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Laparoscopic Burch urethropexy at time of mesh sling removal: A cohort study evaluating functional outcomes and quality of life

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World Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2016年第3期5卷 210-217页

作者： Sarah A Huber Orawee Chinthakanan Soyini Hawkins John R Miklos robert d Moore International Urogynecology Associates department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Bumrungrad International Hospital

AIM： To theorize that performing a laparoscopic Burch urethropexy at time of sling removal would signifcantly decrease subjective symptoms of stress urinary incon-tinence （SUI） and improve patient ***： Women who underwent a combined sling removal and laparoscopic Burch procedure between 2009 and 2014 were matched via age and sling-type in a 1：2 ratio to women who only underwent a sling removal. Those who underwent surgery within 6 mo of data collection were excluded from the study, as were women who underwent multi-stage surgery. Preoperative assessment for both groups included a focused clinical exam with or without functional testing and questionnaires including urogenital distress inventory-6 （UdI-6） and incontinence impact ques-tionnaire-7 （IIQ-7） per the standard clinical practice. All non-exempt women were sent a questionnaire that included UdI-6 and IIQ-7 in addition to standard follow-up questions. Research staff contacted participants via email, mail, and telephone using the same questionnaire template and script. data was analyzed by using c2 test for categorical data, and Student’s t test and Wilcoxon Rank Sum test for continuous data. The measure of effect was determined by logistic regression ***： A total of 48 women out of 146 selected patients were successfully recruited with n = 22 in the Burch cohort and n = 26 in the control cohort. The mean age was 54.7 ± 7.8 years and mean body mass index was 22.0 ± 13.9 kg/m2. The majority of patients were Caucasian （73.3%）, postmenopausal （91.1%）, non-smokers （57.9%）, with a history of hysterectomy （81.4%）. Six nineteen point six percent of women presented after at least 2 years from placement, which was signifcantly more common in the Burch cohort. Pain was the most common chief complaint （64.4%） in both groups at the time of initial presentation, and 78.9% of women reported concomitant urinary incontinence. There was no signifcant difference in pre-operative UdI-6 and IIQ-7 s

关键词： Mesh erosion Burch urethropexy Burch colposuspension Anti-incontinence

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Participation of Chitin-Binding Peroxidase Isoforms in the Wilt Pathogenesis of Cotton

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2011年第1期2卷 43-49页

作者： Egor Pshenichnov Nigora Khashimova Alik Akhunov Zamira Golubenko robert d. Stipanovic 不详

Specific chitin-binding isozymes of peroxidase (POX) play an important role in pathogenesis of plant diseases caused by fungi. We studied the dynamics of peroxidase activity in two varieties of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.);one was susceptible and the other resistant to the plant pathogen Verticillium dahliae. After infection with strongly and weakly virulent isolate of V. dahliae, we observed a correlation between the level of seedling tissue lesion and peroxidase activity. Thus, the first POX activity was observed in all infected plants 2 hours after inoculation, but POX activity of the resistant variety rapidly increased and maximized 3 days after infection, while POX activity in the susceptible variety showed a slow increase that continued to increase during the remaining 8 days of experimental observation. The increase of POX activity in the susceptible variety after infection may be explained by progressive fungal colonization of cotton tissues leading to irreversible senescence. Microscopic examination of plant tissues supports this hypothesis. The more virulent isolate caused more necrosis and significantly more POX activity than the mildly virulent in both susceptible and resistant plants. Control plants showed no changes in POX activity;however, the POX activity in the control resistant varieties was higher than the control susceptible varieties. These findings indicate the potential utilization of chitin binding POX as a biochemical tool to guide breeding programs to increase resistance to V. dahliae.

关键词： Peroxidase Plant Protection Cotton Gossypium Hirsutum Verticillium dahliae

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The Enduring Fundamental Framework of Forest Resource Management Planning

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Natural Resources 2013年第6期4卷 423-434页

作者： robert d. Tew Thomas J. Straka Tamara L. Cushing School of Agricultural Forest and Environmental Sciences Clemson University Clemson USA

Forest resource management planning began in the United States at the turn of the nineteenth century with an emphasis on timber production, sustained yield, and maximum timber growth. A set of well-documented procedures, philosophies, rules, and understandings developed within the forestry profession on the reasons for and requirements of a professionallydeveloped forest resource management plan. For most of the next decade, this framework controlled the development of timber-oriented forest management plans. In the late twentieth century, the forest resource management plans became stewardship- or sustainability-oriented. A broader expansive framework that stressed sustainable forest management developed. However, the framework of both types of plans is fundamentally the same. The natural resource being manipulated is still timber and that is the variable the management plan still focuses on. The set of fundamental underpinnings to the forest management plan has not changed. We describe these underpinnings in terms of both types of forest management plan, as they have remained unchanged over time. Also addressed are the questions of who are the forest owners that plan and what are the differences in the type of forest management plans they prepare.

