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Insect Science 2010年第5期17卷 414-426页

作者： Weiguang Liang Alan Meats G. Andrew c. Beattie robert Spooner-Hartt Laura Jiang centre for Plant and Food Sciences University of Western Sydney School of Biological Sciences University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Austrafia

The disruptive effects of an nc24 horticultural mineral oil （HMO） and two other insecticides （carbaryl and methidathion） on two armored scale insects and natural enemy fauna were evaluated in two citrus orchards. In the first orchard, all three spray treatments and non-sprayed controls were distributed separately among individual trees in one block, whereas in the second orchard the control, HMO and methidathion treatments were applied at the level of whole blocks. The results in both orchards were similar. All three of the spray treatments had a lethal effect on the red scale insects and the effects of HMO and methidathion tested at the second site lasted for at least 19 weeks and for purple scale, at least 50 weeks. HMO did not have a significant effect on the abundance and species diversity of parasitoids and （for the most part） did not affect coccinellids and predatory mites. Both carbaryl and methidathion caused significant ongoing disruption to the above groups. No treatment resulted in the resurgence of the scale insects or the outbreak ofphytophagous mites, even where whole blocks were sprayed.

关键词： conservation HMO replacement resurgence water saving

Growth factor delivery using extracellular matrix-mimicking substrates for musculoskeletal tissue engineering and repair

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Bioactive Materials 2021年第7期6卷 1945-1956页

作者： robert c.H.Gresham chelsea S.Bahney J.Kent Leach Uc Davis Department of Biomedical EngineeringDavisCAUSA Steadman Phillippon Research Institute VailCOUSA UcSF Orthopaedic Trauma Institute San FranciscoCAUSA Uc Davis Health Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryDavisCAUSA

Therapeutic approaches for musculoskeletal tissue regeneration commonly employ growth factors(GFs)to influence neighboring cells and promote migration,proliferation,or *** promising results in preclinical models,the use of inductive biomacromolecules has achieved limited success in translation to the *** field has yet to sufficiently overcome substantial hurdles such as poor spatiotemporal control and supraphysiological dosages,which commonly result in detrimental side *** presentation and retention of biomacromolecules is regulated by the extracellular matrix(EcM),which acts as a reservoir for GFs via electrostatic *** in the manipulation of extracellular proteins,decellularized tissues,and synthetic EcM-mimetic applications across a range of biomaterials have increased the ability to direct the presentation of *** application of biomaterial technologies utilizing EcM mimetics increases tissue regeneration without the reliance on supraphysiological doses of inductive *** review describes recent strategies to manage GF presentation using EcM-mimetic substrates for the regeneration of bone,cartilage,and muscle.

关键词： Growth factor Extracellular matrix Spatiotemporal control Tissue engineering Affinity

Systematic review and meta-analysis on the association of tuberculosis in crohn's disease patients treated with tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors(Anti-TNFα)

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第25期24卷 2764-2775页

作者： Brent L cao Ahmad Qasem robert c Sharp Latifa S Abdelli Saleh A Naser Division of Molecular Microbiology Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences College of Medicine University of Central Florida

AIM To perform a meta-analysis on the risk of developing Mycobacterium tuberculosis(TB) infection in crohn's disease(cD) patients treated with tumor necrosis factoralpha(TNFα) *** A meta-analysis of randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled trials of TNFα inhibitors for treatment of cD in adults was conducted. Arcsine transformation of TB incidence was performed to estimate risk difference. A novel epidemiologically-based correction(EBc) enabling inclusions of studies reporting no TB infection cases in placebo and treatment groups was developed to estimate relative *** Twenty-three clinical trial studies were identified, including 5669 patients. Six TB infection cases were reported across 5 studies, all from patients receiving TNFα inhibitors. Eighteen studies reported no TB infection cases in placebo and TNFα inhibitor treatment arms. TB infection risk was significantly increased among patients receiving TNFα inhibitors, with a risk difference of 0.028(95%cI: 0.0011-0.055). The odds ratio was 4.85(95%cI: 1.02-22.99) with EBc and 5.85(95%cI: 1.13-30.38) without *** The risk of TB infection is higher among cD patients receiving TNFα inhibitors. Understanding the immunopathogenesis of cD is crucial, since using TNFα inhibitors in these patients could favor mycobacterial infections, particularly Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, which ultimately could worsen their clinical condition.

