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Correlations of Materials Surface Properties with Biological Responses

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Journal of Surface engineered Materials and Advanced Technology 2015年第1期5卷 42-51页

作者： robert e. Baier Industry/University Center for Biosurfaces 110 Parker Hall State University of New York at Buffalo Buffalo NY USA

More than 50 years have passed since it was first recognized that the surface properties, and predominantly the surface energies of materials controlled their interactions with all biological phases via their spontaneous acquisition of proteinaceous “conditioning films” of differing degrees of denaturation but usually of the same substances within any given system. This led to the understanding that useful engineering control of such interactions could thus be manifested through adjustments to those surface properties, giving significant control and utility to the biomaterials developer without requiring detailed discovery of the biological specifications of the components involved. Thus, effective selection of adhesive versus abhesive (non-stick, non-retention) outcomes for such useful appliances as dental implants versus substitute blood vessels, or water-resistant bonded structures versus clean, nontoxic ship bottoms is now facilitated with little biological background required. A historical overview is presented, followed by a brief survey of the forces involved and most useful analyses applied. Utility for blood-contacting materials is described in contrast to utility for bone- and tissue-contacting materials, demonstrating practical uses in controlling cell-surface interactions and preventing biofouling. New research directions being explored are noted, urging applications of this prior knowledge to replace the use of toxicants.

关键词： Surface Property Biological Response Adhesive Blood-Contacting Materials

Hypoxic training methods for improving endurance exercise performance

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2015年第4期4卷 325-332页

作者： Jacob A. Sinex robert e Chapman School of Public Health Department of Kinesiology Human Performance Laboratory Indiana University Bloomington IN 47401 USA

endurance athletic performance is highly related to a number of fiactors that can be altered through altitude and hypoxic training including increases in erythrocyte volume, maximal aerobic exercise capacity, capillary density, and economy. Physiological adaptations in response to acute and chronic exposure to hypoxic environments are well documented and range from short-term detrimental effects to longer-term adaptations that can improve performance at altitude and in sea-level competitions. Many altitude and hypoxic training protocols have been developed, employing various combinations of living and training at sea-level, low, moderate, and high altitudes and utilizing natural and artificial altitudes, with varying degrees of effectiveness. Several factors have been identified that are associated with individual responses to hypoxic training, and techniques for identifying those athletes most likely to benefit from hypoxic trairdng continue to be investigated. exposure to sufficiently high altitude （2000-3000 m） for more than 12 h/day, while training at lower altitudes, for a minimum of 21 days is recommended. Timing of altitude training related to competition remains under debate, although general recommendations can be considered.

关键词： Altitude Hypoxia Performance Training

Routine use of thiopurines in maintaining remission in pediatric Crohn's disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第27期20卷 9185-9190页

作者： Brendan M Boyle Michael D Kappelman Richard B Colletti robert N Baldassano David e Milov Wallace V Crandall Nationwide Children’s Hospital Department of Pediatrics University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University of Vermont Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Nemours Children’s Clinic

AIM: To evaluate the effectiveness of thiopurines in maintaining steroid-free remission in routine clinical practice.

关键词： Crohn's disease Pediatric Remission Thiopurines Mercaptopurine

Assessing the academic achievement of United States orthopaedic departments

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2022年第2期13卷 201-211页

作者： Rishi Trikha Thomas e Olson Ameen Chaudry Chad R Ishmael Cristina Villalpando clark J Chen Kellyn R Hori Nicholas M Bernthal Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90404United States Department of Orthopaedic Surgery David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCA 90095United States

