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Effect of reaction and post-treatment conditions on physico-chemical properties of magnetic iron oxide nano-particles Author links open overlay panel

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Particuology 2024年第8期91卷 155-167页

作者： Masome Moeni Mohamed Edokali Matthew Rogers Oscar Cespedes Louey Tliba Tamseela Habib robert Menzel Ali Hassanpour School of Chemical and Process Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Physical ScienceUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS29JTUK School of Physics and Astronomy Faculty of Engineering and Physical ScienceUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS29JTUK Mechanical Engineering Department University of Engineering&TechnologyLahorePakistan School of Chemistry Faculty of Engineering and Physical ScienceUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS29JTUK

Poor stability and dispersibility,as well as aggregation are considered as major challenges in clinical application of iron oxide nanoparticles(IONPs).Several studies have shown that the synthesis parameters and post-synthesis treatments e.g.,drying methods,have the capability to improve the particles'***,we investigate the combined effect of synthesis and post-treatment parameters on the particle size,stability and magnetism of ***(Fe_(3)O_(4))NPs were prepared via co-precipitation and post-treated using different methods,i.e.(i)freeze dried at-53℃,0.133 mbar for 48 h(liquid nitrogen frozen(LFD)and freezer frozen(FFD)),(ii)vacuum oven dried(VOD)at 60℃for 24 h,and(iii)kept wet colloidal(WET),dispersed in deionized *** Fe_(3)O_(4)NPs’chemical functional groups,size,shape,crystallinity,stability,aggregation,porosity,and magnetic properties were further analysed using different characterisation *** results showed that,while the WET sample had the best stability and significantly less aggregation at different temperatures,amongst post-treated Fe_(3)O_(4)NPs,LFD sample exhibited the best stability(up to 37℃),dispersion and smallest polydispersity ***,all dried NPs had superparamagnetic characteristics,while,LFD Fe_(3)O_(4)NPs had better magnetic properties and stability than other drying methods.

关键词： Iron oxide nanoparticles Co-precipitation Stability Aggregation Magnetic properties

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Assessment of liver disease in patients with chronic hepatitis C and unhealthy alcohol use

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第23期27卷 3223-3237页

作者： Daniel Fuster Xavier García-Calvo Paola Zuluaga Ferran Bolao robert Muga Department of Internal Medicine Addiction UnitHospital Universitari Germans Trias i PujolUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBadalona 08916Spain Department of Internal Medicine Hospital Universitari BellvitgeInstitut d'InvestigacióBiomèdica de Bellvitge(IDIBELL)L'Hospitalet de LlobregatBarcelona 08907Spain

Hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection and unhealthy alcohol use are major drivers of the burden of liver disease worldwide and commonly *** of underlying liver damage is a cornerstone of the clinical care of patients with chronic HCV infection and/or unhealthy alcohol use because many of them are diagnosed at advanced stages of *** diagnosis of liver disease before decompensated liver cirrhosis becomes established is essential for treatment with direct acting antivirals and/or abstinence from alcohol consumption,which are the main therapeutic approaches for clinical *** this review,we discuss current knowledge around the use of non-invasive methods to assess liver disease,such as abdominal ultrasound,controlled attenuation parameter,transient elastography,magnetic resonance imaging,and indices based on serum markers of liver injury.

关键词： Hepatitis C virus Alcohol Liver fibrosis Non-invasive methods Ultrasound Transient elastography

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Soil resource availability and its effect on the ecophysiology and establishment of Stipa pulchra

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2019年第4期12卷 603-614页

作者： robert L.Fitch Erin J.Questad Edward G.Bobich Department of Biological Sciences California State Polytechnic UniversityPomona3801 West Temple Avenue PomonaCA 91768USA

Aims The objectives of this study were to(i)determine the importance of soil moisture and soil nitrogen availability as resource requirements for the establishment of Stipa pulchra,(ii)to examine how changes in slope within a local habitat can affect the accumulation of soil moisture and soil nitrogen and(iii)to measure the physiological re-sponses of *** among such slope *** The field experiment occurred in the San JoséHills of Southern California on the California State Polytechnic University,Pomona *** were established within three different slope loca-tions(shallow,moderate and steep)within four separate *** nitrogen treatments(ambient,addition and removal)were replicated within each slope location for all four canyons,and five *** plants were planted in each *** nitrogen accumula-tion and soil moisture,as well as other abiotic variables,were meas-ured across the varied slope locations and nitrogen *** measured the cover,stress,and reproduction of *** plants for 2 years and used a mesocosm experiment to determine how ***-chra responds to varying water and nitrogen *** Findings Stipa pulchra had a strong positive response to the wettest watering treatment and a weak response to nitrogen addition in the meso-cosm *** the field experiment,*** responded positively in moderate slope locations and did not respond to ni-trogen treatments,possibly due to *** patterns of soil moisture were driven by slope,soil compaction and solar *** nitrogen accumulation did not vary among slope *** restoration of ***,priority should be placed on managing soil moisture availability and determining suitable edaphic factors.