关键词： Tuberculosis Tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors crohn’s Disease Meta-analysis Systematic review

Liquid deposition photolithography for submicrometer resolution three-dimensional index structuring with large throughput

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Light(Science & Applications) 2013年第1期2卷 209-214页

作者： Adam c Urness Eric D Moore Keith K Kamysiak Michael c cole robert R McLeod Department of Electrical Engineering University of Colorado at BoulderBoulderCO 80309USA.

Photonic devices increasingly require three-dimensional control of refractive index,but existing fabrication methods such as femtosecond micromachining,multilayer lithography and bulk diffusion can only address a select scale range,are often limited in complexity or thickness and have low *** introduce a new fabrication method and polymeric material that can efficiently create mm^(3) optical devices with programmable,gradient index of refraction with arbitrary feature *** contrast of 0.1 is demonstrated,which is 100 times larger than femtosecond micromachining,and 20 times larger than commercial holographic *** is achieved by repetitive microfluidic layering of a self-developing photopolymer structured by projection *** process has the unusual property that total fabrication time for a fixed thickness decreases with the number of layers,enabling fabrication 10^(5) faster than femtosecond *** demonstrate the process by sequentially writing 100 layers to fabricate a mm thick waveguide array.

关键词： holographic photopolymers lithography photonic device fabrication single photon polymerization three-dimensional structuring

Animated images in the analysis of zebrafish behavior

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current Zoology 2017年第1期63卷 35-44页

作者： robert GERLAI Department of Psychology University of Toronto Mississauga 3359 Mississauga Road North Rm CCT4004Mississauga Ontario Canada LSL 1C6

This invited review is based upon a recent oral paper I presented at the Virtual Reality Symposiumof the 34th International Ethological conference （2015, cairns, Australia）, and as such it describesstudies conducted mainly in my own laboratory. It reviews how we utilized visual stimuli for induc-ing behavioral responses in the zebrafish with a focus on shoaling, group forming behavior. Thezebrafish is gaining increasing popularity in neuroscience. With this interest, its behavior is alsomore frequently studied. One of the many advantages of the zebrafish over traditional laboratoryrodents is that this species is diurnal, and it relies heavily upon its visual system. Thus, similarly toour own species, zebrafish respond to visual stimuli in a robust and easily quantifiable manner. Forthe past decade, we have been exploring how to use such visual stimuli, and have developed nu-merous paradigms with which we can induce and quantify a variety of behavioral responses,including shoaling. This review summarizes some of these studies, and discusses questions includ-ing whether one should use live fish as stimulus, whether and how one could present animated（moving images） of fish, and how one could optimize a range of stimulus presentation parametersto elicit the most robust responses in zebrafish. Although the zebrafish is a relative newcomer inethology and behavioral neuroscience, and although many of our findings only represent the firststeps in this research, our results suggest that the behavioral analysis of the zebrafish will have animportant place in biomedical research.

关键词： alcohol, animated images, high-throughput screening, learning and memory, schooling fish, shoaling, social behavior,zebra fish.

A general mirror equivalence theorem for coset vertex operator algebras

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Science china Mathematics 2024年第10期67卷 2237-2282页

作者： robert McRae Yau Mathematical Sciences center Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

We prove a general mirror duality theorem for a subalgebra U of a simple conformal vertex algebra A and its commutant V=comA(U).Specifically,we assume that A≌■_(i∈I)U_(i)■V_(i) as a U■V-module,where the U-modules Uiare simple and distinct and are objects of a semisimple braided ribbon category of Umodules,and the V-modules Viare semisimple and contained in a(not necessarily rigid) braided tensor category of *** also assume U=comA(V).Under these conditions,we construct a braid-reversed tensor equivalence τ:u_(A)→v_(A),where u_(A)is the semisimple category of U-modules with simple objects Ui,i∈I,and v_(A)is the category of V-modules whose objects are finite direct sums of *** particular,the V-modules Viare simple and distinct,and v_(A)is a rigid tensor *** an application,we find a rigid semisimple tensor subcategory of modules for the Virasoro algebra at central charge 13+6p+6p^(-1),p∈Z_(≥2), which is braided tensor equivalent to an abelian 3-cocycle twist of the category of finite-dimensional ***,the Virasoro vertex operator algebra at central charge 13+6p+6p^(-1)is the PSL_(2)(c)-fixed-point subalgebra of a simple conformal vertex algebra w(-p),analogous to the realization of the Virasoro vertex operator algebra at central charge 13-6p-6p^(-1)as the PSL_(2)(c)-fixed-point subalgebra of the triplet algebra W(p).