关键词： Forest Resource Management Plan Forest Resource Management Planning Sustainable Forest Management

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Use of Synteny Conversion in Identification of Candidate Genes for Somitogenesis in Humans

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Open Journal of Orthopedics 2012年第2期2卷 62-68页

作者： Philip F. Giampietro Cathy L. Raggio robert d. Blank Hospital for Special Surgery New York USA University of Wisconsin Madison USA

Understanding the genetic component of scoliosis in humans has relied on the assumption that spine development is conserved across species. Since evolutionary conserved genes tend to lie within synteny blocks (HSBs) and genes which are not conserved lie within evolutionary breakpoint regions (EBRs), HSB analysis may be used to determine if spine development is conserved across species. We hypothesized that vertebral patterning genes are conserved in amniotes and their location is within stable or “syntenic” regions of chromosomes. Seventy seven patterning genes involved in Fgf, Wnt and Notch signaling pathways were analyzed to determine their location within HSBs or EBRs in the genomes of several amniotic species. The human genome was divided into 1 Mbp intervals and a comparison was made to determine whether these genes were preferentially localized within HSBs or EBRs associated with rapid evolution. The results indicate that genes associated with somite development in humans are preferentially located away from the EBRs: 0.014 genes in EBRs on genome average vs. 0.030 on average in other parts of the genome (p-value = 0.01). The concentration of vertebral patterning genes in HSBs, provides evidence that developmental pathways involved in vertebral morphogenesis are likely conserved across amniotes, consistent with their known function. These data support prior observations indicating that gene networks associated with major developmental processes such as neuronal, central nervous system, bone and blood vessel development, some mediated by Wnt and Notch signaling pathways, were less likely to be localized at EBRs.

关键词： Synteny Candidate Genes Vertebral Patterning Genes Congenital Scoliosis Idiopathic Scoliosis

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Consanguine Philosophies of Traditional Timber-Based and Contemporary Sustainability-Based Forest Resource Management Plans

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Natural Resources 2013年第5期4卷 387-394页

作者： Thomas J. Straka robert d. Tew Tamara L. Cushing School of Agricultural Forest and Environmental Sciences Clemson University Clemson USA

The earliest American forest resource management plans date to the birth of the forestry profession around 1900. For the next half century, these management plans were essentially timber production management plans. Certainly, other forest values, especially watershed protection, were important parts of the planning. But not until the second half of the twentieth century did multiple-use and a wide array of forest values become normal components of a forest management plan. Within the last twenty-five years forest management plans have developed a forest stewardship or sustainable forest management foundation. That is, a forest resource management plan is now expected to consider an entire set of forest values, to have a long-term sustainability focus, and to meet a set of expected management and operational criteria. Often, the forest management plan is the basis of a forest certification scheme. The early forest management plans were primarily timber-based and thus had a commercial or financial focus. Today’s forest management plans are based on multiple forest values and may or may not have a financial focus. We contrast the traditional timber management plan with today’s sustainable forest management plan, realizing the basis of both plans is by definition the forest or the timber. Involving both timber harvesting activities and the operational foundation of the sustainable forest management plan is essentially a timber management plan. One cannot ignore the fact that all forest management plans accomplish silvicultural objectives via manipulation of timber density variables, like stocking and spacing. Management of a forest still involves timber harvests. Our discussion shows that the timber management plan is still very much alive and forms the basis of modern sustainable forest management plans.