BACKGROUND Assessing academic productivity allows academic departments to identify the strengths of their scholarly contribution and provides an opportunity to evaluate areas for *** To provide objective benchmarks for departments seeking to enhance academic productivity and identify those with significant improvement in recent *** Our study retrospectively analyzed a cohort of orthopaedic faculty at United States-based academic orthopaedic programs.5502 full-time orthopaedic faculty representing 178 programs were included in *** included for analysis were National Institutes of Health funding(2014-2018),leadership positions in orthopaedic societies(2018),editorial board positions of top orthopaedic journals(2018),total number of publications and Hirsch-index.A weighted algorithm was used to calculate a cumulative score for each academic *** study was performed at a large,United States medical *** All 178 programs included in analysis were evaluated using the comprehensive weighted *** five institutions with the highest cumulative score,in decreasing order,were:Washington University in ***,the Hospital for Special Surgery,Sidney Kimmel Medical College(SKMC)at Thomas Jefferson University,the University of California,San Francisco(UCSF)and Massachusetts General Hospital(MGH)/Brigham and Women’s/*** five institutions with the highest score per capita,in decreasing order,were:Mayo Clinic(Rochester),Washington University in ***,Rush University,Virginia Commonwealth University(VCU)and MGH/Brigham and Women’s/*** five academic programs that had the largest improvement in cumulative score from 2013 to 2018,in decreasing order,were:VCU,SKMC at Thomas Jefferson University,UCSF,MGH/Brigham and Women’s/Harvard,and Brown *** This algorithm can provide orthopaedic departments a means to assess academic productivity,monitor progress,and identify areas for improvement as th

关键词： Bibliometrics Academic achievement Number of publications National Institutes of Health funding Hirsch-index

Development of a symptom expectation questionnaire for minor head injury

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2011年第6期12卷 499-502页

作者： robert FeRRARI Deon LOUW Department of Medicine University of AlbertaEdmonton

Background and objective:expectations and beliefs are important predictors of outcome following minor head *** this paper,the primary purpose is to develop a simple symptom expectation questionnaire for minor head injury for use in future research ***:An existing database of 179 injury-naive subjects who completed a 56-item checklist of expected symptoms for minor head injury was analyzed to determine which items could correctly identify an a priori case definition of an expecter (a subject who expected at least one of these symptoms would remain chronic following minor head injury).A total of six of the 56 items were found to be discriminatory,and these were tested in additional subject groups against the original ***:From the original database of 179 subjects completing a 56-item symptom expectation checklist,135 expected that at least one of the 56 symptoms would be chronic following minor head *** 135 expecters,however,all chose at least one of six items:headache,anxious or worried,depressed,difficulty concentrating,dizziness,and neck *** these six items,in two new groups of subjects,all those who endorsed one of the 56 symptoms as likely to be chronic following minor head injury (expecters) could also be identified on the 6-item ***:A shortened (6-item) symptom expectation checklist of commonly reported symptoms following minor head injury (headache,anxious or worried,depressed,difficulty concentrating,dizziness,and neck pain) correctly identifies subjects who expect that at least one symptom will be chronic following minor head injury (i.e.,an expecter).

关键词： Minor head iniurv expectation Outcomes

Pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer:A case of the chicken or the egg

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第23期27卷 3148-3157页

作者： Devica S Umans Sanne A Hoogenboom Noor J Sissingh Selma J Lekkerkerker robert C Verdonk Jeanin e van Hooft Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Amsterdam Gastroenterology and MetabolismAmsterdam UMCAmsterdam 1105 AZThe Netherlands Department of Research and Development St.Antonius HospitalNieuwegein 3430 EMThe Netherlands Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Leiden University Medical CenterLeiden 2333 ZAThe Netherlands Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology St.Antonius HospitalNieuwegein 3430 EMThe Netherlands

Acute pancreatitis(AP),chronic pancreatitis(CP)and pancreatic cancer are three distinct pancreatic diseases with different prognoses and treatment ***,it may be difficult to differentiate between benign and malignant *** may be a first symptom of pancreatic cancer,particularly in patients between the ages of 56 and 75 with presumed idiopathic AP who had a concomitant diagnosis of new-onset diabetes mellitus or patients who present with CP at diagnosis of *** these patients,additional imaging is warranted,preferably by endoscopic *** may lead to pancreatic cancer through oncogenic mutations,mostly in patients with hereditary CP,and in patients in whom risk factors for pancreatic cancer(e.g.,nicotine and alcohol abuse)are also *** with PRSS1-mediated CP and patients with a history of autosomal dominant hereditary CP without known genetic mutations may be considered for surveillance for pancreatic *** inflammation may mimic pancreatic cancer by appearing as a focal mass-forming lesion on *** between the above mentioned benign and malignant disease may be facilitated by specific features like the duct-penetrating sign and the duct-to-parenchyma *** efforts are aimed towards developing a superior discriminant between pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer in the form of imaging modalities or *** may aid clinicians in timely diagnosing pancreatic cancer in a potentially curable stage.

