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Prograde and retrograde growth of monazite in migmatites:An example from the Nagercoil Block,southern India

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Geoscience Frontiers 2015年第3期6卷 373-387页

作者： Tim e.Johnson Chris clark Richard J.M.Taylor M.Santosh Alan S.Collins Department of Applied Geology The Institute for Geoscience Research(TIGeR)Curtin University School of the earth Sciences and Resources China University of Geosciences(Beijing) Tectonics Resources and Exploration(TRaX)Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of Adelaide

Data from a migmatised metapelite raft enclosed within charnockite provide quantitative constraints on the pressure-temperature-time （P-T-t） evolution of the Nagercoil Block at the southernmost tip of peninsular India. An inferred peak metamorphic assemblage of garnet, K-feldspar, sillimanite, plagioclase, magnetite, ilmenite, spinel and melt is consistent with peak metamorphic pressures of 6-8 kbar and temperatures in excess of 900 ℃. Subsequent growth of cordierite and biotite record high-temperature retrograde decompression to around 5 kbar and 800 ℃. SHRIMP U-Pb dating of magmatic zircon cores suggests that the sedimentary protoliths were in part derived from felsic igneous rocks with Palae- oproterozoic crystallisation ages. New growth of metamorphic zircon on the rims of detrital grains constrains the onset of melt crystallisation, and the minimum age of the metamorphic peak, to around 560 Ma. The data suggest two stages of monazite growth. The first generation of Ree-enriched monazite grew during partial melting along the prograde path at around 570 Ma via the incongruent breakdown of apatite. Relatively Ree-depleted rims, which have a pronounced negative europium anomaly, grew during melt crystallisation along the retrograde path at around 535 Ma. Our data show the rocks remained at suprasolidus temperatures for at least 35 million years and probably much longer, supporting a long-lived high-grade metamorphic history. The metamorphic conditions, timing and duration of the implied clockwise P-T-t path are similar to that previously established for other regions in peninsular India during the ediacaran to Cambrian assembly of that part of the Gondwanan supercontinent.

关键词： Monazire Migmatite Zircon Geochronology Phase equilibria modelling Gondwana

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MeSOSCALe SPeCTRA OF THe FRee ATMOSPHeRIC MOTION IN MID-LATITUDe SUMMeR-UNIVeRSALITY AND CONTRIBUTION OF THUNDeRSTORM ACTIVITIeS

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 1987年第1期4卷 105-112页

作者：吕达仁,T.e. VanZandt,W.L. clark Institute of Atmospheric Physics Academia Sinica Beijing NOAA/Aeronomy Laboratory Boulder CO. 80303 U.S.A. NOAA/Aeronomy Laboratory Boulder CO. 80303 U.S.A.

Meridional and vertical wind velocities of the free atmosphere were observed continuously in mid-latitude summer of 1981 by using Platteville ST radar in the eastern Colorado plains in order to obtain the mesoscale spectra. Power spectra were obtained for both meridional and vertical components at heights of 3.3-7.9 km for meridional and 3.3-17.7 km for vertical. Results show that the "-5/3 law" is a good fit to "meridional" spectra for wave periods ranging from3hr to 2 days which are consistent with other published observations and give further evidence to the existence of a universal -5/3 law in mesoscale atmospheric motions. Results also show that for wave periods shorter than 3 hr （to about 10 min）, the spectra obviously depart from the -5/3 law and reflect the significant contribution of thunderstorm activities which frequently happen in the mid-latitude summer. Mesoscale spectra of vertical velocity show some characteristics of gravity waves. The mechanism of the observed spectra is discussed.

关键词： MeSOSCALe SPeCTRA OF THe FRee ATMOSPHeRIC MOTION IN MID-LATITUDe SUMMeR-UNIVeRSALITY AND CONTRIBUTION OF THUNDeRSTORM ACTIVITIeS

fRAP 2.0:a community engagement method applied to cervical cancer disparities among Hispanic women

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2024年第S2期12卷 44-57页

作者： Autumn M Kieber-emmons Susan e Hansen Michael Topmiller Jaskaran Grewal Carlos roberto Jaen Benjamin F Crabtree William L Miller Department of Family Medicine Lehigh Valley Health NetworkAllentownPennsylvaniaUSA College of Medicine USFTampaFloridaUSA Lehigh Valley Health Network AllentownPennsylvaniaUSA American Academy of Family Physicians-Health Landscape CincinattiOHUSA Lafayette College EastonPennsylvaniaUSA UT Health San Antonio San AntonioTexasUSA Rutgers robert Wood Johnson Medical School PiscatawayNew JerseyUSA Cancer Institute of New Jersey New BrunswickNew JerseyUSA

