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Can Modern Science Answer the Great Questions?

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Journal of earth Science 2022年第5期33卷 1330-1332页

作者： robert e.Criss Anne M.Hofmeister Dept.earth and Planetary Science Washington UniversitySt.LouisMO63130USA

0 INTRODUCTION Crucial issues facing us are whether current practices prohibit today’s scientists from answering great questions,and how to sufficiently educate the greater population so that scientific methods and f... 详细信息

关键词： Great finding facing

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A scheme for simulating multi-level phase change photonics materials

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npj Computational Materials 2021年第1期7卷 1670-1679页

作者： Yunzheng Wang Jing Ning Li Lu Michel Bosman robert e.Simpson Singapore University of Technology and Design(SUTD) 8 Somapah Road487372 SingaporeSingapore Department of Materials Science and engineering National University of Singapore9 Engineering Drive 1117575 SingaporeSingapore

Chalcogenide phase change materials(PCMs)have been extensively applied in data storage,and they are now being proposed for high resolution displays,holographic displays,reprogrammable photonics,and all-optical neural *** wide-ranging applications all exploit the radical property contrast between the PCMs’different structural phases,extremely fast switching speed,long-term stability,and low energy *** PCM photonic devices requires an accurate model to predict the response of the device during phase ***,we describe an approach that accurately predicts the microstructure and optical response of phase change materials during laser induced *** framework couples the Gillespie Cellular Automata approach for modelling phase transitions with effective medium theory and Fresnel *** accuracy of the approach is verified by comparing the PCM’s optical response and microstructure evolution with the results of nanosecond laser switching *** anticipate that this approach to simulating the switching response of PCMs will become an important component for designing and simulating programmable photonics *** method is particularly important for predicting the multi-level optical response of PCMs,which is important for all-optical neural networks and PCM-programmable perceptrons.

关键词： phase neural microstructure

The emerging role of zinc transporters in cellular homeostasisand cancer

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2017年第1期2卷 144-155页

作者： elizabeth Bafaro Yuting Liu Yan Xu robert e Dempski Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Worcester Polytechnic InstituteWorcesterMassachusettsUSA Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA

Zinc is an essential micronutrient that plays a role in the structural or enzymatic functions of many cellular *** zinc homeostasis involves the opposing action of two families of metal transporters:the ZnT(SLC30)family that functions to reduce cytoplasmic zinc concentrations and the ZIP(SLC39)family that functions to increase cytoplasmic zinc *** in intracellular zinc levels mediated by these transporter families affect signaling pathways involved in normal cell development,growth,differentiation and ***,changes in zinc transporter localization and function resulting in zinc dyshomeostasis have pathophysiological *** dyshomeostasis has been implicated in the progression of *** we review recent progress toward understanding the structural basis for zinc transport by ZnT and ZIP family proteins,as well as highlight the roles of zinc as a signaling molecule in physiological conditions and in various *** zinc is emerging as an important signaling molecule in the development and progression of cancer,the ZnT and ZIP transporters that regulate cellular zinc homeostasis are promising candidates for targeted cancer therapy.

关键词： homeostasis cancer Zinc

Spatial sampling of terahertz fields with sub-wavelength accuracy via probe-beam encoding

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Light(Science & Applications) 2019年第1期8卷 680-687页

作者： Jiapeng Zhao Yiwen e Kaia Williams Xi-Cheng Zhang robert W.Boyd The Institute of Optics University of RochesterRochesterNY 14627USA Department of Physics University of OttawaOttawaON K1N 6N5Canada

Recently,computational sampling methods have been implemented to spatially characterize terahertz(THz)*** methods usually rely on either specialized THz devices such as THz spatial light modulators or complicated systems requiring assistance from photon-excited free carriers with high-speed synchronization among multiple optical ***,by spatially encoding an 800-nm near-infrared(NIR)probe beam through the use of an optical SLM,we demonstrate a simple sampling approach that can probe THz fields with a single-pixel *** design does not require any dedicated THz devices,semiconductors or nanofilms to modulate THz *** computational algorithms,we successfully measure 128×128 field distributions with a 62-μm transverse spatial resolution,which is 15 times smaller than the central wavelength of the THz signal(940μm).Benefitting from the noninvasive nature of THz radiation and sub-wavelength resolution of our system,this simple approach can be used in applications such as biomedical sensing,inspection of flaws in industrial products,and so on.

关键词： synchronization beam spatially

PCP-ed: Parallel coordinate plots for ensemble data

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Visual Informatics 2023年第1期7卷 56-65页

作者： elif e.Firat Ben Swallow robert S.Laramee University of Nottingham UK University of Glasgow UK

The Parallel Coordinate Plot(PCP)is a complex visual design commonly used for the analysis of high-dimensional *** data size and complexity may make it challenging to decipher and uncover trends and outliers in a confined space.A dense PCP image resulting from overlapping edges may cause patterns to be *** develop techniques aimed at exploring the relationship between data dimensions to uncover trends in dense *** introduce correlation glyphs in the PCP view to reveal the strength of the correlation between adjacent axis pairs as well as an interactive glyph lens to uncover links between data dimensions by investigating dense areas of edge *** also present a subtraction operator to identify differences between two similar multivariate data sets and relationship-guided dimensionality reduction by collapsing axis *** finally present a case study of our techniques applied to ensemble data and provide feedback from a domain expert in epidemiology.