关键词： Pancreatic diseases Pancreatic neoplasms Pancreatitis Pancreas Chronic Pancreatitis exocrine pancreatic

Depression, anxiety, and cardiac morbidity outcomes after coronary artery bypass surgery： a contemporary and practical review

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2012年第2期9卷 197-208页

作者： Phillip J Tully robert A Baker Department of Surgery Flinders Medical Centre and Flinders University of South Australia 3 Flinders Drive Bedford Park SA 5042 Australia School of Psychology University of Adelaide Hughes Building North Terrace Adelaide SA 5005 Australia Discipline of Psychiatry The University of Adelaide Eleanor Harold Building Frome Road Adelaide SA 5005 Australia Heart Failure Self Management Program Ambulatory and Primary Healthcare Directorate Hampstead Rehabilitation Centre 207 Hampstead Road Northfield SA 5085 Australia

Research to date indicates that the number of coronary artery bypass graft （CABG） surgery patients affected by depression （i.e., major, minor, dysthymia） approximates between 30% and 40% of all cases. A longstanding empirical interest on psychosocial factors in CABG surgery patients highlights an association with increased risk of morbidity in the short and longer term. Recent evidence suggests that both depression and anxiety increase the risk for mortality and morbidity after CABG surgery independent of medical factors, although the behavioral and biological mechanisms are poorly understood. Though neither depression nor anxiety seem to markedly affect neuropsy- chological dysfunction, depression confers a risk for incident delirium. Following a comprehensive overview of recent literature, practical advice is described for clinicians taking into consideration possible screening aids to improve recognition of anxiety and depression among CABG surgery patients. An overview of contemporary interventions and randomized, controlled trials are described, along with suggestions for future CABG surgery research.

关键词： Depression Depressive disorder Coronary artery bypass Coronary artery disease Antidepressive agents Anxiety

Tectonic Implications of Paleomagnetic Results From Upper Silurian Series Along the Hexi Corridor, Gansu, China

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Science China Chemistry 1993年第6期36卷 720-728页

作者：孟自芳 robert S. Coe Lanzhou Institute of Geology Academia Sinica Lanzhou 730000 PRC University of California at Santa Cruz USA

Characteristic directions of remanent magnetization of 38 samples from Upper Silurian Series (Hanxia Formation) along the Hexi Corridor passed fold test at a 99% confidence level. The corresponding paleopole is located at 45.1°N, 5.5°e (A_(95)= 4.7°, κ=25.1), close to the Late Permian pole for this area (41.4°N, 358.6°e; A_(95)= 4.3°, κ=26.6). However, there appears an obvious difference between paleolatitudes for these two stages (6°±). Based on paleomagnetic data, it can be deduced that the Hexi Corridor had probably been the western extension of the North China Block by the time of Late Silurian and kept being tectonically mobile compared with the principal parts of the North China Block. In addition, paleomagnetic data reveal that the Hexi Corridor experienced a southward displacement of about 600 km during the Late Paleozoic era.

关键词： Hexi Corridor Upper Silurian Series southward displacement.

Intermediately Complex Models for the Hydrological Interactions in the Atmosphere-Vegetation-Soil System

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2006年第1期23卷 127-140页

作者：曾晓东王爱慧曾庆存 robert e. DICKINSON Xubin ZeNG Samuel S. P. SHeN The University of Arizona Tucson AZ USA University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada Institute of Biophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA USA

This paper investigates the hydrological interactions in the atmosphere-evegetation-soil system by using the bucket model and several new simplified intermediately complex models. The results of mathematical analysis and numerical simulations show that these models, despite their simplicity, can very clearly reveal the essential features of the rather complex hydrological system of atmosphere-ecosystem-soil. For given atmospheric variables, these models clearly demonstrate multiple timescales, the ＂red shift＂ of response spectra, multi-equilibria and limit cycles, bifurcation, abrupt change, self-organization, recovery, ＂desertification＂, and chaos. Most of these agree with observations. especially, the weakening of ＂shading effect＂ of living canopy and the wilted biomass might be a major mechanism leading to the desertification in a relatively short period due to overgrazing, and the desertification in a relatively long period or in climate of change might be due to both Charney＇s mechanism and the shading effect. These ideas could be validated with further numerical simulations. In the paper, some methods for improving the estimation of timescales in the soil water evolution responding to the forcing are also proposed.

关键词： Atmosphere-vegetation-soil system hydrological process multi-equilibria chaos desertification shading effect