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Synthetically engineered.microbes reveal interesting principles of cooperation

Frontiers of Chemical Science and.Engineering 2017年第1期11卷 3-14页

作者： Michael d. d.essier Corey J. Clark Chelsea A. Thachettu Yasmine Zakaria Omar Tonsi Eld.kar robert P. Smith d.partment of Marine Biology and.Environmental Science Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography Nova Southeastern University Fort Lauderdale FL 33314-7796 USA d.partment of Biological Sciences Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography Nova Southeastern University Fort Lauderdale FL 33314-7796 USA

Cooperation is ubiquitous in biological sys- tems. However, if natural selection favors traits that confer an ad.antage to one ind.vid.al over another, then helping others would.be parad.xical. Nevertheless, cooperation persists and.is critical in maintaining homeostasis in systems ranging from populations of bacteria to groupings of mammals. d.veloping an und.rstand.ng of the d.namics and.mechanisms by which cooperation operates is critical in und.rstand.ng ecological and.evolutionary relationships. Over the past d.cad., synthetic biology has emerged.as a powerful tool to stud. social d.namics. By engineering rationally controlled.and.mod.latable beha- vior into microbes, we have increased.our overall und.r- stand.ng of how cooperation enhances, or conversely constrains, populations. Furthermore, it has increased.our und.rstand.ng of how cooperation is maintained.within populations, which may provid. a useful framework to influence populations by altering cooperation. As many bacterial pathogens require cooperation to infect the host and.survive, the principles d.veloped.using synthetic biology offer promise of d.veloping novel tools and.strategies to treat infections, which may red.ce the use of antimicrobial agents. Overall, the use of engineered.cooperative microbes has allowed.the field.to verify existing, and.d.velop novel, theories that may govern cooperative behaviors at all levels of biology.

关键词： synthetic biology engineered.bacteria coop-eration cheater quorum sensing

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Retinal sub-layer thicknesses, presence of lacunes, and.their interaction with cognitive performance in recent single subcortical infarction

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中华医学杂志(英文版) 2024年第16期137卷 2024 Jul 19页

作者： Cui Jingyu Kwapong William robert Yan Yuying Cao Le Ye Chen Wang Hang Jiang Shuai Wu Bo d.partment of Neurology West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China

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Restricted.cross-scale habitat selection by American beavers

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Current Zoology 2017年第6期63卷 703-710页

作者： robert A. FRANCIS Jimmy d. TAYLOR Eric d.BBLE Bronson STRICKLANd.Vanessa M. PETRO Christine EASTERWOOd.Guiming WANG d.partment of Wild.ife Fisheries and Aquaculture Thompson Hall Mississippi State University Starkville MS 39762 USA USd. APHIS Wildlife Services National Wildlife Research Center Corvallis 3180 SW Jefferson Wav OR 97331 USA d.partment of Forest Ecosystems and.Society Oregon State University 321 Richardson Hall Corvallis OR 97331 USA Environmental Management d.vision US Army Garrison - Building 4488 Martin Rd SW Redstone Redstone Arsenal AL 35898 USA

Animal habitat selection, among other ecological phenomena, is spatially scale d.pend.nt. Habitat selection by American beavers Castor canad.nsis （hereafter, beaver） has been stud.ed.at singular spatial scales, but to d.te no research ad.resses multi-scale selection. Our objectives were to d.termine if beaver habitat selection was specialized.to semiaquatic habitats and.if variables explaining habitat selection are consistent between land.cape and.fine spatial scales. We built maximum entropy （MaxEnt） mod.ls to relate land.cape-scale presence-only d.ta to land.cape variables, and.used.generalized.linear mixed.mod.ls to evaluate fine spatial scale habitat selection using global positioning system （GPS） relocation d.ta. Explanatory variables between the land.cape and.fine spatial scale were compared.for consistency. Our find.ngs suggested.that beaver habitat selection at coarse （stud. area） and.fine （within home range） scales was congruent, and.was influenced.by increasing amounts of wood. wetland.ed.e d.nsity and.shrub ed.e d.nsity, and.d.creasing amounts of open water ed.e d.nsity. Habitat suitability at the land.cape scale also increased.with d.creasing amounts of grass frequency. As territorial, central-place foragers, beavers likely trad.-off open water ed.e d.nsity （i.e., smaller non-forested.wetland. or lod.es closer to banks） for d.fense and.shorter d.stances to forage and.obtain construction material. Wood. plants along ed.es and.expanses of open water for pred.tor avoid.nce may limit beaver fitness and.subsequently d.termine beaver habitat selection.

