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Calcium phosphate conversion technique:A versatile route to develop corrosion resistant hydroxyapatite coating over Mg/Mg alloys based implants

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2022年第7期10卷 1821-1845页

作者： G.S.Hikku C.Arthi R.b.Jeen robert K.Jeyasubramanian R.Murugesan Medical bionanotechnology Faculty of Allied Health SciencesChettinad Hospital and Research InstituteChettinad Academy of Research and EducationKelambakkamTamilnadu 603103India Nanobiotechnology Amirta Centre for Nanoscience and Molecular MedicineAmirtha Vishwa VidhyapeethamErnakulamKerala 682041India Department of Mechanical Engineering AAA College of Engineering and TechnologySivakasiTamilnadu 626005India Department of Chemistry Mepco Schlenk Engineering CollegeSivakasiTamilnadu 626005India Karpaga Vinayaga Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre PalayanoorTamilnadu 603308India

Globally,vast research interest is emerging towards the development of biodegradable orthopedic implants as it overcomes the toxicity exerted by non-degradable implants when fixed in the human body for a longer *** this context,magnesium(Mg)plays a major role in the production of biodegradable implants owing to their characteristic degradation nature under the influence of body ***,Mg is one of the essential nutrients required to perform various metabolic activities by the human cells,and therefore,the degraded Mg products will be readily absorbed by the nearby ***,the higher corrosion rate in the biological environment is the primary downside of using Mg implants that liberate H2gas resulting in the formation of ***,in certain cases,Mg undergoes complete degradation before the healing of damaged bone tissue and cannot serve the purpose of providing mechanical ***,many studies have been focused on the development of different strategies to improve the corrosion-resistant behavior of Mg according to the *** this regard,the present review focused on the limitations of using pure Mg and Mg alloys for the fabrication of medical implants and how the calcium phosphate conversion coating alters the corrosive tendency through the formation of hydroxyapatite protective films for enhanced performance in medical implant applications.

关键词： biodegradable implants Magnesium Controlled corrosion Alloying Hydroxyapatite Calcium phosphate conversion coating

Global prevalence and gender inequalities in at least 60 min of self-reported moderate-to-vigorous physical activity 1 or more days per week:An analysis with 707,616 adolescents

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第5期13卷 709-716页

作者： Raphael H.O.Araujo AndrúO.Werneck Clarice L.Martins Luciana L.barboza Rafael M.Tassitano Nicolas Aguilar-Farias Gilmar M.Jesus Robinson Ramírez-Véelez Riki Tesler Adewale L.Oyeyemi Ellen C.M.Silva robert G.Weaver Mark S.Tremblay Javier brazo-Sayavera Grégore I.Mielke Danilo R.P.Silva Graduation Program in Health Sciences Londrina State University(UEL)Londrina 86057-970Brazil Center for Epidemiological Research in Nutrition and Health Department of NutritionSchool of Public HealthUniversidade de Sao Paulo(USP)Sao Paulo 01246-904Brazil Department of Physical Education Federal University of ParaıbaParaıba 58051-900Brazil Research Centre of Physical Activity Health and LeisureFaculty of SportsLaboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health(ITR)University of PortoPorto 4500Portugal Postgraduate Program in Physical Education University of BrasıliaBrasılia 70910-900Brazil Department of Kinesiology and Community Health University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignChampaignIL 61801-3841USA Department of Physical Education Sports and RecreationUniversidad de La FronteraTemuco 4680000Chile Department of Health State University of Feira de SantanaFeira de Santana 44036-900Brazil Navarrabiomed Hospital Universitario de Navarra(HUN)Navarra Institute for Health Research(IdiSNA)Universidad Publica de Navarra(UPNA)Pamplona 31006Spain Facultad de Ciencias de la Educacion Unidad Central del Valle del Cauca(UCEVA)TuluaValle del Cauca 763022Colombia Health Management Department Faculty of Heath sciencesAriel UniversityAriel 40700Israel College of Health Solutions Arizona State UniversityPhoenixAZ 85004USA Arnold School of Public Health University of South CarolinaColumbiaSC 29208USA Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research InstituteOttawaON K1H 8L1Canada Department of Pediatrics University of OttawaOttawaON K1H 8L1Canada Department of Health Sciences Carleton UniversityOttawaON K1S 5B6Canada Department of Sports and Computer Science Universidad Pablo de Olavide(UPO)Seville 41013Spain Centro Universitario Regional Noreste Universidad de la RepublicaRivera 40000Uruguay School of Public Health The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD 4006Australia Department of Physical Education