关键词： Parallel coordinates Overplotting ensemble data

High Impact Polylactide Based on Organosilicon Nucleation Agent

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2024年第6期42卷 787-797页

作者： Daria Pakuła Bogna Sztorch eliza Romańczuk-Ruszuk Bogdan Marciniec robert e.Przekop Faculty of Chemistry Adam Mickiewicz University in PoznańUniwersytetu Poznańskiego 861-614PoznańPoland Centre for Advanced Technologies Adam Mickiewicz University in PoznańUniwersytetu Poznańskiego 1061-614PoznańPoland Institute of Biomedical engineering Faculty of Mechanical EngineeringBialystok University of TechnologyWiejska 45C15-351BialystokPoland

Various sectors of the industry are searching for new materials with specific requirements,providing improved *** study presents novel composite materials based on polylactide that have been modified with the organosilicon compound,(3-thiopropyl)polysilsesquioxane(SSQ-SH).The SSQ-SH compound is a mixture of cage structures and not fully condensed random *** composite materials were obtained through injection *** study includes a comprehensive characterization of the new materials that analyze their functional properties,such as rheology(MFR),mechanical strength(tensile strength,Charpy impact strength),and thermal *** microscopic photos were also taken to analyze the microstructure of the *** addition of a 5%by-weight organosilicon compound to polylactide resulted in a significant increase in MFR by 73.8%compared to the neat *** greatest improvement in impact strength was achieved for the 5%SSQ-SH/PLA composite,increasing it by 32.0 kJ/m^(2)compared to PLA,which represents an increase of up to 187%.The conducted research confirms the possibility of modifying the properties of the polymer by employing organosilicon compounds.

关键词： Octa(3-thiopropyl)silsesquioxane 8SH-POSS Polylactide(PLA) Injection moulding Composites

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The common developmental road: tensions among centripetal and centrifugal dynamics

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National Science Review 2018年第3期5卷 417-426页

作者： Zhongmin Xu Guodong Cheng robert e.Ulanowicz Xiaoyu Song Xiaohong Deng Fanglei Zhong Key Laboratory of ecohydrology of Inland River Basin Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Biology University of Florida Chesapeake Biological Laboratory University of Maryland

Western thought since the enlightenment has been predominantly linear in scope, while eastern philosophy has focused mostly on the cyclical. Recent advances in complex systems, however, have highlighted the importance of cycles in nature, thereby opening an avenue for new common endeavors. This analysis centers on the role of autocatalytic loops and addresses the evolutionary relationship between competition and cooperation. It posits an evolutionary chain running from individual competition, to individual cooperation, to collective competition, to deep cooperation. We identify the centripetality that is consequent to autocatalysis and define three types of centrifugalities. Development is defined in the context of the tension between these opposing directions. Finally, we propose an evolutionary process consisting of four stages:(i) autognosis,(ii) autocatalytic loop formation,(iii) self-control and(iv) self-realization(sensu Taoism). The developmental narrative promises to become a useful tool for facilitating communication between eastern and Western cultures.

关键词： development evolution autocatalytic loop centripetality centrifugality

MAGNeTIC ReSONANCe OF CHINeSe COALS

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Science China Mathematics 1988年第8期31卷 968-978页

作者：叶朝辉,robert A.WIND,GARY e.MACIeL Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics Wuhan Institute of Physics Academia Sinica Department of Chemistry Colorado State University USA. Department of Chemistry Colorado State University USA.

This paper studies ten Chinese coals at different ranks by means of cross polarization and magic angle spinning, combined rotation and multiple-pulse spectroscopy, and dynamic nuclear polarization. NMR is first reported. It is found that, compared with those obtained previously coat somples from other parts of the world, some Chinese coals at lower ranks display unusual characteristics, which imply peculiar chemical structures in the coals.

关键词： NMR of coals dynamic nuclear polarization high resolution NMR in solids aromaticity of coals.

How Does the Partitioning of evapotranspiration and Runoff between Different Processes Affect the Variability and Predictability of Soil Moisture and Precipitation?

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2003年第3期20卷 475-478页

作者： robert e.Dickinson Guiling WANG Xubin Zeng 曾庆存 Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 University of Connecticut Storrs CT Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 University of Arizona Tucson AZ Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080

Water stored as part of the land surface is lost to evapotranspiration and runoff on different time scales, and the partitioning between these time scales is important for modeling soil water in a climate model. Different time scales are imposed on evapotranspiration primarily because it is derived from different reservoirs with different storage capacities, from the very rapid evaporation of canopy stores to the slow removal by transpiration of rooting zone soil moisture. Runoff likewise ranges in time scale from rapid surface terms to the slower base-flow. The longest time scale losses of water determine the slow variation of soil moisture and hence the longer time scale effects of soil moisture on precipitation. This paper shows with a simple analysis how shifting the partitioning of evapotranspiration between the different reservoirs affects the variability of soil moisture and precipitation. In particular, it is concluded that a shift to shorter time scale reservoirs shifts the variance of precipitation from that which is potentially predictable to unpredictable.

关键词： evapotranspiration climate model land surface coupling

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