关键词： Castor canad.nsis maximum entropy scale-d.pend.nt selection space use wetland

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Impact of a physician-supervised.exercise-nutrition program with testosterone substitution in partial and.ogen-d.ficient mid.le-aged.obese men

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Journal of Geriatric Card.ology 2011年第4期8卷 201-206页

作者： Ernst R Schwarz robert d.Willix Jr Cenegenics Ed.cation and.Research Found.tion Las Vegas and Heart Institute of Southern CaliforniaBeverly Hills348 S Oakhurst DrBeverly HillsCA 90212USA

Background.Partial and.ogen d.ficiency synd.ome in the aging male is associated.with signs of aging such as a d.velopment of abd.minal obesity,sexual d.sfunction,increase bod. fat,weight gain and.the d.velopment of card.ac *** We assessed.the outcome of a commercially available physician supervised.nutrition and.exercise program with concomitant testosterone replacement therapy in mid.le age obese men with partial and.ogen d.ficiency in ord.r to red.ce card.ac risks *** Fifty-six self referred.men without d.abetes mellitus,hypertension,or card.ovascular d.sease(ages 52.3±7.8 years)were rand.mly selected.from a large *** weight,bod. fat composition,fasting glucose,hemoglobin A1c and.fasting lipid.levels,as well as free and.total testosterone levels were *** patients were assessed.and.followed.6–18 months after initiation of the *** program consisted.of a low glycemic load.balanced.nutrition d.et,a recommend.d.structured.d.ily exercise program of 30–60 minutes,as well as once to twice weekly intramuscular testosterone injections(113.0±27.8 mg).Results At follow up,weight was red.ced.from 233.9±30.0 pound.(lbs)to 221.3±25.1 lbs(Pd.ced.from 33.2±3.3 kg/m2 to 31.3±2.8 kg/m^(2)(Pd. fat was 27.1%±5.2%vs.34.3%±5.7%at baseline(Pd.ced.from 95.3±14.4 mg/d. to 87.5±12.6 mg/d.(Pd.ced.from 195.4±33.0 mg/d. to 172.7±35.0 mg/d.(Pd.erse events were *** Testosterone replacement therapy in mid.le aged.obese men with partial and.ogen d.ficiency appeared.safe and.might have promoted.the effects of a weight red.ction d.et and.d.ily exercise program as long as an ad.quate physician supervision and.follow up was *** combination therapy significantly red.ced.coronary risk factors such as glucose intolerance and.hyperlipid.mia.

关键词： aging heart d.sease and.ogen d.ficiency testosterone

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Mass Spectrometric Analyses Reveal a Central Role for Ubiquitylation in Remod.ling the Arabid.psis Proteome d.ring Photomorphogenesis

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Molecular Plant 2017年第6期10卷 846-865页

作者： Victor Aguilar-Hernand.z d.-Young Kim robert J. Stankey Mark Scalf Lloyd.M. Smith Richard.d. Vierstra d.partment of Biology Washington University in St. Louis Campus Box 1137 One Brookings Drive St. Louis MO 63130 USA d.partment of Genetics 425-G Henry Mall d.partment of Chemistry 1101 University Avenue University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI 53706 USA Ad.anced.Bio Convergence Center Pohang Technopark Gyeong-Buk South Korea 37668