关键词： establishment ecophysiology slope soil moisture soil properties nitrogen deposition

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Review of operative considerations in spinal cord stem cell therapy

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2021年第2期13卷 168-176页

作者： Pavan S Upadhyayula Joel R Martin robert C Rennert Joseph D Ciacci Department of Neurological Surgery University of CaliforniaSan DiegoLa JollaCA 92037United States

Spinal cord injury(SCI)can permanently impair motor and sensory function and has a devastating cost to patients and the United States healthcare *** cell transplantation for treatment of SCI is a new technique aimed at creating biological functional *** techniques in stem cell transplantation for SCI are *** review various clinical treatment paradigms,surgical techniques and technical considerations important in SCI *** NCBI PubMed database was queried for“SCI”and“stem cell”with a filter placed for“clinical trials”.Thirty-nine articles resulted from the search and 29 were included and evaluated by study authors.A total of 10 articles were excluded(9 not SCI focused or transplantation focused,1 canine model).Key considerations for stem cell transplantation include method of delivery(intravenous,intrathecal,intramedullary,or excision and engraftment),time course of treatment,number of treatments and time from injury until *** are no phase iii clinical trials yet,but decreased time from injury to treatment and a greater number of stem cell injections both seem to increase the chance of functional recovery.

关键词： Stem cell Spinal cord injury Operative techniques Stem cell transplantation Intramedullary

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Management and outcome of hepatocellular adenoma with massive bleeding at presentation

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第25期23卷 4579-4586页

作者： Anne J Klompenhouwer robert A de Man Maarten GJ Thomeer Jan NM Ijzermans Department of Surgery Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Radiology

To evaluate outcome of acute management and risk of rebleeding in patients with massive hemorrhage due to hepatocellular adenoma (HCA). METHODSThis retrospective cohort study included all consecutive patients who presented to our hospital with massive hemorrhage (grade II or iii) due to ruptured HCA and were admitted for observation and/or intervention between 1999-2016. The diagnosis of HCA was based on radiological findings from contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or pathological findings from biopsy or resection of the HCA. Hemorrhage was diagnosed based on findings from computed tomography or MRI. Medical records were reviewed for demographic features, clinical presentation, tumor features, initial and subsequent management, short- and long-term complications and patient and lesion follow-up. RESULTSAll patients were female (n = 23). Treatment in the acute phase consisted of embolization (n = 9, 39.1%), conservative therapy (n = 13, 56.5%), and other intervention (n = 1, 4.3%). Median hemoglobin level decreased significantly more on days 0-3 in the intervention group than in the patients initially treated conservatively (0.9 mmol/L vs 2.4 mmol/L respectively, P = 0.006). In total, 4 patients suffered severe short-term complications, which included hypovolemic shock, acute liver failure and abscess formation. After a median follow-up of 36 mo, tumor regression in non-surgically treated patients occurred with a median reduction of 76 mm down to 25 mm. Four patients underwent secondary (elective) treatment (i.e., tumor resection) to address HCA size of > 5 cm and/or desire for future pregnancy. One case of rebleeding was documented (4.3%). None of the patients experienced long-term complication (mean follow-up time: 36 mo). CONCLUSIONWith a 4.3% risk of rebleeding, secondary (elective) treatment of HCA after massive hemorrhage may only be considered in patients with persistent HCA > 5 cm.

关键词： Hepatocellular adenoma Management Bleeding Outcome Hemorrhage

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Computational Tools for the Integrated Design of Advanced Nuclear Reactors

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Engineering 2017年第4期3卷 518-526页

作者： Nicholas W. Touran John Gilleland Graham T. Malmgren Charles Whitmer William H. Gates iii TerraPovcer LLC Bellevue WA 98005 USA

