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Prof. robert S. Warren: come early, stay late and listen

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2020年第1期9卷 122-123页

作者：无 robert S.Warre HBSN the University of California School of Medicine

expert’s introduction robert ***,MD(Figure 1)is a Professor of Surgery in the University of California School of Medicine and a specialist in gastrointestinal and liver *** earned a medical degree at the University of Minnesota,where he completed a general surgery *** completing an oncology research fellowship at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York,***,joined UCSF Medical Center in 1988.A board-certified surgeon,he later became the Chief of Surgical Oncology at *** respected by his peers,*** was named to the list of ***"America’s Top Doctors",a distinction reserved for the top 1%of physicians in the nation for a given *** research focuses on the biology of colorectal cancer(CRC)and how it spreads.

关键词： Surgery Figure Warren

Retinoid X receptor α downregulation is required for tail and caudal spinal cord regeneration in the adult newt

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第6期13卷 1036-1045页

作者： Sarah e.Walker Rachel Nottrodt Lucas Maddalena Christopher Carter Gaynor e.Spencer robert L.Carlone Department of Biological Sciences Brock University Department of Geosciences University of Calgary Biomedical Sciences Cambridge University Pre-Health Sciences Department Niagara College

Some adult vertebrate species,such as newts,axolotls and zebrafish,have the ability to regenerate their central nervous system（CNS）.However,the factors that establish a permissive CNS environment for correct morphological and functional regeneration in these species are not well *** evidence supports a role for retinoid signaling in the intrinsic ability of neurons,in these regeneration-competent species,to regrow after CNS ***,we demonstrated that a specific retinoic acid receptor（RAR）subtype,RARβ,mediates the effects of endogenous retinoic acid（RA）on neuronal growth and guidance in the adult newt CNS after ***,we now examine the expression of the retinoid X receptor RXRα（a potential heterodimeric transcriptional regulator with RARβ）,in newt tail and spinal cord *** show that at 21 days post-amputation（dpa）,RXRαis expressed at temporally distinct periods and in non-overlapping spatial domains compared to RARβ.Whereas RARβprotein levels increase,RXRαproteins level decrease by 21 dpa.A selective agonist for RXR,SR11237,prevents both this downregulation of RXRαand upregulation of RARβand inhibits tail and caudal spinal cord ***,treatment with a selective antagonist for RARβ,Le135,inhibits regeneration with the same morphological consequences as treatment with ***,Le135 treatment also inhibits the normal downregulation of RXRαin tail and spinal cord tissues at 21 *** results reveal a previously unidentified,indirect regulatory feedback loop between these two receptor subtypes in regulating the regeneration of tail and spinal cord tissues in this regeneration-competent newt.

关键词： retinoid X receptor spinal cord regeneration newt retinoic acid ependymoglia retinoic acid receptor

Reconsidering sex differences during place learning in tungara frogs

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Current Zoology 2019年第3期65卷 317-321页

作者： robert e.VeNTURA Yuxiang LIU Sabrina S.BURMeISTeR Department of Biology University of North Carolina Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA Department of Neuroscience University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX 75390 USA

In tungara frogs, female mate choice requires remembering the location and/or calls of preferred males who advertise from fixed positions within a breeding pond. A previous study found that, when solving a place discrimination task in the laboratory, female tCingara frogs were able to learn a visual cue to solve the task, whereas males were not. In that task, male performance appeared to be inhibited, in part, by their attempt to use egocentric cues. We tested whether the sex difference in place learning previously reported would generalize to other training parameters with different cues available by eliminating the potential to use egocentric cues and increasing the number of trials per day. As before, frogs were given a choice between a red or yellow door, one of which led to shelters and return to their home cage. In the current testing conditions, we detected a preference for the red door;thus, we only considered frogs rewarded to the yellow door. Training was associated with an in crease in correct choices and an in creased preference for the yellow door. However, there was no evide nee for a sex d iff ere nee in learni ng. In summary, un der the curre nt training conditions, we fou nd that the appare nt female advantage in place learning was no Ion ger evide nt. Future studies that in vestigate sex d iff ere nces in cue pref ere nee and/or ability to switch among cues will further illuminate the conditions under which sex differences in learning are manifest in tungara frogs.

