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Interleukin-1:an important target for perinatal neuroprotection?

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中国神经再生研究：英文版 2023年第1期18卷 47-50页

作者： Sharmony b.Kelly Elys Green Rod W.Hunt Claudia A.Nold-Petry Alistair J.Gunn Marcel F.Nold robert Galinsky The Ritchie Centre Hudson Institute of Medical ResearchMelbourneVictoriaAustralia Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Monash UniversityVictoriaAustralia Department of Pediatrics Monash UniversityVictoriaAustralia Monash Newborn Monash Children’s HospitalMelbourneAustralia Department of Physiology The University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand

Perinatal inflammation is a significant risk factor for lifelong neurodevelopmental impairments such as cerebral *** clinical and preclinical evidence links the severity and pattern of perinatal inflammation to impaired maturation of white and grey matters and reduced brain *** pathways are involved in the pathogenesis of perinatal ***,studies of human and experimental perinatal encephalopathy have demonstrated a strong causative link between perinatal encephalopathy and excessive production of the pro-inflammatory effector cytokine *** this review,we summarize clinical and preclinical evidence that underpins interleukin-1 as a critical factor in initiating and perpatuating systemic and central nervous system inflammation and subsequent perinatal brain *** also highlight the important role of endogenous interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in mitigating interleukin-1-driven neuroinflammation and tissue damage,and summarize outcomes from clinical and mechanistic animal studies that establish the commercially available interleukin-1 receptor antagonist,anakinra,as a safe and effective therapeutic *** reflect on the evidence supporting clinical translation of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist for infants at the greatest risk of perinatal inflammation and impaired neurodevelopment,and suggest a path to advance interleukin-1 receptor antagonist along the translational path for perinatal neuroprotection.

关键词： brain inflammation interleukin-1 receptor antagonist interleukin-1 interleukin-1β neonatal encephalopathy neuroprotection preterm brain injury

On Local Singularities in Ideal Potential Flows with Free Surface

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series b 2019年第6期40卷 925-948页

作者： Jian-Guo LIU robert L.PEGO Department of Physics and Department of Mathematics Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA Department of Mathematical Sciences and Center for Nonlinear Analysis Carnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburghPennsylvaniaPA 12513USA

Despite important advances in the mathematical analysis of the Euler equations for water waves,especially over the last two decades,it is not yet known whether local singularities can develop from smooth data in well-posed initial value *** ideal free-surface flow with zero surface tension and gravity,the authors review existing works that describe"splash singularities",singular hyperbolic solutions related to jet formation and"flip-through",and a recent construction of a singular free surface by Zubarev and Karabut that however involves unbounded negative *** authors illustrate some of these phenomena with numerical computations of 2D flow based upon a conformal mapping *** tests with a different kind of initial data suggest the possibility that corner singularities may form in an unstable way from specially prepared initial data.

关键词： Incompressible flow Water wave equations Splash singularity Flipthrough Dirichlet hyperbolas Conformal mapping

Modified Cam-Clay model incorporating unified nonlinear strength criterion

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2011年第4期54卷 805-810页

作者： XIAO Yang LIU HanLong LIANG robert Y Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Geomechanics and Embankment Engineering Hohai University Nanjing 210098China 2 Geotechnical Research Institute Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China Department of Civil Engineering University of AkronAkron 44325USA

A unified nonlinear strength criterion(i.e UNS criterion) is proposed,for the sake of versatility,to capture the complex strength behaviors of frictional materials in geotechnical *** covers wide ranges on the meridian and octahedral planes to describe nonlinear strength behaviors of *** Modified Cam-Clay model,incorporating the unified nonlinear strength criterion,is employed as an example to derive working mathematical equations and to illustrate yielding surfaces in three-dimensional stress space for improving the model's predictive *** unified nonlinear strength criterion,demonstrated here,is capable of capturing the experimental results of different types of soils on the meridian and octahedral *** addition,the revised model,based on this unified nonlinear strength criterion,though very simple,is versatile to predict the true triaxial test results from literature when considering the influences of the intermediate principal stress on strength and deformation under complex stress conditions.

