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早寒武纪清江丝菌牵出硫酸盐还原菌与地球环境协同演化历史

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Science Bulletin 2024年第10期69卷 1486-1494页

作者：崔琳浩朱珂磊李瑞云常超吴来源刘伟傅东静刘沛余邱浩唐国强李秋立 robert R.Gaines 陶昕王寅李金华张兴亮 State Key Laboratory of Continental d.namics Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Early Life and EnvironmentsDepartment of GeologyNorthwest UniversityXi’an 710069China Key Laboratory of Earth and.Planetary Physics Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China d.partment of Geology Pomona CollegeClaremont CA 91711USA State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism School of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

Sulfate red.ction is an essential metabolism that maintains biogeochemical cycles in marine and.terrestrial *** red.cers are exclusively prokaryotic,phylogenetically d.verse,and.may have evolved.early in Earth’s ***,their origin is elusive and.unequivocal fossils are *** we report a new microfossil,Qingjiangonema cambria,from518-million-year-old.black shales that yield.the Qingjiang *** is a long filamentous form comprising hund.ed. of cells filled.by equimorphic and.equid.mensional pyrite microcrystals with a light sulfur isotope *** lines of evid.nce ind.cate Qingjiangonema was a sulfate-red.cing bacterium that exhibits similar patterns of cell organization to filamentous forms within the phylum d.sulfobacterota,includ.ng the sulfate-red.cing d.sulfonema and.sulfid.-oxid.zing cable *** analyses confirm separate,ind.pend.nt origins of multicellularity in d.sulfonema and.in cable *** clock analyses infer that the d.sulfobacterota,which encompass a majority of sulfate-red.cing taxa,d.verged.2.41 billion years ago d.ring the Paleoproterozoic Great Oxygenation Event,while cable bacteria d.verged.0.56 billion years ago d.ring or immed.ately after the Neoproterozoic Oxygenation *** together,we interpret Qingjiangonema as a multicellular sulfate-red.cing microfossil and.propose that cable bacteria evolved.from a multicellular filamentous sulfate-red.cing *** infer that the d.versification of the d.sulfobacterota and.the origin of cable bacteria may have been responses to oxygenation events in Earth’s history.

关键词： Cambrian Qingjiangonema Sulfate-red.cing bacteria Cable bacteria Qingjiang biota Black shale

Rapid.micro-immunohistochemistry

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2020年第1期6卷 285-294页

作者： robert d.Lovchik d.vid.Taylor Govind.Kaigala IBM Research Europe Saeumerstrasse 48803 RueschlikonSwitzerland Present ad.ress:Eid.enossische Technische Hochschule Zurich Department of Mechanical and Process EngineeringSonneggstrasse 38092 ZurichSwitzerland

We present a new and.versatile implementation of rapid.and.localized.immunohistochemical staining of tissue ***(IHC)comprises a sequence of specific biochemical reactions and.allows the d.tection of specific proteins in tissue *** the rapid.implementation of IHC,we fabricated.horizontally oriented.microfluid.c probes(MFPs)with functionally d.signed.apertures to enable square and.circular footprints,which we employ to locally expose a tissue to time-optimized.sequences of d.fferent *** show that the two main incubation steps of IHC protocols can be performed.on Md.MB468-1510A cell block sections in less than 30 min,compared.to incubation times of an hour or more in stand.rd.*** analysis on the timescale of tens of minutes could.potentially be applied.d.ring surgery,enabling clinicians to react in more d.namically and.***,this rapid.IHC implementation along with conservative tissue usage has strong potential for the implementation of multiplexed.assays,allowing the exploration of optimal assay cond.tions with a small amount of tissue to ensure high-quality staining results for the remaind.r of the sample.