关键词： Forest Management Plan Forest Management Planning Forest Sustainability Sustainable Forest Management

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如何撰写和发表科学论文

如何撰写和发表科学论文

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作者： A.d.·罗伯特(A.d. robert)

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Visualization of Percolation Threshold Phenomena in an Agent-Based Model

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通讯和计算机（中英文版） 2013年第9期10卷 1190-1195页

作者： Bruce Paizen Jay Kraut Marcia R. Friesen robert (Bob) d. McLeod department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Manitoba Winnipeg R3T 5 V6 Canada

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Translating Interdisciplinary Research on Language Learning into Identifying Specific Learning disabilities in Verbally Gifted and Average Children and Youth

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2017年第6期7卷 227-246页

作者： Ruby dawn Lyman Elizabeth Sanders robert d. Abbott Virginia W. Berninger Learning Sciences and Human development University of Washington Seattle WA USA Quantitative Methods and Measurement University of Washington Seattle WA USA

The current research was grounded in prior interdisciplinary research that showed cognitive ability (verbal ability for translating cognitions into oral language) and multiple-working memory endophenotypes (behavioral markers of genetic or brain bases of language learning) predict reading and writing achievement in students with and without specific learning disabilities in written language (SLds-WL). Results largely replicated prior findings that verbally gifted with dyslexia score higher on reading and writing achievement than those with average verbal ability but not on endophenotypes. The current study extended that research by comparing those with and without SLds-WL with assessed verbal ability held constant. The verbally gifted without SLds-WL (n = 14) scored higher than the verbally gifted with SLds-WL (n = 27) on six language skills (oral sentence construction, best and fastest handwriting in copying, single real word oral reading accuracy, oral pseudoword reading accuracy and rate) and four endophenotypes (orthographic and morphological coding, orthographic loop, and switching attention). The verbally average without SLds-WL (n = 6) scored higher than the verbally average with SLds-WL (n = 22) on four language skills (best and fastest hand-writing in copying, oral pseudoword reading accuracy and rate) and two endophenotypes (orthographic coding and orthographic loop). Implications of results for translating interdisciplinary research into flexible definitions for assessment and instruction to serve students with varying verbal abilities and language learning and endophenotype profiles are discussed along with directions for future research.

关键词： defining Specific Learning disabilities (SLds) diagnosing Specific Learning disabilities in Written Language (SLds-WL) Verbal Giftedness Multi-Component Working Memory Endophenotypes Language Learning Mechanism Translation Science for diagnosis of SLds

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图书馆管理学

图书馆管理学

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1987年

作者： robert d.stueart John Taylor Eastlick 刘碧如译

据美国图书馆公司出版，1981年修订第二版译出。

关键词：文化、科学、教育、体育信息与知识传播图书馆学、图书馆事业

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In Vitro Evaluation of the Antimethanogenic Potency and Effects on Fermentation of Individual and Combinations of Marine Macroalgae

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2016年第14期7卷 2038-2054页

作者： robert d. Kinley Matthew J. Vucko Lorenna Machado Nigel W. Tomkins CSIRO Agriculture Australian Tropical Science & Innovation Precinct James Cook University Townsville Australia MACRO—The Centre for Macroalgal Resources and Biotechnology College of Marine and Environmental Sciences James Cook University Townsville Australia

Contribution of ruminants to total greenhouse gas emissions in Australia is approximately 10% and likely to increase with demand for livestock products, thus an efficient method of mitigation must be implemented. The red marine macroalgae Asparagopsis taxiformis reduces enteric methane production by up to 99% in vitro. Other macroalgae with less potent antimethanogenic properties may complement inclusion of Asparagopsis in livestock feeds. Adoption of environmental based changes in livestock systems must provide benefits to producers if change in management is to be adopted. This study used 72 h in vitro fermentations with rumen inoculum to characterize and rank seven species of macroalgae at low inclusion that previously demonstrated some degree of antimethanogenesis at higher inclusion concentration. The seven were assessed at 5% inclusion (OM basis) and in combination with Asparagopsis to evaluate beneficial effects on fermentation. When tested individually, improvements in volatile fatty acids were generally observed, however, minimal effect on gas production and no clear justification for a ranking order were demonstrated. When tested in combination with Asparagopsis, the effects on fermentation were dominated by presence of Asparagopsis at 2% and no further benefits demonstrated. Therefore, Asparagopsis remains the only macroalga inducing near elimination of methane in vitro and benefit of combinations with other macroalgae evaluated in this study was not demonstrated. However, combination with high protein macroalgae is proposed to provide productivity enhancement during seasonal lows in grass quality and thus reduce methane emissions intensity providing a stronger conduit for environmental responsibility while increasing productivity.

关键词： Asparagopsis Methane Rumen Seaweed Algae

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