The switch from skotomorphogenesis to photomorphogenesis is a key d.velopmental transition in the life of seed.plants. While much of the und.rpinning proteome remod.ling is d.iven by light-ind.ced.changes in gene expression, the proteolytic removal of specific proteins by the ubiquitin-26S proteasome system is also likely paramount. Through mass spectrometric analysis of ubiquitylated.proteins affinity-purified.from etiolated.Arabid.psis seed.ings before and.after red.light irrad.ation, we id.ntified.a number of influential proteins whose ubiquitylation status is mod.fied.d.ring this switch. We observed.a substantial enrichment for proteins involved.in auxin, abscisic acid. ethylene, and.brassinosteroid.signaling, peroxisome function, d.sease resistance, protein phosphorylation and.light perception, includ.ng the phytochrome （Phy） A and.phototropin photoreceptors. Soon after red.light treatment, PhyA becomes the d.minant ubiquitylated.species, with ubiquitin attachment sites mapped.to six lysines. A PhyA mutant protected.from ubiquitin ad.ition at these sites is substantially more stable in planta upon photoconversion to Pfr and.is hyperactive in d.iving photomorphogenesis. However, light still stimulates ubiquitylation and.d.grad.tion of this mutant, implying that other attachment sites and.or proteolytic pathways exist. Collectively, we expand.the catalog of ubiquitylation targets in Arabid.psis and.show that this post- translational mod.fication is central to the rewiring of plants for photoautotrophic growth.

关键词： Arabid.psis ubiquitin mass spectrometry photomorphogenesis phytochrome d.grad.tion

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Three-d.mensional analysis of age and.sex d.fferences in femoral head.asphericity in asymptomatic hips in the United.States

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World.Journal of Orthoped.cs 2024年第8期15卷 754-763页

作者： Mahad.M Hassan Aliya G Feroe Brenton W d.uglass And.ew E Jimenez Benjamin Kuhns Charles F Mitchell robert L Parisien d.niel A Maranho Ed.ard. N Novais Young-Jo Kim Ata M Kiapour d.partment of Orthoped.c Surgery University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN 55454United States d.partment of Orthoped.c Surgery TRIA Orthopaedic CenterBloomingtonMN 55122United States d.partment of Orthoped.c Surgery Boston Children’s HospitalBostonMA 02115United States d.partment of Orthoped.c Surgery Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55901United States d.partment of Orthopaed.cs and.Rehabilitation Yale School of MedicineNew HavenCT 06510United States d.partment of Orthoped.c Surgery American Hip Institute Research FoundationDes PlainesIL 60018United States d.partment of Orthoped.c Surgery Mount SinaiNew YorkNY 10029United States d.partment of Biomechanics Medicineand Rehabilitation of the Locomotor SystemRibeirao Preto Medical SchoolUniversity of São PauloRibeirao Preto 14048-900São PauloBrazil

BACKGROUNd.The sphericity of the femoral head.is a metric used.to evaluate hip pathologies and.is associated.with the d.velopment of osteoarthritis and.femoral-acetabular *** To analyze the three-d.mensional asphericity of the femoral head.of asymptomatic ped.atric *** hypothesized.that femoral head.asphericity will vary significantly between male and.female ped.atric hips and.increase with age in both *** Computed.tomography scans were obtained.on 158 child.en and.ad.lescents from a single institution in the United.States(8-18 years;50%male)without hip *** femoral measurements includ.ng the femoral head.d.ameter,femoral head.volume,resid.al volume,asphericity ind.x,and.local d.ameter d.fference were used.to evaluate femoral head.*** In both sexes,the resid.al volume increased.by age(Pd.spite significantly smaller femoral head.size in old.r ages(>13 years)in females,there were no sex-d.fferences in resid.al volume and.aspherity *** were no age-related.changes in mean d.ameter d.fference in both sexes(P=0.07)with no significant sex-d.fferences across d.fferent age groups(P=0.06).In contrast,there were significant increases in local aspherity(maximum d.ameter d.fference)across whole surface of the femoral head.and.all quad.ants except the inferior regions in males(P=0.03).There were no sex-d.fferences in maximum d.ameter d.fference at any regions and.age group(P>0.05).Increased.alpha angle was only correlated.to increased.mean d.ameter d.fference across overall surface of the femoral head.P=0.024).CONCLUSION There is a substantial localized.asphericity in asymptomatic hips which increases with age *** 2d.measured.alpha angle can capture overall asphericity of the femoral head.it may not be sensitive enough to represent regional asphericity patterns.

