescope. Our sample is composed of 20 z850-dropouts （four new discoveries）, 15 Y105-dropouts （nine new discoveries） and 20 J125-dropouts （all new discoveries）. The surface densities of the Z850-dropouts are close to what was predicted by earlier studies, however, those of the Y105- and J125-dropouts are quite unexpected. While no Y105- or J125-dropouts have been found at AB ≤ 28.0 mag, their surface densities seem to increase sharply at fainter levels. While some of these candidates seem to be close to foreground galaxies and thus could possibly be gravitationally lensed, the overall surface densities after excluding such cases are still much higher than what would be expected if the luminosity function does not evolve from z ～ 7 to 10. Motivated by such steep increases, we tentatively propose a set of Schechter function parameters to describe the luminosity functions at z ≈8 and 10. As compared to their counterpart at z ≈ 7, here L^＊ decreases by a factor of ～ 6.5 and Ф^＊ increases by a factor of 17-90. Although such parameters are not yet demanded by the existing observations, they are allowed and seem to agree with the data better than other alternatives. If these luminosity functions are still valid beyond our current detection limit, this would imply a sudden emergence of a large number of low-luminosity galaxies when looking back in time to z ≈ 10, which, while seemingly exotic, would naturally fit in the picture of the cosmic hydrogen reionization. These early galaxies could easily account for the ionizing photon budget required by the reionization, and they would imply that the global star formation rate density might start from a very high value at z ≈ 10, rapidly reach the minimum at z≈ 7, and start to rise again towards z ≈ 6. In this scenario, the maj

关键词： cosmology observations -- cosmology early universe -- galaxies evolution -- galaxies luminosity function, mass function -- infrared galaxies

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Improving Sustainability by Privatizing Wildlife Conservation

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Natural Resources 2023年第4期14卷 45-64页

作者： robert e. Wright Research Department American Institute for Economic Research Great Barrington MA USA

The purpose of this study is to improve environmental sustainability by identifying the most sustainable/least fragile of the three major wildlife conservation access models—open, government, and private—under varying environmental and socioeconomic conditions. The private access model is the most sustainable of the three major conservation models because it provides the best information and incentives to balance the needs of humans and wildlife, maintain general wildlife habitat, and adapt quickly to changing environmental and/or socioeconomic conditions. Government-controlled access, however, can be employed as a model of last resort if the private access model shows signs of failing to protect specific species from local extirpation or extinction, which it is most likely to do for migratory species, species with close commercial substitutes, and species with no direct commercial value. Government regulators may also be needed to enforce property rights arrangements like catch shares and to monitor resources that remain open access in case socioeconomic or environmental conditions change sufficiently to trigger the tragedy of the commons. Most treatments of wildlife regulation default to various iterations of the government access model and fail even to consider the costs and benefits of private and open access models. The analysis here instead shows the conditions in which each conservation access model is most appropriate: open when a resource is in high supply and low demand, private most of the time, and government when the others fail to slow resource depopulation/depletion.

关键词： Wildlife Conservation Open Access Conservation Model Government Access Conservation Model Private Access Conservation Model extinction extirpation Incentives Information Habitat Sustainability

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Recent trends in the surgical management of inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第3期14卷 408-412页

作者： robert e Roses John L Rombeau University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine Philadelphia Pennsylvania Temple University School of Medicine Philadelphia Pennsylvania United States

Surgery is required in the vast majority of patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) and in approximately one-third of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). Similar to medical treatments for IBD, significant advances have occurred in surgery. Advances in CD include an emphasis upon conservatism as exemplified by more limited resections, strictureplasties, and laparoscopic resections. The use of probiotics in selected patients has improved the outcome in patients with pouchitis following restorative proctocolectomy for UC. It is anticipated that ongoing discoveries in the molecular basis of IBD will in turn identify those patients who will best respond to surgery.