关键词： nonlinear strength criterion failure constitutive model complex stress condition

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专家介绍

金属热处理 2002年第4期 1-2页

作者： Dr.robert b Wood IFHTSE秘书长

Ｄｒ.ＧｅｏｒｇｅＥＴｏｔｔｅｎ简历(国际热处理与表面工程联合会 2 0 0 2～ 2 0 0 3年度主席 )ＧｅｏｒｇｅＴｏｔｔｅｎ＆ＡｓｓｏｃｉａｔｅｓＩｎｃ ,ＵＳＡ　ＰｒｅｓｉｄｅｎｔＩＦＨＴＳＥ 2 0 0 2～ 2 0 0 3Ｆｏｌｌｏｗｉｎ... 详细信息

Ｄｒ.ＧｅｏｒｇｅＥＴｏｔｔｅｎ简历(国际热处理与表面工程联合会 2 0 0 2～ 2 0 0 3年度主席 )ＧｅｏｒｇｅＴｏｔｔｅｎ＆ＡｓｓｏｃｉａｔｅｓＩｎｃ ,ＵＳＡ　ＰｒｅｓｉｄｅｎｔＩＦＨＴＳＥ 2 0 0 2～ 2 0 0 3ＦｏｌｌｏｗｉｎｇｍｉｌｉｔａｒｙｓｅｒｖｉｃｅａｎｄａｂｒｉｅｆｐｅｒｉｏｄｗｉｔｈＡｚｏｎＣｏｒｐｏｒａｔｉｏｎＬａｂｏｒａｔｏｒｙ ,ＤｒＧｅｏｒｇｅＥＴｏｔｔｅｎｅｎｔｅｒｅｄｔｈｅｓｅｒｖｉｃｅｏｆＵｎｉｏｎＣａｒｂｉｄｅＣｏｒｐｏｒａｔｉｏｎａｓａｌａｂｏｒａｔｏｒｙｔｅｃｈｎｉｃｉａｎｉｎ 1970 .Ｈｅｒｏｓｅｔｈｒｏｕｇｈｔｈｅｒａｎｋｓｔ

关键词：专家简历

Coal petrology and genesis of Jurassic coal in the Ordos basin,China

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Geoscience Frontiers 2012年第1期3卷 85-95页

作者： Weihua Ao Wenhui Huang Chengmin Weng Xiuling Xiao Dameng Liu Xiuyi Tang Ping Chen Zhigen Zhao Huan Wan robert b.Finkelman School of Energy Resources China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China Anhui University of Science and Technology HuainanAnhui 232001China The University of Texas at Dallas RichardsonTX 75083-0688USA

Multiple sets of thick coal beds characterized by simple structure and shallow burial depth were developed in the Early and Middle Jurassic strata of the Ordos basin, northwestern China. The huge reserves of this high quality coal have a high commercial value. We studied the coal＇s petrologic characteristics and its maceral distribution to determine the maceral＇s contribution to generation of oil and gas. The results show that the Jurassic coals in the Ordos basin have special petrological features because of the basin＇s unique depo- sitional environment which was mainly a series of high-stand swamps in the upper fluvial system. These petro- graphic features are a result of the development of typical inland lakes where some sand bodies were formed by migrating rivers. After burial, the peat continued to undergo oxidizing conditions, this process generated extensive higher inertinite contents in the coals and the vitrinite components were altered to semi-vitrinite. The macroscopic petrographic types of these Jurassic coals are mainly semi-dull coal, dull coal, semilustrous and lustrous coal. The proportions of semi-dull coal and dull coal are higher in the basin margins, especially in the area near the northern margin. The numbers of semilustrous and lustrous coals increase southwards and towards the central basin. This situation indicates that different coal-forming swamp environments have major controlling effects on the coal components. Another observation is that in the Ordos＇ coal sequences, especially in the lower part, some sandstone beds are thick, up to 20 m with a coarse grain size. The higher fusinite content in the macerals accompanies a higher semi-vitrinite content with more complete and regular plant cell structure. The fusinite structure is clear and well preserved. After burial, the lithology of the roof and floor rocks can continue to affect the evolution of coal petrology. The sand bodies in the roof and floor exhibit good physical conditions so th

关键词： Lower-Middle JurassicCoal-formingenvironment Coal maceral Ordos basin

Persistence of Healthcare-Associated (Nosocomial) Infections Due to Inadequate Hand Hygiene: Part 1—biological and Treatment Factors

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2018年第8期9卷 293-309页

作者： robert b. Raffa Joseph V. Pergolizzi robert Taylor Sanjib Choudhuri robert Rodenbeck University of Arizona College of Pharmacy Tucson AZ USA Professor Emeritus Temple University School of Pharmacy Philadelphia PA USA Neumentum Inc. Palo Alto CA USA NEMA Research Inc. Naples FL USA Delta Faucet Co. Indianapolis IN USA

The most frequent adverse event in the healthcare delivery system is acquisition of an infection within a healthcare facility. Since infection control measures are known, simple, and low-cost, we examine why the problem of healthcare-associated infections persists. Hundreds of millions of patients each year are affected by a healthcare-associated infection, with negative medical outcome and financial cost. It is a major public health problem even in countries with advanced healthcare systems. This is a bit perplexing, given that hygienic practices have been known and actively promoted. The objective is to address the question: doesn’t the use of disinfection, sterilization, handwashing, and alcohol rubs prevent the spread of pathogenic organisms? We conclude that the persistent high prevalence of nosocomial infections despite known hygienic practices is attributable to two categories of factors: biological and inherent shortcomings of some practices (considered in Part 1), and human factors (considered in Part 2). A new approach is presented in Part 3.