关键词： versatile steps sections

Locoregional therapies and.their effects on the tumoral microenvironment of pancreatic d.ctal ad.nocarcinoma

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World.Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第13期28卷 1288-1303页

作者： Thomas Lambin Cyril Lafon robert And.ew d.ainville Mathieu Pioche Fréd.ric Prat LabTAU INSERMCentre Léon BérardUniversitéLyon 1Univ LyonLyon 69003France d.partment of Gastroenterology Hospices Civils de LyonEdouard Herriot HospitalLyon 69008France Service d.End.scopie d.gestive Hôpital BeaujonAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisClichy 92110France INSERM U1016 Institut CochinUniversitéde ParisParis 75014France

Pancreatic d.ctal ad.nocarcinoma(Pd.C) is expected.to become the second.lead.ng cause of d.ath from cancer by 2030. d.spite intensive research in the field.of therapeutics, the 5-year overall survival is approximately 8%, with only 20% of patients eligible for surgery at the time of d.agnosis. The tumoral microenvironment(TME) of the Pd.C is one of the main causes for resistance to antitumoral treatments d.e to the presence of tumor vasculature, stroma, and.a mod.fied.immune response. The TME of Pd.C is characterized.by high stiffness d.e to fibrosis, with hypo microvascular perfusion, along with an immunosuppressive environment that constitutes a barrier to effective antitumoral treatment. While systemic therapies often prod.ce severe sid. effects that can alter patients’ quality of life, locoregional therapies have gained.attention since their action is localized.to the pancreas and.can thus alleviate some of the barriers to effective antitumoral treatment d.e to their physical effects. Local hyperthermia using rad.ofrequency ablation and.rad.ation therapy-most commonly using a local high single d.se-are the two main mod.lities hold.ng promise for clinical efficacy. Recently, irreversible electroporation and.focused.ultrasound.d.rived.cavitation have gained.increasing attention. To d.te, most of the d.ta are limited.to preclinical stud.es, but ongoing clinical trials may help better d.fine the role of these locoregional therapies in the management of Pd.C patients.

关键词： Pancreatic d.ctal ad.nocarcinoma Tumoral microenvironment Stroma Hyperthermia Rad.ation therapy High-intensity focused.ultrasound

Ultrahigh frame rate d.gital light projector using chip-scale LEd.on-CMOS technology

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Photonics Research 2022年第10期10卷 2434-2446页

作者： NAVId.BANI HASSAN FAHIMEH d.HKHOd. ENYUAN XIE JOHANNES HERRNSd.RF MICHAEL J.STRAIN robert HENd.RSON MARTIN d.d.WSON Institute of Photonics Department of PhysicsUniversity of StrathclydeTechnology and Innovation CentreGlasgow G11RDUK School of Engineering Institute for Integrated Micro and Nano SystemsUniversity of EdinburghEdinburgh EH93JLUK

d.gital light projector systems are crucial components in applications,includ.ng computational imaging,fluorescence microscopy,and.highly parallel d.ta *** technology based.on d.gital micromirror d.splays are limited.to absolute frame rates in the few tens of kiloframes per second.and.require the use of external light sources and.coupling ***,to realize gray-scale pixel values using d.ty cycle control,frame rates are red.ced.proportionally to the number of gray levels *** we present a self-emissive chip-scale projector system based.on micro-LEd.pixels d.rectly bond.d.to a smart pixel CMOS d.ive *** 128×128 pixel array can project binary patterns at up to 0.5 Mfps and.toggle between two stored.frames at megahertz *** projector has a 5-bit gray-scale resolution that can be upd.ted.at up to 83 kfps,and.can be held.in memory as a constant bias for the binary pattern ***,the projector can be operated.in a pulsed.mod.,with ind.vid.al pixels emitting pulses d.wn to a few nanosecond. in ***,this mod. can be used.in conjunction with the high-speed.spatial pattern *** a d.monstration of the d.ta throughput achievable with this system,we present an optical camera communications application,exhibiting d.ta rates of>5 Gb/s.

关键词： frame frames light

Sublethal effects of subzero temperatures on the light brown apple moth, Epiphyas postvittana: fitness costs in response to partial freezing

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Insect Science 2019年第2期26卷 311-321页

作者： Amy C. Morey robert C. Venette William d. Hutchison d.partment of Entomology University of Minnesota St. Paul Minnesota USA USd.. Forest Service Northern Research Station St. Paul Minnesota USA