关键词： allocentric cue egocentric cue local cue place learning tungara frog

Waist-to-height ratio as a predictor of serum testosterone in ageing men with symptoms of androgen deficiency

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2011年第3期13卷 424-431,512页

作者： Carolyn A Allan Roger e Peverill Boyd JG Strauss elise A Forbes robert I McLachlan Prince Henry＇s Institute Clayton Vic. 3168 Australia Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Monash University Clayton Vic. 3168 Australia Cardiovascular Research Centre MonashHeart Monash University Department of Medicine （MMC） Clayton Vic. 3168 Australia Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism Unit Monash Medical Centre and Monash University Department of Medicine Clayton Vic. 3168 Australia

The decline in serum testosterone in ageing men may be mediated in part by obesity; however, it is uncertain which measure of adiposity is most closely associated with testosterone levels. We have examined the relationships of age, adiposity and testosterone levels in ageing men with symptoms consistent with hypoandrogenism but who were otherwise in good health. We conducted a cross-sectional study of non-smoking men aged ≥ 54 years recruited from the community and who were free of cancer or serious medical illness. Height （Ht）, weight and waist circumference （WC） were measured, and body mass index （BMI） and waist-to-height （WHt） ratio were calculated. Two morning blood samples were collected for measurement of total testosterone （TT）, sex hormone binding globulin （SHBG） and luteinizing hormone （LH）. Free testosterone （cFT） was calculated. Multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to assess their relationship with measures of adiposity. Two hundred and seven men aged 54-86 years were studied. On univariate analysis WHt ratio was more strongly correlated with TI＂ and cFT than either WC or BMI. Furthermore, in models of TT and cFT, the addition of Ht to WC resulted in an increase in the magnitude of the regression coefficients for both WC （inverse correlate） and Ht （positive correlate）, with the contributions of both WC and Ht both being significant （P〈0.05 for all）. In conclusion, WHt ratio is the best anthropometric predictor of both TT and cFT in this group of healthy but symptomatic ageing men.

关键词： Ageing androgen male obesity

Phase-selective graphene oxide membranes for advanced microfluidic flow control

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2016年第1期2卷 256-262页

作者： Jennifer Gaughran David Boyle James Murphy robert Kelly Jens Ducrée School of Physical Sciences Dublin City UniversityDublin 9Ireland Biomedical Diagnostics Institute Dublin City UniversityDublin 9Ireland

For the first time,we harness the unique phase-selectivity of chip-integrated graphene oxide(GO)membranes to significantly enhance flow control on centrifugal microfluidic *** this paper,we present novel processes for the assembly of these GO membranes into polymeric microfluidic systems and demonstrate that multilayer GO membranes allow the passage of water while blocking pressurized air and organic solutions.

关键词： centrifugal microfluidics flow control graphene oxide membranes solvent selectivity

Bedrock aquifers and population growth in the Denver Basin, Colorado, USA

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episodes 2007年第2期30卷 115-118页

作者： John e. Moore robert G. Raynoldse Marieke Dechesne U.S. Geological Survey Denver Colorado USA. Denver Museum of Nature ＆ Science Denver Colorado USA.

The Denver Basin bedrock aquifer system consists of Tertiary and Cretaceous age sedimentary rocks known as the Dawson, Denver, Arapahoe and Laramie-Fox Hills aquifers. The number of bedrock wells has increased from 12,000 in 1985 to over 33,700 in 2001 and the withdrawal of groundwater has caused water level declines in excess of 75 meters. Water level declines now range from 3 to 12 meters per year in the critical Arapahoe Aquifer. The groundwater supplies were once thought to be sufficient for 100 years but there is concern that they may be depleted in 10 to 15 years in areas on the west side of the basin. Groundwater is being mined from the aquifer system because the withdrawal through wells exceeds the rate of recharge. Increased groundwater withdrawal will cause further water level declines, increased costs to pump groundwater, and reduced yield from existing wells. In the Denver Basin, hydrologists have some capability to monitor declines in water levels for the Arapaho Aquifer, but generally have a limited ability to monitor water use. More complete and accurate water use data are needed to predict groundwater longevity for the Arapahoe Aquifer. The life of the Arapahoe Aquifer can be extended with artificial recharge using imported surface water, water reuse, restrictions on lawn watering, well permit restrictions and other conservation measures. Availability of groundwater may limit growth in the Denver Basin over the next 20 years unless residents are willing to pay for additional new sources of supply.