关键词： Crohn's disease Ulcerative colitis Ileal pouchanal anastomosis Laparoscopic colectomy

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Deterministic epidemic models overestimate the basic reproduction number of observed outbreaks

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2024年第3期9卷 680-688页

作者： Wajid Ali Christopher e.Overton robert R.Wilkinson Kieran J.Sharkey Department of Mathematical Sciences University of LiverpoolPeach StreetLiverpoolL697ZXEnglandUnited Kingdom Department of Applied Mathematics Liverpool John Moores UniversityByrom StreetLiverpoolL35UXEnglandUnited Kingdom

The basic reproduction number,R_(0),is a well-known quantifier of epidemic ***,a class of existing methods for estimating R_(0)from incidence data early in the epidemic can lead to an over-estimation of this *** particular,when fitting deterministic models to estimate the rate of spread,we do not account for the stochastic nature of epidemics and that,given the same system,some outbreaks may lead to epidemics and some may ***,an observed epidemic that we wish to control is a major *** amounts to implicit selection for major outbreaks which leads to the over-estimation *** formally characterised the split between major and minor outbreaks by using Otsu's method which provides us with a working *** show that by conditioning a‘deterministic’model on major outbreaks,we can more reliably estimate the basic reproduction number from an observed epidemic trajectory.

关键词： estimating R_(0) Simple birth-death process Major outbreak Conditioned epidemic Stochastic fade-out

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Deep Learning-Driven Data Curation and Model Interpretation for Smart Manufacturing

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical engineering 2021年第3期34卷 52-72页

作者： Jianjing Zhang robert X.Gao Department of Mechanical and Aerospace engineering Case Wester Reserve UniversityClevelandOH 44106-7222USA

Characterized by self-monitoring and agile adaptation to fast changing dynamics in complex production environments,smart manufacturing as envisioned under Industry 4.0 aims to improve the throughput and reliability of production beyond the *** the widespread application of deep learning(DL)has opened up new opportunities to accomplish the goal,data quality and model interpretability have continued to present a roadblock for the widespread acceptance of DL for real-world *** has motivated research on two fronts:data curation,which aims to provide quality data as input for meaningful DL-based analysis,and model interpretation,which intends to reveal the physical reasoning underlying DL model outputs and promote trust from the *** paper summarizes several key techniques in data curation where breakthroughs in data denoising,outlier detection,imputation,balancing,and semantic annotation have demonstrated the effectiveness in information extraction from noisy,incomplete,insufficient,and/or unannotated *** highlighted are model interpretation methods that address the“black-box”nature of DL towards model transparency.

关键词： Deep learning Data curation Model interpretation

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evaluation of host resistance and fungicide application as tools for the management of root rot of field pea caused by Aphanomyces euteiches

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The Crop Journal 2019年第1期7卷 38-48页

作者： Longfei Wu Kan-Fa Chang Sheau-Fang Hwang robert Conner Rudolph Fredua-Agyeman David Feindel Stephen e.Strelkov Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science University of Alberta Crop Diversification Centre North Alberta Agriculture and Forestry Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Morden Research and Development Centre

Aphanomyces root rot(ARR) of field pea(Pisum sativum), caused by Aphanomyces euteiches, can cause severe root damage, wilting, and large yield losses under wet soil conditions. To identify ways to manage this disease, the effect of A. euteiches inoculum density on field pea was studied under greenhouse and field conditions in 2015 and 2016. Increases in inoculum density reduced seedling emergence, root nodulation, and plant vigor, and resulted in increased root rot severity in both field and greenhouse tests. Seed treatments with the fungicides Apron Advance(thiabendazole + fludioxonil + metalaxyl) + Vibrance(difenoconazole + metalaxylM + sedaxane), INTeGO Solo(ethaboxam), BAS 516F(boscalid + pyraclostrobin), BAS 720F(metalaxyl + pyraclostrobin + fluxapyroxad), and BAS 516F + BAS 720F(3:1) were evaluated for their efficacy against ARR. All seed treatments except Apron Advance + Vibrance reduced root rot severity under controlled conditions. BAS 516F, BAS 720F and INTeGO Solo improved plant vigor and all treatments reduced seedling blight to varying degrees under greenhouse conditions, but not in the field. A collection of 22 pea genotypes was evaluated for resistance to root rot in field plot experiments. Line 00–2067 showed the least severe root rot symptoms,whereas ‘Spring D' showed the lowest reduction in yield. The results suggest that there may be an opportunity to combine partial host resistance and fungicidal seed treatments to adequately manage ARR of field pea.