关键词： Infection Nosocomial Hospital Healthcare-Associated Hygiene Handwashing

Soil carbon and nutrient stocks under Scots pine plantations in comparison to European beech forests: a paired-plot study across forests with different management history and precipitation regimes

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Forest Ecosystems 2021年第3期8卷 628-643页

作者： Marco Diers robert Weigel Heike Culmsee Christoph Leuschner Plant Ecology Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant SciencesUniversity of GoettingenUntere Karspuele 237073 GoettingenGermany Centre of biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use(CbL) University of GoettingenBuesgenweg 137077 GoettingenGermany

background:Organic carbon stored in forest soils(SOC)represents an important element of the global C *** is thought that the C storage capacity of the stable pool can be enhanced by increasing forest productivity,but empirical evidence in support of this assumption from forests differing in tree species and productivity,while stocking on similar substrate,is ***:We determined the stocks of SOC and macro-nutrients(nitrogen,phosphorus,calcium,potassium and magnesium)in nine paired European beech/Scots pine stands on similar Pleistocene sandy substrates across a precipitation gradient(560–820mm∙yr−1)in northern Germany and explored the influence of tree species,forest history,climate,and soil pH on SOC and nutrient ***:While the organic layer stored on average about 80%more C under pine than beech,the pools of SOC and total N in the total profile(organic layer plus mineral soil measured to 60 cm and extrapolated to 100 cm)were greater under pine by about 40%and 20%,*** contrasts with a higher annual production of foliar litter and a much higher fine root biomass in beech stands,indicating that soil C sequestration is unrelated to the production of leaf litter and fine roots in these stands on Pleistocene sandy *** pools of available P and basic cations tended to be higher under *** precipitation nor temperature influenced the SOC pool,whereas tree species was a key *** extended data set(which included additional pine stands established more recently on former agricultural soil)revealed that,besides tree species identity,forest continuity is an important factor determining the SOC and nutrient pools of these ***:We conclude that tree species identity can exert a considerable influence on the stocks of SOC and macronutrients,which may be unrelated to productivity but closely linked to species-specific forest management histories,thus masking weaker climate and soil chemistry effects on pool sizes

关键词： basic cations Fagus sylvatica Forest history Nitrogen Paired plots Pinus sylvestris Productivity effect Soil organic carbon Tree species effect

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The conjure stories

Effect of lignite amendment on carbon and nitrogen mineralization from raw and composted manure during incubation with soil

作者： Charles W. Chesnutt edited by robert b. Stepto and Jennifer Rae Greeson.

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Pedosphere 2022年第5期32卷 785-795页

作者： robert IMPRAIM Anthony WEATHERLEY Deli CHEN Helen SUTER School of Agriculture and Food Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences.The University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoria 3010(Australia)

The application of animal manure as a source of plant nutrients requires the determination of the amount and pattern of nutrient mineralization from manure.A laboratory incubation study was conducted to investigate the influence of lignite amendment and lignite type on carbon(C)and nitrogen(N)mineralization in raw(feedstock)and composted cattle manure following application to soil at 30 and 60 t ha^(-1).The mineralization of C and N was determined by measuring changes in CO_(2) evolution and mineral N(NH_(4)^(+)-N+NO_(3)^(-)-N)over 40 *** results showed that lignite amendment suppressed the amount of manure C mineralized in both feedstock and compost,with the effect being more pronounced in the *** the 40-d incubation,the percentage of applied C mineralized was 26.4%-27.8%and 16.3%-21.4%in unamended and lignite-amended feedstocks,*** corresponding C mineralized in the composts was 12.4%-14.1%and 3.5%-6.5%.Lignite had no significant effect on the net N mineralized in compost(4.8%-6.7%and2.5%-7.8%in unamended and lignite-amended composts,respectively).Lignite had either no effect or increased the net N mineralized in feedstock(from3.2%-8.7%without lignite to 10.4%-13.5%)depending on the type of lignite *** study suggests that using lignite-amended manure,especially when composted,has the potential to build up soil organic C without limiting the availability of mineral N.

关键词： CO_(2)evolution manure mineralization mineral N nitrification soil incubation