background:Guidelines recommend that adolescents should accumulate an average of 60 min per day of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA).However,using only this cut-off could hide important *** instance,from a population-level point of view,increasing physical activity for those with no or low physical activity could provide more health benefits than increasing physical activity for those with intermediate ***,including a more sensitive cut-point of≥1 days per week could be an additional strategy for identifying those with low access/opportunities for physical activity ***,the current study aims to estimate the prevalence of≥60 min of MVPA≥1 days per week among adolescents globally,and to describe any relevant gender ***:We used representative datasets from 146 countries/territories collected between 2003 and *** was *** were grouped into younger(≤14 years old)and older(>14 years old)*** Poisson regression models were used to identify the relative differences in≥60 min of MVPA≥1 days per week between boys and girls,and random-effects meta-analysis models were used to identify the pooled *** were stratified by country and ***:Approximately 80%of both younger and older adolescents reported≥60 min of MVPA≥1 days per *** prevalence was≥94%in Europe and Central Asia and North America,while the estimates for the other regions wereboys than girls,with the largest differences occurring among the oldest adolescents(Prevalence ratio_(≤14y)=1.04(95%confidence interval(95%CI)):1.03-1.04)*** ratio_(>14y)=1.09(95%CI:1.08-1.10)).Conclusion:Approximately 8 out of 10 adolescents reported accumulating≥60 min of MVPA≥1 days per week,with notable differences between *** differences were observed in several countries,especially among the oldest *** fo

关键词： Global School-based Student Health Survey Health behaviour Among School-aged Children survey Inequality Surveillance Youth

Nonselective beta-blocker use is associated with increased hepatic encephalopathy-related readmissions in cirrhosis

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第23期10卷 8097-8106页

作者： Mohammad Amin Fallahzadeh Sumeet K Asrani Elliot b Tapper Giovanna Saracino robert S Rahimi Department of Internal Medicine Baylor University Medical CenterDallasTX 75246United States Division of Hepatology Baylor University Medical CenterDallasTX 75246United States Division of Hepatology University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109United States

bACKGROUND Hepatic encephalopathy(HE)is a neurocognitive condition in cirrhosis leading to frequent *** beta-blockers(NSbbs)are the mainstay of pharmacologic treatment in cirrhotic *** hypothesized that since NSbbs decrease cardiac output and portal flow,the decreased metabolic filtering process of liver parenchyma may lead to increased HE-related *** To evaluate the impact of NSbb administration on HE-related readmissions in cirrhotic *** In this retrospective cohort study,we included 393 patients admitted to baylor University Medical Center for liver-related portal hypertension indications between January 2013 and July *** predictors of the first HErelated readmissions were identified using Cox proportional hazards *** cumulative incidence of the first HE-related readmissions between patients receiving NSbbs and not receiving NSbbs was examined using Fine-Gray modeling to account for the competing risk of death or liver *** The mean age was 58.1±10.2 years and most patients fell into Child class C(49.1%)or b(43.8%).The median Model for End-Stage Liver Disease-Sodium score was 22(IQR:11).The cumulative incidence of the first HE-related readmissions was significantly higher in patients taking NSbbs compared to patients not receiving NSbbs(71.8%vs 41.8%,Pbeta-blocker,lactulose and rifaximin use,NSbb use[Hazard ratio:1.74(95%CI:1.29-2.34)]was independently associated with the first HE-related readmissions over a median follow-up of 3.8 *** NSbb use is independently associated with increased HE-related readmissions in patients with cirrhosis,regardless of liver disease severity.

关键词： Altered mental status Ascites Esophageal varices Liver disease Portal hypertension Hospitalization

Hydrogel-based local drug delivery strategies for spinal cord repair

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第2期16卷 247-253页

作者： robert b.Shultz Yinghui Zhong School of biomedical Engineering Science and Health SystemsDrexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPAUSA Department of Neurosurgery University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA Department of bioengineering University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA New Jersey Center for biomaterials Rutgers–The State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNJUSA Center for Neurotrauma Neurodegeneration&RestorationCorporal Michael J.Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical CenterPhiladelphiaPAUSA

Spinal cord injury results in significant loss of motor, sensory, and autonomic functions. Although a wide range of therapeutic agents have been shown to attenuate secondary injury or promote regeneration/repair in animal models of spinal cord injury, clinical translation of these strategies has been limited, in part due to difficulty in safely and effectively achieving therapeutic concentrations in the injured spinal cord tissue. Hydrogelbased drug delivery systems offer unique opportunities to locally deliver drugs to the injured spinal cord with sufficient dose and duration, while avoiding deleterious side effects associated with systemic drug administration. Such local drug delivery systems can be readily fabricated from biocompatible and biodegradable materials. In this review, hydrogel-based strategies for local drug delivery to the injured spinal cord are extensively reviewed, and recommendations are made for implementation.