关键词： vertex operator algebras coset conformal eld theory braid-reversed tensor equivalence Virasoro algebra

Review of clinically Relevant Drug Interactions with Next Generation Hepatitis c Direct-acting Antiviral Agents

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Journal of clinical and Translational Hepatology 2020年第3期8卷 322-335页

作者： Jenny Hong robert c.Wright Nilu Partovi Eric M.Yoshida Trana Hussaini Pharmaceutical Sciences Vancouver General HospitalVancouverBCCanada Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada Liver Transplant Program Vancouver General HospitalVancouverBCCanada Division of Gastroenterology Faculty of MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada

In this review,we examine the pharmacokinetics and clinically relevant drug interactions of the newer generation direct-acting antivirals(DAAs)for the treatment of chronic hepatitis c,specifically sofosbuvir/velpatasvir(Epclusa®),sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir(Vosevi®),glecaprevir/pibrentasvir(Maviret®),and elbasvir/grazoprevir(Zepatier®).We searched MEDLINE(1948-January 2020),Embase(1964-January 2020),Google,and GoogleScholar using the terms pharmacokinetics,drug interaction,drug metabolism,sofosbuvir,velpatasvir,Epclusa,voxilaprevir,Vosevi,glecaprevir,pibrentasvir,Maviret,elbasvir,grazoprevir,and Zepatier,from inception to January 13,*** search was limited to randomized controlled trials,in vitro studies,prospective and retrospective human studies,drug monographs,abstracts,and conference *** relevant published literature on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions involving DAAs were reviewed and the data *** clinically relevant drug-drug interactions(DDIs)were identified with the newer generation DAAs and commonly prescribed ***3/4A protease inhibitors are more likely to be involved in DDIs,followed by NS5A inhibitors and NS5B polymerase *** majority of clinically relevant DDIs are predictable,according to known pharmacokinetic,pharmacodynamics,and physicochemical properties of DAAs;however,in select cases,unpredictable DDIs do *** expected,many drug interactions exist between newer generation DAAs and commonly prescribed *** the majority of clinically relevant interactions are predictable,many require therapeutic dose adjustment or careful selection of non-interacting *** select cases,severe and unpredictable drug interactions can *** should consult hepatitis c virus pharmacotherapy experts and tertiary drug interaction resources when initiating DAA therapy in patients taking other medications.

关键词： Hepatitis c Drug interactions Pharmacokinetics Direct-acting antiviral agents

Hydro-mechanical interaction effects and channelling in threedimensional fracture networks undergoing growth and nucleation

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2020年第4期12卷 707-719页

作者： Adriana Paluszny Robin NThomas Maria cSaceanu robert WZimmerman Department of Earth Science and Engineering Imperial College LondonLondonSW72AZUK

The flow properties of geomechanically generated discrete fracture networks are examined in the context of *** networks are generated by growing fractures in tension,modelling the low permeability rock as a linear elastic *** are modelled as discrete surfaces which grow quasi-statically within a three-dimensional(3D)*** may have their locations specified as a simulation input,or be generated as a function of damage,quantified using the local variation in equivalent *** properties of the grown networks are shown to be a product of in situ stress,relative orientation of initial flaws,and competitive process of fracture interaction and *** grow preferentially in the direction perpendicular to the direction of maximum tension and may deviate from this path due to mechanical fracture *** is significantly channelled through a subset of the fractures in the full domain,consistent with observations of other real and simulated *** the fracture networks grow,small changes in the geometry of the fractures lead to large changes in the locations and scale of primary flow *** flow variability and formation of channels are examined for two growing networks,one with a fixed amount of fractures,and another with nucleating *** interaction between fractures is shown to modify the local stress field,and in turn the aperture of the *** for single-phase flow are the results of hydro-mechanical effects in fracture networks during *** are the results of changes to the topology of the network as well as the result of mechanical self-organisation which occurs during interaction leading to growth and intersection.