Advanced nuclear reactors offer safe, clean, and reliable energy at the global scale. The development of such devices relies heavily upon computational models, from the pre-conceptual stages through detailed design, licensing, and operation. An integrated reactor modeling framework that enables seamless communication, coupling, automation, and continuous development brings significant new capabilities and efficiencies to the practice of reactor design. In such a system, key performance metrics （e.g., optimal fuel management, peak cladding temperature in design-basis accidents, levelized cost of electricity） can be explicitly linked to design inputs （e.g., assembly duct thickness, tolerances）, enabling an exceptional level of design consistency. Coupled with high-performance computing, thousands of integrated cases can be executed simultaneously to analyze the full system, perform complete sensitivity studies, and efficiently and robustly evaluate various design tradeoffs. TerraPower has developed such a tool-the Advanced Reactor Modeling Interface （ARMI） code system-and has deployed it to support the TerraPower Traveling Wave Reactor design and other innovative energy products currently under development. The ARMI code system employs pre-existing tools with strong pedigrees alongside many new physics and data management modules necessary for innovative design. Verification and validation against previous and new physical measurements, which remain an essential element of any sound design, are being carried out. This paper summarizes the integrated core engineering tools and practices in production at TerraPower.

关键词： Simulation Nuclear energy Electricity generation Advanced reactor Traveling wave reactor

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Astrocytes in human central nervous system diseases: a frontier for new therapies

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2023年第11期8卷 5233-5269页

作者： Alexei Verkhratsky Arthur Butt Baoman Li Peter Illes robert Zorec Alexey Semyanov Yong Tang Michael V.Sofroniew International Joint Research Centre on Purinergic Signalling/School of Health and Rehabilitation Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduChina Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology School of Forensic MedicineChina Medical UniversityShenyangChina Faculty of Biology Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK Achucarro Centre for Neuroscience IKERBASQUEBasque Foundation for ScienceBilbaoSpain Department of Stem Cell Biology State Research Institute Centre for Innovative MedicineLT-01102VilniusLithuania Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences School of Pharmacy and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of PortsmouthPortsmouthUK Rudolf Boehm Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Leipzig04109LeipzigGermany Celica Biomedical Lab Cell EngineeringTechnology Park1000LjubljanaSlovenia Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology—Molecular Cell Physiology Institute of PathophysiologyUniversity of LjubljanaFaculty of MedicineLjubljanaSlovenia Department of Physiology Jiaxing University College of Medicine314033JiaxingChina Key Laboratory of Acupuncture for Senile Disease(Chengdu University of TCM) Ministry of Education/Acupuncture and Chronobiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceChengduChina Department of Neurobiology David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA

Astroglia are a broad class of neural parenchymal cells primarily dedicated to homoeostasis and defence of the central nervous system(CNS).Astroglia contribute to the pathophysiology of all neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders in ways that can be either beneficial or detrimental to disorder *** changes in astroglia can be primary or secondary and can result in gain or loss of *** respond to external,non-cell autonomous signals associated with any form of CNS pathology by undergoing complex and variable changes in their structure,molecular expression,and *** addition,internally driven,cell autonomous changes of astroglial innate properties can lead to CNS *** pathophysiology is complex,with different pathophysiological cell states and cell phenotypes that are context-specific and vary with disorder,disorder-stage,comorbidities,age,and ***,we classify astroglial pathophysiology into(i)reactive astrogliosis,(ii)astroglial atrophy with loss of function,(iii)astroglial degeneration and death,and(iv)astrocytopathies characterised by aberrant forms that drive *** review astroglial pathophysiology across the spectrum of human CNS diseases and disorders,including neurotrauma,stroke,neuroinfection,autoimmune attack and epilepsy,as well as neurodevelopmental,neurodegenerative,metabolic and neuropsychiatric *** cellular and molecular mechanisms of astroglial pathophysiology represents a new frontier to identify novel therapeutic strategies.

关键词： diseases epilepsy degeneration

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Comments on ‘An airway organoid-based screen identifies a role for the HIF1α‒glycolysis axis in SARS-CoV-2 infection’

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Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 2022年第1期14卷 60-61页

作者： Xiaohua Duan Hui Wang David D.Ho robert E.Schwartz Todd Evans Shuibing Chen Department of Surgery Weill Cornell Medicine1300 York Ave.New YorkNY 10065USA State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes Center for Single-Cell OmicsSchool of Public HealthShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200025China Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsNew YorkNY 10032USA Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of MedicineWeill Cornell Medicine1300 York Ave.New YorkNY 10065USA Department of Physiology Biophysics and Systems BiologyWeill Cornell Medicine1300 York Ave.New YorkNY 10065USA

Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has been an ongoing public health crisis since the end of 2019;besides vaccine development,there have been major research efforts focused on developing antiviral *** was the first US Food and Drug Administration(FDA)-approved antiviral drug for ***,the FDA granted emergency use authorization(EUA)for three monoclonal antibody treatments,including sotrovimab or a combination of casirivimab and imdevimab,or bamlanivimab and etesevimab,each of which targets the coronavirus spike protein to block viral *** recently,Britain granted conditional authorization for the ribonucleoside analog molnupiravir,developed by Merck as a viral replication *** protease inhibitor PF-07321332 developed by Pfizer and boosted by ritonavir showed promising results in a phase iii clinical trial,reducing the risk of hospitalization or death by 89%compared with placebo.