关键词： drug carriers drug delivery hydrogels microparticles nanoparticles neurotrophic factors scaffolds spinal cord injury

Global Reference Grids for big Earth Data

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big Earth Data 2022年第3期6卷 251-255页

作者： robert G.Gibb Matthew b.J.Purss Zoheir Sabeur Peter Strobl Tengteng Qu Manaaki Whenua–Landcare Research Palmerston NorthNew Zealand Pangaea Innovations Pty.Ltd CanberraAustralia Department of Computing and Informatics Talbot CampusUniversity of BournemouthBournemouthUK European Commission Joint Research Centre(JRC)IspraItaly College of Engineering Peking UniversityBeijingChina

The emerging field of Discrete Global Grid Systems(DGGS)provides a way to organise,store and analyse spatio-temporal data at multiple resolutions and scales(from near global scales down to microns).DGGS partition the entire planet into a discrete hierarchy of global tessellations of progressively finer resolution zones(or cells).Data integration,decomposition and aggregation are optimised by assigning a unique spatio-temporal identifier to each *** identifiers are encodings of both the zone’s location and its *** a result,complex multi-dimensional,multi-resolution spatio-temporal operations are simplified into sets of 1D array and filter operations.

关键词： operations simplified partition

Influence of temperature and pressure during thermoforming of softwood pulp

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Journal of bioresources and bioproducts 2023年第4期8卷 408-420页

作者： Eva Pasquier robert Skunde Jost Ruwoldt RISE PFI AS Høgskoleringen 6BTrondheim 7491Norway TU-berlin Institute for Polymer Technology and Polymer PhysicsErnst Reuter Platz 1Berlin 10587Germany

In this study,the influence of thermoforming conditions on the resulting material properties was investigated,which aimed at developing advanced wood-fiber-based materials for the replacement of fossil *** bleached softwood pulps were studied,i.e.,northern bleached softwood Kraft pulp(NbSK)and chemi-thermomechanical softwood pulp(CTMP).The thermoforming conditions were varied between 2–100 MPa and 150–200℃,while pressing sheets of 500 g/m^(2)for 10 min to represent thin-walled packaging more *** our results showed,the temperature had a more pronounced effect on the CTMP substrates than on the Kraft *** was explained by the greater abundance of lignin and hemicelluloses,while fibrillar dimensions and the fines content may play a role in ***,the CTMP exhibited an optimum in terms of tensile strength at intermediate thermoforming *** effect was attributed to two counteracting effects:1)Improved fiber adhesion due to enhanced densification,and 2)embrittlement caused by the loss of *** temperatures likely softened the lignin,enabling fiber collapse and a tighter *** the Kraft substrates,the tensile strength increased linearly with *** pulps showed reduced wetting at elevated thermoforming temperature and pressure,which was attributed to hornification and densification ***,the effect of temperature was again more pronounced for CTMP than for the Kraft *** was concluded that the thermoforming temperature and pressure strongly affected the properties of the final *** chemical composition of the pulps will distinctly affect their response to thermoforming,which could be useful for tailoring cellulose-based replacements for packaging products.

关键词： Thermoforming Molded pulp Fiber-based materials Softwood pulp CTMP NbSK

Perceived stigma and quality of life in Parkinson’s disease with additional health conditions

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General Psychiatry 2022年第3期35卷 192-200页