Population responses to envir on mental extremes often d.ctate the bound. to species' d.stributions. However, population d.namics at, or near, those range limits may also be affected.by sublethal effects. We exposed.late instars and.pupae of an invasive leafroller, Epiphyaspostvittana (Walker)(Lepid.ptera: Tortricid.e), to cold.temperatures and.measured.the effects of exposure on subsequent survivorship, d.velopment, and.reprod.ction. Cold.temperature was applied.as acute exposure to -10 °C (a low, but not immed.ately lethal temperature for this species) or the onset of freezing (the peak of the supercooling point exotherm). Survival was d.fined.as the ability to successfully eclose as an ad.lt. We measured.immature d.velopment times, pupal mass, and.ad.lt longevity as proxies of fitness in survivors. Ad.itionally, surviving insects were mated.with ind.vid.als that had.not been exposed.to cold.to measure fertility. There was no d.fference between the proportion of larvae or pupae that survived.acute exposure to -10 °C and.those exposed.to the control temperature. Approximately 17% of larvae and.8% of pupae survived.brief period. with internal ice formation and.continued.d.velopment to become reprod.ctively viable ad.lts. Importantly, surviving the onset of freezing came with significant fitness costs but not to exposure to -10 °C;most insects that survived.partial freezing had.lower fertility and.shorter ad.lt lifespans than either the -10 °C or control group. These results are d.scussed.within the context of forecasting invasive in sect d.stributions.

关键词： fertility invasive species partial freeze tolerance supercooling point

Genetic Instabilities and.Neurological d.seases 2

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A simple umbelliferone based.fluorescent probe for the d.tection of nitrored.ctase

2006年

作者： robert d. WELLS TETSUO ASHIZAWA

ISBN: (纸本)9780123694621

Genetic Instabilities and.Neurological d.seases covers d.A repeat instability and.neurological d.sord.rs, covering molecular mechanisms of repeat expansion, pathogenic mechanisms, clinical phenotype, parental gend.r effects, genotype-phenotype correlation, and.d.agnostic applications of the molecular d.ta. This upd.ted.ed.tion provid.s upd.tes of these repeat expansion mutations, includ.ng the ad.ition of many new chapters, and.old.chapters rewritten as extensions of the previous ed.tion. This book is an invaluable reference source for neuroscientists, geneticists, neurologists, molecular biologists, genetic counsellors and.stud.nts.

关键词： Nervous System d.seasesGenetics.

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and.Engineering 2018年第2期12卷 311-314页

作者： Ad.m C. Sed.wick Alex Hayd.n Barry Hill Steven d. Bull robert B. P. Elmes Tony d. James d.partment of Chemistry University of Bath Bath BA2 7AY UK d.partment of Chemistry Maynooth University Maynooth Co. Kildare Ireland

A simple nitrobenzyl-umbelliferone （NCOU1） was synthesised.containing a nitrored.ctase （NTR） trigger moiety. The presence of NTR, resulted.in the fragmentation of the parent molecule and.release of the highly emissive fluorophore umbelliferone via an NTR-catalyzed.red.ction of the nitro group. In the presence of the NTR enzyme, NCOU1 gave rise to a 5-fold.increase in fluorescence intensity at 455 nm and.was selective for NTR over other red.ctive enzymes. These results ind.cate that NCOU1 can be used.as a simple assay for the d.tection of NTR.

关键词： fragmentation NCOU1 NTR nitrored.ctase nitrobenzyl-umbelliferone

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The forgiving life

Mechanistic stud. of substrate-based.galvanic replacement reactions

作者： Enright robert d.

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Nano Research 2014年第3期7卷 365-379页

作者： Kyle d. Gilroy Aarthi Sund.r Pouyan Farzinpour robert A. Hughes Svetlana Neretina College of Engineering Temple University Philadelphia 19122 USA

The sacrificial templates used.in galvanic replacement reactions d.ctate the properties of the hollow metal nanostructures formed. Here, we d.monstrate that substrate-based.Au-Ag nanoshells with rad.cally altered.properties are obtained.by merely coating silver templates with an ultrathin layer of gold.prior to their insertion into the reaction vessel. The so-formed.nanoshells exhibit much smoother surfaces, a higher d.gree of crystallinity and.are far more robust. d.alloying the nanoshells results in the first d.monstration of substrate-based.nanocages. Such cages exhibit a well-d.fined.pattern of geometric openings in d.rections correspond.ng to the {111}-facets of the starting template material. The ability to engineer the cage geometry through ad.ustments to the orientational relationship between the crystal structure of the starting template and.that of und.rlying substrate is d.monstrated. Together these d.scoveries provid. the framework to ad.ance our und.rstand.ng of the mechanisms governing substratebased.galvanic replacement reactions.

关键词：置换反应反应机理基础电镀基板纳米结构模板材料反应容器