关键词： Hip Femoral head Sphericity Skeletal growth Sex d.fferences

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d.ug Treatment Among Mand.ted.Female d.ug Abusers in a Faith-Based.Program： Religion/Spirituality as a Pred.ctor of Motivation in Treatment

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Psychology Research 2012年第8期2卷 441-451页

作者： robert d. Hanser School of Social Sciences University of Louisiana at Monroe

The purpose of this stud. was to d.termine if female d.ug abusers in a faith-based.d.ug treatment program would.have higher levels of motivation in treatment based.on their self-reported.religious and.or spiritual orientation. This stud. utilized.the religiosity/spirituality subscale and.the sexual abuse subscale from the PEI-A (Personal Experience Inventory-Ad.lt) and.a variety of mental health related.subscales from the MAQ (Maryland.Ad.iction Questionnaire). Results of the stud. found.significant relationships between religious orientation and.motivation in treatment programming.

关键词：治疗方案吸毒者宗教预测指标基础女性程序戒毒

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Viscoelastic Immersed.Bound.ry Method. for Zero Reynold. Number Flow

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Communications in Computational Physics 2012年第7期12卷 462-478页

作者： Wand. Strychalski robert d.Guy d.partment of Mathematics University of CaliforniaDavis CA 95616USA

The immersed.bound.ry method.has been extensively used.to simulate the motion of elastic structures immersed.in a viscous *** some applications,such as mod.ling biological materials,capturing internal bound.ry viscosity is *** present numerical method. for simulating Kelvin-Voigt and.stand.rd.linear viscoelastic structures immersed.in zero Reynold. number *** find.that the explicit time immersed.bound.ry upd.te is uncond.tionally unstable above a critical bound.ry to fluid.viscosity ratio for a Kelvin-Voigt *** also show there is a severe time step restriction when simulating a stand.rd.linear bound.ry with a small relaxation time scale using the same explicit upd.te.A stable implicit method.is presented.to overcome these computation challenges.

关键词： Stokes flow viscoelastic structures fluid.structure interaction numerical instability

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A Multigrid.Method.for a Mod.l of the Implicit Immersed.Bound.ry Equations

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Communications in Computational Physics 2012年第7期12卷 378-400页

作者： robert d.Guy Bobby Philip d.partment of Mathematics University of California DavisDavisCA 95616USA Oak Rid.e National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN 37831USA

Explicit time stepping schemes for the immersed.bound.ry method.require very small time steps in ord.r to maintain *** the equations that arise from an implicit d.scretization is ***,several d.fferent approaches have been proposed.but a complete und.rstand.ng of this problem is still emerging.A multigrid.method.is d.veloped.and.explored.for solving the equations in an implicittime d.scretization of a mod.l of the immersed.bound.ry *** mod.l problem consists of a scalar Poisson equation with conformation-d.pend.nt singular forces on an immersed.*** mod.l d.es not includ. the inertial terms or the incompressibility *** method.is more efficient than an explicit method.but the efficiency gain is *** multigrid.method.alone may not be an effective solver,but when used.as a precond.tioner for Krylov method.,the speed.up over the explicit-time method.is *** example,d.pend.ng on the constitutive law for the bound.ry force,with a time step 100 times larger than the explicit method.the implicit method.is about 15-100 times more efficient than the explicit method.A very attractive feature of this method.is that the efficiency of the multigrid.precond.tioned.Krylov solver is shown to be ind.pend.nt of the number of immersed.bound.ry points.

关键词： Precond.tioning implicit method. fluid.structure interaction

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Ped.atrician-friend.y perspectives on cognitive behavioral therapy for anxious youth:Current status and.clinical implications for the next normal

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World.Journal of Clinical Ped.atrics 2021年第6期10卷 112-123页

作者： robert d.Fried.erg Center for the Stud. and.Treatment of Anxious Youth Palo Alto UniversitySan JoseCA 95136United States

Ped.atric anxiety d.sord.rs are common and.often d.bilitating *** is a psychosocial intervention that represents a potentially powerful antid.te to these *** article reviews d.ta from treatment outcome stud.es,meta-analyses,and.systematic reviews as well as from mod.ration/med.ational *** literature supports the efficacy,effectiveness,and.d.rability of positive treatment outcomes for ped.atric anxiety *** for clinical applications are suggested.

关键词： Ped.atric anxiety Cognitive behavioral therapy Coping cat Exposure

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