关键词： Fracture growth Fracture mechanics Stress intensity factor(SIF) Quasi-static growth Finite elements

calcium phosphate conversion technique:A versatile route to develop corrosion resistant hydroxyapatite coating over Mg/Mg alloys based implants

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2022年第7期10卷 1821-1845页

作者： G.S.Hikku c.Arthi R.B.Jeen robert K.Jeyasubramanian R.Murugesan Medical Bionanotechnology Faculty of Allied Health SciencesChettinad Hospital and Research InstituteChettinad Academy of Research and EducationKelambakkamTamilnadu 603103India Nanobiotechnology Amirta Centre for Nanoscience and Molecular MedicineAmirtha Vishwa VidhyapeethamErnakulamKerala 682041India Department of Mechanical Engineering AAA College of Engineering and TechnologySivakasiTamilnadu 626005India Department of chemistry Mepco Schlenk Engineering CollegeSivakasiTamilnadu 626005India Karpaga Vinayaga Institute of Medical Sciences and Research centre PalayanoorTamilnadu 603308India

Globally,vast research interest is emerging towards the development of biodegradable orthopedic implants as it overcomes the toxicity exerted by non-degradable implants when fixed in the human body for a longer *** this context,magnesium(Mg)plays a major role in the production of biodegradable implants owing to their characteristic degradation nature under the influence of body ***,Mg is one of the essential nutrients required to perform various metabolic activities by the human cells,and therefore,the degraded Mg products will be readily absorbed by the nearby ***,the higher corrosion rate in the biological environment is the primary downside of using Mg implants that liberate H2gas resulting in the formation of ***,in certain cases,Mg undergoes complete degradation before the healing of damaged bone tissue and cannot serve the purpose of providing mechanical ***,many studies have been focused on the development of different strategies to improve the corrosion-resistant behavior of Mg according to the *** this regard,the present review focused on the limitations of using pure Mg and Mg alloys for the fabrication of medical implants and how the calcium phosphate conversion coating alters the corrosive tendency through the formation of hydroxyapatite protective films for enhanced performance in medical implant applications.

关键词： Biodegradable implants Magnesium controlled corrosion Alloying Hydroxyapatite calcium phosphate conversion coating

Distal small bowel motility and lipid absorption in patients following abdominal aortic aneurysm repair surgery

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第4期12卷 582-587页

作者： robert J Fraser Marc Ritz Addolorata c Di Matteo Rosalie Vozzo Monika Kwiatek robert Foreman Brendan Stanley Jack Walsh Jim Burnett Paul Jury John Dent Department of Medicine University of AdelaideSouth Australia Department of Gastroenterology Royal Adelaide HospitalAdelaide South Australia Vascular Unit Royal Adelaide Hospital AdelaideSouth Australia Gastrointestinal Investigation Unit Repatriation General Hospital Daw Park South Australia Vascular Unit Repatriation General Hospital Daw Park SouthAustralia

AIM： To investigate distal small bowel motility and lipid absorption in patients following elective abdominal aortic aneurysm （AAA） repair surgery, METHODS： Nine patients （aged 35-78 years; body mass index （BMI） range： 23-36 kg/m2） post-surgery for AAA repair, and seven healthy control subjects （20-50 years; BMI range： 21-29 kg/m^2） were studied, continuous distal small bowel manometry was performed for up to 72 h, during periods of fasting and enteral feeding （Nutrison）. Recordings were analyzed for the frequency, odgin, length of migration, and direction of small intestinal burst activity. Lipid absorption was assessed on the first day and the third day post surgery in a subset of patients using the ^13c-triolein-breath test, and compared with healthy controls. Subjects received a 20-min intraduodenal infusion of 50 mL liquid feed mixed with 200μL ^13c-triolein. End-expiratory breath samples were collected for 6 h and analyzed for ^13cO2 concentration. RESULTS： The frequency of burst activity in the proximal and distal small intestine was higher in patients than in healthy subjects, under both fasting and fed conditions （P〈 0.005）. In patients there was a higher proportion of abnormally propagated bursts （71% abnormal）, which began to normalize by d 3 （25% abnormal） *** absorption data was available for seven patients on d 1 and four patients on d 3 post surgery. In patients, absorption on d 1 post-surgery was half that of healthy control subjects （AUc ^13cO2 1323±244 vs 2646±365; P〈0.05, respectively）, and was reduced to the one-fitch that of healthy controls by d 3 （AUc ^13cO2 470±832 vs 2646±365; P〈 0.05, respectively）. cONcLUSION： Both proximal and distal small intestinal motor activity are transiently disrupted in critically ill patients immediately after major surgery, with abnormal motility patterns extending as far as the ileum. These motor disturbances may contribute to impaired absorption of enteral nutrition, especially when intralumi

关键词： critical illness Small intestine Motility Lipid absorption