关键词：基岩含水层丹佛盆地美国

Cancer stem cell plasticity and tumor hierarchy

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2015年第1期7卷 27-36页

作者： Marina Carla Cabrera robert e Hollingsworth elaine M Hurt MedImmune LLC Department of Oncology ResearchGaithersburg MD 20878 United States

The origins of the complex process of intratumoral heterogeneity have been highly debated and different cellular mechanisms have been hypothesized to account for the diversity within a tumor. The clonal evolution and cancer stem cell(CSC) models have been proposed as drivers of this heterogeneity. However, the concept of cancer stem cell plasticity and bidirectional conversion between stem and non-stem cells has added additional complexity to these highly studied paradigms and may help explain the tumor heterogeneity observed in solid tumors. The process of cancer stem cell plasticity in which cancer cel s harbor the dynamic ability of shifting from a non-CSC state to a CSC state and vice versa may be modulated by specific microenvironmental signals and cellular interactions arising in the tumor niche. In addition to promoting CSC plasticity, these interactions may contribute to the cellular transformation of tumor cells and affect response to chemotherapeutic and radiation treatments by providing CSCs protection from these agents. Herein, we review the literature in support of this dynamic CSC state, discuss the effectors of plasticity, and examine their role in the development and treatment of cancer.

关键词： Cancer stem cells Stem cell Plasticity Tumor hierarchy Microenvironment Immune-mediatedtherapies epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition

Magnetic Flux Controllers for Induction Heating Applications

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材料热处理学报 2004年第5期25卷 567-572页

作者： Valentin Nemkov robert Goldstein robert Ruffini FluxtroUCentre for Induction Technology USAFluxtroUCentre for Induction Technology USAFluxtroUCentre for Induction Technology USA

Application of magnetic flux controllers/concentrators to induction heating coils can drastically improve the process efficiency and heat pattern control. Presentation includes: benefits provided by flux controllers, materials available for controllers, application techniques, computer assisted design of induction coils with concentrators, examples of applications. Depending on induction system design, magnetic flux controllers can concentrate heating in a specified area, change heat source distribution and shield a particular part zone or external area preventing unintended eddy current heating. Besides of the coil efficiency improvement and optimal power distribution, magnetic flux controllers reduce the coil current demand from a supplying circuitry thus strongly reducing losses in busswork, cables, transformers and inverter components. Improvement that can be achieved due to magnetic flux controllers is case dependable. 2D and 3D computer simulation allows the designer to predict accurately effect of controllers on the coil parameters and temperature distribution and optimize the whole electromagnetic system. Special attention in presentation is paid to new magnetodielectric materials optimized for induction heating conditions. These materials have high magnetic permeability and saturation flux density, excellent machinability, good chemical and temperature resistance. Concentrators from these materials can work in a wide range of frequencies and specific powers. examples of magnetic flux controller application include surface hardening of shafts and gears, induction surface hardfacing and brazing.

关键词：热处理感应器磁通量计算机模拟

Multi-stream join answering for mining significant cross-stream correlations

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2012年第2期6卷 131-142页

作者： robert GWADeRA IBM Zurich Research Laboratory Säumerstrasse 4CH-8803 RüschlikonSwitzerland

Sliding-window multi-stream join （SWMJ） is a fundamental operation for correlating information from dif- ferent streams. We provide a solution to the problem of as- sessing significance of the SWMJ result by focusing on the relative frequency of windows satisfying a given equijoin predicate as the most important parameter of the SWMJ re- suit. In particular, we derive a formula for computing the expected relative frequency of windows satisfying a given equijoin predicate that can be. evaluated in quadratic time in the window size given a proposed probabilistic model of the multi-stream. In experiments conducted on a daily rain- fall data set we demonstrate the remarkable accuracy of our method, which confirms our theoretical analysis.

关键词： probabilistic data streams stream summariza-tion stream sketch window aggregate queries