作者： Samia S Islam Sandy Neargarder Shraddha b Kinger Joshua T Fox-Fuller robert D Salazar Alice Cronin-Golomb Department of Psychological and brain Sciences Boston UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA Department of Psychology Bridgewater State UniversityBridgewaterMassachusettsUSA

background Parkinson’s disease(PD)is associated with perceived stigma and affects quality of life(QoL).Additional health conditions may influence these consequences of *** This study assessed the impact of health conditions on perceived stigma and QoL in persons with *** hypothesised that individuals with more health conditions would report more stigma and poorer *** also examined the contributions of demographic and clinical characteristics to the correlations between health conditions and perceived stigma/*** We identified 196 eligible participants from the boston University Online Survey Study of Parkinson’s Disease and examined their health history,performance on multiple stigma measures,and scores on the 39-item Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire assessing *** At least one health condition was reported by 79%of the sample,with a median of 2 and a range of 0–7 health *** perceived stigma and poorer QoL were associated with thyroid disease,depression,anxiety,and the total number of health *** correlations were related to younger age,less education,and earlier disease *** health conditions(high blood pressure,back/leg surgery,headache,cancer/tumours,and heart disease)were not significantly correlated with stigma or *** Having more health conditions,or thyroid disease,depression,or anxiety,was associated with more perceived stigma and poorer QoL,with younger age,less education,and earlier disease onset affecting the *** is important to consider the burden of health conditions and how they affect persons with PD with specific clinical characteristics.

关键词： younger life education

Minocycline targets multiple secondary injury mechanisms in traumatic spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第5期12卷 702-713页

作者： robert b.Shultz Yinghui Zhong School of biomedical Engineering Science and Health Systems Drexel University Philadelphia PA USA

Minocycline hydrochloride（MH）, a semi-synthetic tetracycline derivative, is a clinically available antibiotic and anti-inflammatory drug that also exhibits potent neuroprotective activities. It has been shown to target multiple secondary injury mechanisms in spinal cord injury, via its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-apoptotic properties. The secondary injury mechanisms that MH can potentially target include inflammation, free radicals and oxidative stress, glutamate excitotoxicity, calcium influx, mitochondrial dysfunction, ischemia, hemorrhage, and edema. This review discusses the potential mechanisms of the multifaceted actions of MH. Its anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects are partially achieved through conserved mechanisms such as modulation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase（MAPK） and phosphoinositide 3-kinase（PI3K）/Akt signaling pathways as well as inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases（MMPs）. Additionally, MH can directly inhibit calcium influx through the N-methyl-D-aspartate（NMDA） receptors, mitochondrial calcium uptake, poly（ADP-ribose） polymerase-1（PARP-1） enzymatic activity, and iron toxicity. It can also directly scavenge free radicals. because it can target many secondary injury mechanisms, MH treatment holds great promise for reducing tissue damage and promoting functional recovery following spinal cord injury.

关键词： minocycline inflammation anti-oxidant neuroprotection oxidative stress glutamate exitotoxicity cytochrome c P38 MAPK PI3K/Akt calcium influx

Invasion syndromes:hypotheses on relationships among invasive species attributes and characteristics of invaded sites

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Journal of Arid Land 2013年第3期5卷 275-283页

作者： Lora b PERKINS robert S NOWAK Department of Natural Resource Management South Dakota State UniversityBrookings SD 57007USA Department of Natural Resources & Environmental Science University of NevadaReno NV 89557USA

As invasion science accepts that there is no single causal factor for biological invasion, the identification of groups of traits that are often associated, or ＂syndromes＂, is a logical move forward. Invasion syndromes are proposed to identify suites of site conditions （biotic and environmental） that render a site vulnerable to invasion by different types of invaders. This paper proposed four invasion syndromes which relate invader attributes （competitive ability, niche construction, phenotypic plasticity, and phenological niche separation） to the biotic characteristics （biodiversity and enemies） and environmental conditions （resource abundance and fluctuation） of invaded sites. The four invasion syndromes described in this paper are a development of hypotheses of how the many factors that influence species invasion might be associated. Invasion Syndrome 1 proposes that sites with relatively high resource abundance and high diversity should be vulnerable to invasion by species with high competitive ability. Invasion Syndrome 2 hypothesizes that sites with relatively low resource abundance and low diversity should be vulnerable to invasion by species with niche construction ability. Invasion Syndrome 3 postulates that sites with moderate or fluctuating resources and moderate diversity should be vulnerable to invasion by species with high phenotypic plasticity. Invasion Syndrome 4 hypothesizes that species introduced into a site where it has phenological niche separation from natives will not have to contend with interference from the biotic community at a site （diversity or natural enemies） and may invade where ever site environmental conditions suit its life history. Further work is needed to support, contradict, or refine these hypotheses and almost certainly will identify more invasion syndromes.

关键词： non-native competitive ability niche construction ecosystem engineering phenotypic plasticity phenological niche separation