focused Rapid Assessment Process(fRAP)2.0 is a community engagement approach combining geospatial mapping with rapid qualitative assessment in cyclical fashion within communities to capture multifactorial and multilevel features impacting primary care *** 2.0 offers primary care researchers a methodology framework for exploring complex community features that impact primary healthcare delivery and *** fRAP 2.0 study design expands the fRAP from a sequential design to a cyclical process of geospatial mapping and rapid qualitative assessment in search of modifiable contextual *** participants are stakeholders from various socioecological levels whose perspectives inform study outcomes that they may use to then become the agents of change for the very problems they helped ***,we present a proof-of-concept study for fRAP 2.0 examining disparities in cervical cancer mortality rates among Hispanic women in *** primary outcomes of interest are features at the community level,medical health system level and regional government policy levels that offer opportunities for collaborative interventions to improve cervical cancer *** this study,geospatial mapping of county and ZIP code-level variables impacting postdiagnosis cervical cancer care at community,medical and policy levels were created using publicly available data and then overlaid with maps created with Texas Cancer Registry data for cervical cancer cases in three of the largest population *** disparate areas were then qualitatively explored using participant observation and ethnographic field work,alongside 39 key informant *** discussion groups and stakeholder engagement existed at every phase of the *** the fRAP 2.0 method,we created an action-oriented roadmap of next steps to improve cervical cancer care disparities in the three Texas counties with emphasis on the high disparity *** identified local change

关键词： cervical qualitative policy

Host and viral factors contributing to CD8+ T cell failure in hepatitis C virus infection

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第36期13卷 4839-4847页

作者： Christoph Neumann-Haefelin Hans Christian Spangenberg Hubert e Blum robert Thimme Department of Medicine Ⅱ University Hospital Freiburg Germany

Virus-specific CD8+ T cells are thought to be the major anti-viral effector cells in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Indeed, viral clearance is associated with vigorous CD8+ T cell responses targeting multiple epitopes. In the chronic phase of infection, HCV-specific CD8+ T cell responses are usually weak, narrowly focused and display often functional defects regarding cytotoxicity, cytokine production, and proliferative capacity. In the last few years, different mechanisms which might contribute to the failure of HCV-specific CD8+ T cells in chronic infection have been identified, including insufficient CD4+ help, deficient CD8+ T cell differentiation, viral escape mutations, suppression by viral factors, inhibitory cytokines, inhibitory ligands, and regulatory T cells. In addition, host genetic factors such as the host’s human leukocyte antigen (HLA) background may play an important role in the efficiency of the HCV- specific CD8+ T cell response and thus outcome of infection. The growing understanding of the mechanisms contributing to T cell failure and persistence of HCV infection will contribute to the development of successful immunotherapeutical and -prophylactical strategies.

关键词： Hepatitis C virus CD8+ T cells T cell failure Viral escape Programmed death 1 Regulatory T cells T cell maturation Human leukocyte antigen

Hepatic failure caused by plasma cell infiltration in multiple myeloma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第16期15卷 2038-2040页

作者： Fadi e Rahhal robert R Schade Asha Nayak Teresa A Coleman Section of Gastroenterology Department of MedicineMedical College of GeorgiaSchool of Medicine Section of Hematology/Oncology Department of MedicineMedical College of GeorgiaSchool of Medicine

Although plasma cell infiltration is not rare in autopsy of patients with multiple myeloma （MM）, it is very rarely detected in living patients. This is because MM rarely causes significant liver dysfunction that requires further evaluation. A 49-year-old man presented with acute renal failure and was diagnosed with kappa light chain MM stageⅡB. Thalidomide and dexamethasone were initiated. The patient developed a continuous increase in bilirubin that led to severe cholestasis. A liver biopsy revealed plasma cell infiltration. He then rapidly progressed to liver failure and died. Treatment options are limited in MM with significant liver dysfunction. Despite new drug therapies in MM, those patients with rapidly progressive liver failure appear to have a dismal outcome.

关键词： Hepatic failure Multiple myeloma Cell infiltration

PCP-ed: Parallel coordinate plots for ensemble data

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Visual Informatics 2023年第1期7卷 56-65页

作者： elif e.Firat Ben Swallow robert S.Laramee University of Nottingham UK University of Glasgow UK

The Parallel Coordinate Plot(PCP)is a complex visual design commonly used for the analysis of high-dimensional *** data size and complexity may make it challenging to decipher and uncover trends and outliers in a confined space.A dense PCP image resulting from overlapping edges may cause patterns to be *** develop techniques aimed at exploring the relationship between data dimensions to uncover trends in dense *** introduce correlation glyphs in the PCP view to reveal the strength of the correlation between adjacent axis pairs as well as an interactive glyph lens to uncover links between data dimensions by investigating dense areas of edge *** also present a subtraction operator to identify differences between two similar multivariate data sets and relationship-guided dimensionality reduction by collapsing axis *** finally present a case study of our techniques applied to ensemble data and provide feedback from a domain expert in epidemiology.

