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Human endogenous retrovirus type-W and multiple sclerosis–related smoldering neuroinflammation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 813-814页

作者： Joel Gruchot Laura Reiche Andrew Chan robert Hoepner Patrick Küry department of Neurology Medical Faculty and University Hospital DüsseldorfHeinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany department of Neurology InselspitalBern University Hospital and University of BernBernSwitzerland

Introduction to human endogenous retrovirus type-W(HERV-W): Genomic inheritance from the past includes retroviral sequences that have been stably incorporated into our genomes and account for up to 8% of human dNA.

关键词： endogenous inflammation Human

Lipid droplets in the nervous system:involvement in cell metabolic homeostasis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 740-750页

作者： Yuchen Zhang Yiqing Chen Cheng Zhuang Jingxuan Qi robert Chunhua Zhao Jiao Wang School of Life Sciences Shanghai UniversityShanghaiChina School of Medicine Shanghai UniversityShanghaiChina Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences School of Basic MedicinePeking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina Beijing Key Laboratory of New drug development and Clinical Trial of Stem Cell Therapy BeijingChina

Lipid droplets serve as primary storage organelles for neutral lipids in neurons,glial cells,and other cells in the nervous *** droplet formation begins with the synthesis of neutral lipids in the endoplasmic ***,lipid droplets were recognized for their role in maintaining lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis;however,recent research has shown that lipid droplets are highly adaptive organelles with diverse functions in the nervous *** addition to their role in regulating cell metabolism,lipid droplets play a protective role in various cellular stress ***,lipid droplets exhibit specific functions in neurons and glial *** of lipid droplet formation leads to cellular dysfunction,metabolic abnormalities,and nervous system *** review aims to provide an overview of the role of lipid droplets in the nervous system,covering topics such as biogenesis,cellular specificity,and ***,it will explore the association between lipid droplets and neurodegenerative *** the involvement of lipid droplets in cell metabolic homeostasis related to the nervous system is crucial to determine the underlying causes and in exploring potential therapeutic approaches for these diseases.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease lipid droplet biogenesis lipid droplets lipid metabolism nervous system neurodegenerative disorders oxidative stress Parkinson's disease

Sleep as a window to understand and regulate Alzheimer's disease:emerging roles of thalamic reticular nucleus

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1711-1712页

作者： Haoqi Sun Shiqian Shen robert J.Thomas M.Brandon Westover Can Zhang department of Neurology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Center for Translational Pain Research Department of AnesthesiaCritical Care and Pain MedicineMassachusetis General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep MedicineDepartment of MedicineBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Genetics and Aging Research Unit McCance Center for Brain HealthMass General Institute for Neurodegenerative DiseaseDepartment of NeurologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA

Introduction:Alzheimer 's disease(Ad) is a common neurodegenerative disorder and the primary cause of dementia. Considerable evidence supports the “amyloid hypothesis,” stating that the pathogenesis of Ad is primarily caused by the deposition of amyloid-β(Aβ), which drives tau phosphorylation, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration in the brain. The amyloid hypothesis is strengthened by the significant and moderate benefit of lecanemab, a humanized antibody through an anti-amyloid mechanism,showing slowed clinical decline(van dyck et al.,2023). The recent positive results of anti-amyloid trials have brought back focus on the amyloid hypothesis through biochemical, genetic, and pharmacological approaches(Zhang, 2023).

关键词： Alzheimer inflammation hypothesis

Nanocrystalline and Nanocomposite Magnetic Materials and Their Applications

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2007年第4期14卷 69-74页

作者： robert d Shull Magnetic Materials Group National Institute of Standards and TechnologyGaithersburg MD 20899MarylandUSA

Nanocrystalline materials can possess bulk properties quite different from those commonly associated with conventional large-grained materials. Nanocomposites, a subset of nanocrystalline materials, in addition have been found to possess magnetic properties which are similar to, but different from, the properties of the individual constituents. New magnetic phenomena, unusual property combinations, and both enhanced and diminished magnetic property values are just some of the changes observed in magnetic nanocomposites from conventional magnetic materials. Here, a description will be presented of some of the exciting new properties discovered in nanomaterials and the magnetic applications envisioned for them.

关键词： nanocomposite ferromagnet magnetoresistance magnetic refrigeration domain imaging

Impact of a physician-supervised exercise-nutrition program with testosterone substitution in partial androgen-deficient middle-aged obese men

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2011年第4期8卷 201-206页

作者： Ernst R Schwarz robert d Willix Jr Cenegenics Education and Research Foundation Las Vegas and Heart Institute of Southern CaliforniaBeverly Hills348 S Oakhurst DrBeverly HillsCA 90212USA

Background Partial androgen deficiency syndrome in the aging male is associated with signs of aging such as a development of abdominal obesity,sexual dysfunction,increase body fat,weight gain and the development of cardiac *** We assessed the outcome of a commercially available physician supervised nutrition and exercise program with concomitant testosterone replacement therapy in middle age obese men with partial androgen deficiency in order to reduce cardiac risks *** Fifty-six self referred men without diabetes mellitus,hypertension,or cardiovascular disease(ages 52.3±7.8 years)were randomly selected from a large *** weight,body fat composition,fasting glucose,hemoglobin A1c and fasting lipid levels,as well as free and total testosterone levels were *** patients were assessed and followed 6–18 months after initiation of the *** program consisted of a low glycemic load balanced nutrition diet,a recommended structured daily exercise program of 30–60 minutes,as well as once to twice weekly intramuscular testosterone injections(113.0±27.8 mg).Results At follow up,weight was reduced from 233.9±30.0 pounds(lbs)to 221.3±25.1 lbs(Pduced from 33.2±3.3 kg/m2 to 31.3±2.8 kg/m^(2)(Pdy fat was 27.1%±5.2%vs.34.3%±5.7%at baseline(Pduced from 95.3±14.4 mg/dL to 87.5±12.6 mg/dL(Pduced from 195.4±33.0 mg/dL to 172.7±35.0 mg/dL(Pdverse events were *** Testosterone replacement therapy in middle aged obese men with partial androgen deficiency appeared safe and might have promoted the effects of a weight reduction diet and daily exercise program as long as an adequate physician supervision and follow up was *** combination therapy significantly reduced coronary risk factors such as glucose intolerance and hyperlipidemia.