关键词： Aphanomyces euteiches Field pea Fungicides Inoculum density Resistance

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Genome of tetraploid sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) ‘Montmorency’ identifies three distinct ancestral Prunus genomes

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Horticulture Research 2023年第7期10卷 22-39页

作者： Charity Z.Goeckeritz Kathleen e.Rhoades Kevin L.Childs Amy F.Iezzoni robert VanBuren Courtney A.Hollender Department of Horticulture Michigan State University1066 Bogue StEast LansingMI 48824USA Department of Plant Biology Michigan State University612 Wilson RoadEast LansingMI 48824USA

Sour cherry(Prunus cerasus L.)is a valuable fruit crop in the Rosaceae family and a hybrid between progenitors closely related to extant Prunus fruticosa(ground cherry)and Prunus avium(sweet cherry).Here we report a chromosome-scale genome assembly for sour cherry cultivar Montmorency,the predominant cultivar grown in the *** also generated a draft assembly of *** to use alongside a published *** sequence for syntelog-based subgenome assignments for‘Montmorency’and provide compelling evidence *** is also an *** hierarchal k-mer clustering and phylogenomics,we show‘Montmorency’is trigenomic,containing two distinct subgenomes inherited from a ***-like ancestor(A and A’)and two copies of the same subgenome inherited from a ***-like ancestor(BB).The genome composition of‘Montmorency’is AA’BB and little-to-no recombination has occurred between progenitor subgenomes(A/A’and B).In Prunus,two known classes of genes are important to breeding strategies:the self-incompatibility loci(S-alleles),which determine compatible crosses,successful fertilization,and fruit set,and the Dormancy Associated MADS-box genes(DAMs),which strongly affect dormancy transitions and flowering *** S-alleles and DAMs in‘Montmorency’and *** were manually annotated and support subgenome ***,the hybridization event‘Montmorency’is descended from was estimated to have occurred less than 1.61 million years ago,making sour cherry a relatively recent ***‘Montmorency’genome highlights the evolutionary complexity of the genus Prunus and will inform future breeding strategies for sour cherry,comparative genomics in the Rosaceae,and questions regarding neopolyploidy.

关键词： Prunus cherry breeding

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Physical mechanism of “slow light” in stimulated Brillouin scattering

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Frontiers of Optoelectronics 2010年第1期3卷 22-32页

作者： Valeri I.KOVALeV robert G.HARRISON Nadezhda e.KOTOVA Department of Physics Heriot-Watt University P.N.Lebedev Physical Institute Russian Academy of Sciences

We show from analytical analysis of the basic stimulated Brillouin scattering(SBS) equations in the time domain that the SBS amplification process does not amplify an external Stokes pulse and therefore cannot induce group delay of the Stokes pulse as claimed in the literature. Rather, the delayed output Stokes pulse is the pump radiation reflected by the induced acoustic wave, the amplitude of which determines the rate of the amplification process and time delay of the pulse. The latter is predominantly a consequence of the SBS buildup process determined by the inertia of the acoustic wave *** solutions of the SBS equations in the frequency domain show that spectral broadening of the pump radiation leads to only negligible broadening of the SBS spectral bandwidth and so does not provide an effective means to achieve broadband pulse delay.

关键词： stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) pulse delay acoustic wave inertia spectral bandwidth

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A Partial Differential Inequality in Geological Models

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2007年第6期28卷 709-736页

作者： robert eYMARD Thierry GALLOUeT Université Paris-est 5 boulevard DescartesF-77454 Marne-la-ValléeFrance. Université de Marseille 39 rue Joliot CurieF-13453 Marseille 13France.

Sedimentation and erosion processes in sedimentary basins can be modeled by a parabolic equation with a limiter on the fluxes and a constraint on the time variation. This limiter happens to satisfy a stationary scalar hyperbolic inequality, within a constraint, for which the authors prove the existence and the uniqueness of the solution. Actually, this solution is shown to be the maximal element of a convenient convex set of functions. The existence proof is obtained thanks to the use of a numerical scheme.

关键词： Hyperbolic inequalities erosion and sedimentation models

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