关键词： Parallel coordinates Overplotting ensemble data

Reappraising the P-T evolution of the Rogaland-Vest Agder Sector,southwestern Norway

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Geoscience Frontiers 2017年第1期8卷 1-14页

作者： eleanore Blereau Tim e.Johnson Chris clark Richard J.M.Taylor Peter D.Kinny Martin Hand Department of Applied Geology The Institute for Geoscience Research(TIGeR)Curtin University Centre for Tectonics Resources and Exploration(TRaX)School of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Adelaide

The Rogaland-Vest Agder Sector of southwestern Norway comprises high-grade metamorphic rocks intruded by voluminous plutonic bodies that include the ~1000 km^2 Rogaland Igneous Complex（RIC）.New petrographic observations and thermodynamic phase equilibria modelling of three metapelitic samples collected at various distances（30 km,10 km and ~ 10 m） from one of the main bodies of RIC anorthosite were undertaken to assess two alternative P-T-t models for the metamorphic evolution of the *** results are consistent with a revised two-phase *** metamorphism followed a clockwise P-T path reaching peak conditions of ~ 850-950 ℃ and ~7-8 kbar at ~1035 Ma followed by high-temperature decompression to ~5 kbar at ~950 Ma,and resulted in extensive anatexis and melt loss to produce highly residual *** emplacement of the RIC at ~930 Ma caused regional-scale contact metamorphism that affected country rocks 10 km or more from their contact with the *** thermal overprint is expressed in the sample proximal to the anorthosite by replacement of sillimanite by coarse intergrowths of cordierite plus spinel and growth of a second generation of garnet,and in the intermediate（10 km） sample by replacement of sapphirine by coarse intergrowths of cordierite,spinel and *** formation of late biotite in the intermediate sample may suggest the rocks retained small quantities of melt produced by regional metamorphism and remained at temperatures above the solidus for up to 100 *** results are more consistent with an accretionary rather than a collisional model for the Sveconorwegian Orogen.

关键词： UHTPhase equilibria modellingRogaland Igneous ComplexTHeRMOCALCSveconorwegian Orogen

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Preclinical and clinical studies on cancer-associated cachexia

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Frontiers in Biology 2018年第1期13卷 11-18页

作者： D. Brooke Widner D. clark Files Kathryn e. Weaver Yusuke Shiozawa Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston-Salem NC 27157 USA Internal Medicine-Sections inPulmonaryand Critical Care Medicine and Geriatrics and the Critical Illness Injury and Recovery Research Center Wake Forest School of Medicine W~nston-Salem NC 27157 USA Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy and Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest University Wake Forest School of Medicine Wtnston-Salem NC 27157 USA

BACKGROUND： Cancer cachexia is the wasting condition that is often seen in advanced stage cancer patients. This wasting is largely attributable to a systemic and progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass that greatly hinders performance of normal daily activities, resulting in reduced quality of life. Moreover, it negatively influences the prognosis of cancer patients. A general consensus in the field is that the loss of muscle mass is due both to an increase in protein degradation and a decrease in protein synthesis. Recent studies using preclinical models for studying cachexia have been useful in identifying the contribution of inflammatory cytokines （e.g. tumor necrosis factor-a and Interleukin-6）, and myostatin receptors （e.g. the type IIB activin receptor） to cachexia development, and have led to several clinical trials. However, many questions remain about the molecular mechanisms thought to play a role in the development of cachexia. MeTHODS： We conducted a literature search using search engines, such as PubMed and Google Scholar to identify publications within the cancer cachexia field. ReSULTS- We summarized our current knowledge of： 1） the driving mechanisms of cancer cachexia, 2） the preclinical models available for studying the condition, and 3） the findings of recent clinical trials. CONCLUSION： Cancer cachexia is a complex and variable condition that currently has no standard effective therapeutic treatment. Further studies are desperately needed to better understand this condition and develop effective combination treatments for patients.

关键词： cancer cachexia muscle wasting bodyweight loss metabolic changes increased protein degradation decreased protein synthesis

The common developmental road: tensions among centripetal and centrifugal dynamics

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National Science Review 2018年第3期5卷 417-426页

作者： Zhongmin Xu Guodong Cheng robert e.Ulanowicz Xiaoyu Song Xiaohong Deng Fanglei Zhong Key Laboratory of ecohydrology of Inland River Basin Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Biology University of Florida Chesapeake Biological Laboratory University of Maryland

Western thought since the enlightenment has been predominantly linear in scope, while eastern philosophy has focused mostly on the cyclical. Recent advances in complex systems, however, have highlighted the importance of cycles in nature, thereby opening an avenue for new common endeavors. This analysis centers on the role of autocatalytic loops and addresses the evolutionary relationship between competition and cooperation. It posits an evolutionary chain running from individual competition, to individual cooperation, to collective competition, to deep cooperation. We identify the centripetality that is consequent to autocatalysis and define three types of centrifugalities. Development is defined in the context of the tension between these opposing directions. Finally, we propose an evolutionary process consisting of four stages:(i) autognosis,(ii) autocatalytic loop formation,(iii) self-control and(iv) self-realization(sensu Taoism). The developmental narrative promises to become a useful tool for facilitating communication between eastern and Western cultures.

关键词： development evolution autocatalytic loop centripetality centrifugality