关键词： aging heart disease androgen deficiency testosterone

Rapid micro-immunohistochemistry

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2020年第1期6卷 285-294页

作者： robert d.Lovchik david Taylor Govind Kaigala IBM Research Europe Saeumerstrasse 48803 RueschlikonSwitzerland Present address:Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich Department of Mechanical and Process EngineeringSonneggstrasse 38092 ZurichSwitzerland

We present a new and versatile implementation of rapid and localized immunohistochemical staining of tissue ***(IHC)comprises a sequence of specific biochemical reactions and allows the detection of specific proteins in tissue *** the rapid implementation of IHC,we fabricated horizontally oriented microfluidic probes(MFPs)with functionally designed apertures to enable square and circular footprints,which we employ to locally expose a tissue to time-optimized sequences of different *** show that the two main incubation steps of IHC protocols can be performed on MdAMB468-1510A cell block sections in less than 30 min,compared to incubation times of an hour or more in standard *** analysis on the timescale of tens of minutes could potentially be applied during surgery,enabling clinicians to react in more dynamically and ***,this rapid IHC implementation along with conservative tissue usage has strong potential for the implementation of multiplexed assays,allowing the exploration of optimal assay conditions with a small amount of tissue to ensure high-quality staining results for the remainder of the sample.

关键词： versatile steps sections

Viscoelastic Immersed Boundary Methods for Zero Reynolds Number Flow

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Communications in Computational Physics 2012年第7期12卷 462-478页

作者： Wanda Strychalski robert d.Guy department of Mathematics University of CaliforniaDavis CA 95616USA

The immersed boundary method has been extensively used to simulate the motion of elastic structures immersed in a viscous *** some applications,such as modeling biological materials,capturing internal boundary viscosity is *** present numerical methods for simulating Kelvin-Voigt and standard linear viscoelastic structures immersed in zero Reynolds number *** find that the explicit time immersed boundary update is unconditionally unstable above a critical boundary to fluid viscosity ratio for a Kelvin-Voigt *** also show there is a severe time step restriction when simulating a standard linear boundary with a small relaxation time scale using the same explicit update.A stable implicit method is presented to overcome these computation challenges.

关键词： Stokes flow viscoelastic structures fluid-structure interaction numerical instability

A Multigrid Method for a Model of the Implicit Immersed Boundary Equations

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Communications in Computational Physics 2012年第7期12卷 378-400页

作者： robert d.Guy Bobby Philip department of Mathematics University of California DavisDavisCA 95616USA Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN 37831USA

Explicit time stepping schemes for the immersed boundary method require very small time steps in order to maintain *** the equations that arise from an implicit discretization is ***,several different approaches have been proposed,but a complete understanding of this problem is still emerging.A multigrid method is developed and explored for solving the equations in an implicittime discretization of a model of the immersed boundary *** model problem consists of a scalar Poisson equation with conformation-dependent singular forces on an immersed *** model does not include the inertial terms or the incompressibility *** method is more efficient than an explicit method,but the efficiency gain is *** multigrid method alone may not be an effective solver,but when used as a preconditioner for Krylov methods,the speed-up over the explicit-time method is *** example,depending on the constitutive law for the boundary force,with a time step 100 times larger than the explicit method,the implicit method is about 15-100 times more efficient than the explicit method.A very attractive feature of this method is that the efficiency of the multigrid preconditioned Krylov solver is shown to be independent of the number of immersed boundary points.

关键词： Preconditioning implicit methods fluid-structure interaction

Fabrication and testing of polymer-based capacitive micromachined ultrasound transducers for medical imaging

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2018年第1期4卷 178-189页

作者： Carlos d.Gerardo Edmond Cretu robert Rohling department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of British Columbia2332 Main MallVancouverBCCanada department of Mechanical Engineering University of British Columbia6250 Applied Science LnVancouverBCCanada

The ultrasonic transducer industry is dominated by piezoelectric *** an emerging alternative,capacitive micromachined ultrasound transducers(CMUTs)offer wider bandwidth,better integration with electronics,and ease of fabricating large *** have a sealed cavity between a fixed electrode and a suspended metalized *** cost and sensitivity are limiting factors in current CMUTs that depend on the fabrication equipment and,especially,on the materials *** widespread use of CMUTs,a much lower fabrication cost that uses inexpensive materials,which maintain or improve upon existing sensitivity,is ***,a new fabrication process is described for polymer-based CMUTs(polyCMUTs)using the photopolymer SU-8 and *** first ultrasound B-mode image of a wire phantom created with a 64-element linear array using synthetic aperture beamforming techniques is presented.A 12 VAC signal superimposed on a 10 VdC signal was used on the transmission side,and only a bias-tee,with no amplifiers,was used on the receiving *** low operational voltage and high sensitivity of this device can be partially attributed to a pre-biasing condition on the *** using a novel sacrificial layer combined with a top electrode embedded inside the membrane,we demonstrated that SU-8 can be used to manufacture CMUTs ***,the fabrication used relatively simple equipment,and the number of fabrication steps was reduced compared to traditional CMUT *** new fabrication process has the potential to increase the use of CMUTs in the ultrasound market,including the market for wearable transducers.

关键词： polymer electrode testing