关键词： Pfizer Merck vaccine

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Dredging effects on selected nutrient concentrations and ecoenzymatic activity in two drainage ditch sediments in the lower Mississippi River Valley

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2017年第3期5卷 190-195页

作者： Matt Moore Martin A.Locke Michael Jenkins robert W.Steinriede Daniel S.McChesney USDA-Agricultural Research Service National Sedimentation Laboratory598 McElroy DriveOxfordMS 38655USA

Agricultural drainage ditches are conduits between production acreage and receiving aquatic *** overlooked for their mitigation capabilities,agricultural drainage ditches provide an important role for nutrient transformation via microbial *** in ecoenzyme activities have been used to elucidate microbial metabolism and resource demand of microbial communities to better understand the relationship between altered nutrient ratios and microbial activity in aquatic *** agricultural drainage ditches,one in the northeast portion of the Arkansas Delta and the other in the lower Mississippi Delta,were monitored for a *** samples were collected prior to each ditch being dredged(cleaned),and subsequent post-dredging samples occurred as soon as access was *** samples were then collected throughout a year to examine effects of dredging on selected nutrient concentrations and ecoenzymatic activity recovery in drainage ditch *** concentrations in sediments after dredging decreased 33–66%,depending on ditch and phosphorus extraction ***,ecoenzymatic activity was significantly decreased in most sediment samples after *** diacetate hydrolysis activity,an estimate of total microbial activity,decreased 56–67%after dredging in one of the two *** sample sites also had significant phosphorus and ecoenzymatic activity differences between the post-dredge samples and the year-long follow-up *** indicate microbial metabolism in dredged drainage ditches may take up to a year or more to recover to pre-dredged ***,while sediment nutrient concentrations may be decreased through dredging and removal,runoff and erosion events over time tend to quickly replenish nutrient concentrations in replaced *** nutrient dynamics and microbial metabolism within agricultural drainage ditches is a crucial step toward addressing issues of nutri

关键词： Phosphorus FDA Denitrification Mehlich iii Microbial Metabolism

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The Joumey of the Magi： A Lyric Monologue for First and Second Voices and Three-in-One Character（s）

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Journal of Literature and Art Studies 2017年第12期7卷 1511-1529页

作者： robert Keir Shepherd Universidad Autonoma de Madrid Madrid Spain

Although T. S. Eliot＇s ＂The Journey of the Magi＂ is a religious poem in the profoundest sense, the title of my paper is intended to give only a sly wink at Trinitarianism. My real object is to explain how Eliot contrived to manufacture a poem which, at fu＇st glance, resembles a dramatic monologue （generally understood as a poem for one voice----that of a historical/fictional/mythological character addressing a silent listener, group of listeners or reader）, yet which is slowly revealed as a lyrical monologue （for the poet＇s own voice） which yet--and this quite intentionally----contains considerably more than mere echoes of another two speakers： namely a Magus and the biblical translator and, most famously, sermon writer Archbishop Launcelot Andrewes （1555-1626） court preacher to James 1 and Charles 1 of England. I wish to show how Eliot, in writing what is ultimately confessional verse, goes out of his way to hoodwink the reader by allowing the first two of his ＂{The} Three Voices of Poetry＂（1957） to overlap with and then incorporate the third. His own descriptions of these voices are （i） lyric, defined as ＂the poet talking to himself＂, （ii） that of the single speakerwho gives a （dramatic） monologuel ＂addressing an {imaginary} audience in an assumed voice＂ and （iii） that of the verse dramatist ＂who attempts to create a dramatic character speaking in verse when he {i.e. the author} is saying.., only what he can say within the limits of one imaginary character addressing another imaginary character＂ yet adding ＂some bit of himself that the author gives to a character may be the germ from which that character starts＂（Eliot, 1957, pp. 38, 40）. The basis of my argument is that such an act of＂giving of the self＇ as the raw material for the creation of a dramatic monologue persona as well as a character designed for the stage had been part and parcel of Eliot＇s modus operandi up to and including ＂Prufrock＂ and The Waste Land; further, that in ＂The Journey of the Magi＂ an

关键词： dramatic monologue dramatic poetry lyric monologue peritext subjective self

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