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Global Reference Grids for big Earth Data

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big Earth Data 2022年第3期6卷 251-255页

作者： robert G.Gibb Matthew b.J.Purss Zoheir Sabeur Peter Strobl Tengteng Qu Manaaki Whenua–Landcare Research Palmerston NorthNew Zealand Pangaea Innovations Pty.Ltd CanberraAustralia Department of Computing and Informatics Talbot CampusUniversity of BournemouthBournemouthUK European Commission Joint Research Centre(JRC)IspraItaly College of Engineering Peking UniversityBeijingChina

The emerging field of Discrete Global Grid Systems(DGGS)provides a way to organise,store and analyse spatio-temporal data at multiple resolutions and scales(from near global scales down to microns).DGGS partition the entire planet into a discrete hierarchy of global tessellations of progressively finer resolution zones(or cells).Data integration,decomposition and aggregation are optimised by assigning a unique spatio-temporal identifier to each *** identifiers are encodings of both the zone’s location and its *** a result,complex multi-dimensional,multi-resolution spatio-temporal operations are simplified into sets of 1D array and filter operations.

关键词： operations simplified partition

Influence of temperature and pressure during thermoforming of softwood pulp

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Journal of bioresources and bioproducts 2023年第4期8卷 408-420页

作者： Eva Pasquier robert Skunde Jost Ruwoldt RISE PFI AS Høgskoleringen 6BTrondheim 7491Norway TU-berlin Institute for Polymer Technology and Polymer PhysicsErnst Reuter Platz 1Berlin 10587Germany

In this study,the influence of thermoforming conditions on the resulting material properties was investigated,which aimed at developing advanced wood-fiber-based materials for the replacement of fossil *** bleached softwood pulps were studied,i.e.,northern bleached softwood Kraft pulp(NbSK)and chemi-thermomechanical softwood pulp(CTMP).The thermoforming conditions were varied between 2–100 MPa and 150–200℃,while pressing sheets of 500 g/m^(2)for 10 min to represent thin-walled packaging more *** our results showed,the temperature had a more pronounced effect on the CTMP substrates than on the Kraft *** was explained by the greater abundance of lignin and hemicelluloses,while fibrillar dimensions and the fines content may play a role in ***,the CTMP exhibited an optimum in terms of tensile strength at intermediate thermoforming *** effect was attributed to two counteracting effects:1)Improved fiber adhesion due to enhanced densification,and 2)embrittlement caused by the loss of *** temperatures likely softened the lignin,enabling fiber collapse and a tighter *** the Kraft substrates,the tensile strength increased linearly with *** pulps showed reduced wetting at elevated thermoforming temperature and pressure,which was attributed to hornification and densification ***,the effect of temperature was again more pronounced for CTMP than for the Kraft *** was concluded that the thermoforming temperature and pressure strongly affected the properties of the final *** chemical composition of the pulps will distinctly affect their response to thermoforming,which could be useful for tailoring cellulose-based replacements for packaging products.

关键词： Thermoforming Molded pulp Fiber-based materials Softwood pulp CTMP NbSK

Rock fracture density characterization using measurement while drilling(MWD) techniques

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2018年第6期28卷 859-864页

作者： Mohammad babaei Khorzoughi robert Hall Derek Apel Norman b.Keevil Institute of Mining Engineering University of British Columbia School of Mining and Petroleum Engineering University of Alberta

Accurate determination of rock mass properties is a critical part of open-pit mine planning activities to enable more prescriptive blast designs to achieve improved loading and hauling and downstream process efficiency. better and more accurate blast practice that delivers enhanced outcomes(better fragmentation, improved diggability, less dilution, etc.) is a critical and fundamental element of being able to achieve an effective Mine-Mill approach at a mining operation. based on previous work, it has been demonstrated that an accurate representation of the rock mass properties can be obtained from the analysis of variations in blasthole drill performance as derived from measurement while drilling(MWD) systems when using tricone bits. This paper further investigates how monitored rate of penetration,pulldown force, rotary torque, rotary speed and bailing air pressure responses can be used to determine the presence of open and partially open fractures having varying dip angles. based on a correlation of geophysically measured fracture logs and monitored drill performance variables in the same blastholes, the results show that the latter responses can accurately determine open versus closed fractures. The results also identified that variations in rate of penetration and rotary torque show the most sensitivity in the presence of open fractures that intersect a vertical blasthole at near orthogonal angles.

关键词： Measurement while drilling Fractures Rotary blasthole drill Drill performance variables Fracture frequency Logging

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NOD2 and ATG16L1 polymorphisms affect monocyte responses in Crohn's disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第23期17卷 2829-2837页

作者： Dylan M Glubb Richard b Gearry Murray L barclay Rebecca L roberts John Pearson Jacqui I Keenan Judy McKenzie robert W bentley Department of Medicine University of ChicagoIL 60637-1470United States Department of Medicine University of OtagoChristchurch8140New Zealand Department of Gastroenterology Christchurch HospitalChristchurch8140New Zealand Department of biochemistry University of OtagoDunedin9054New Zealand Department of Pathology University of OtagoChristchurch8140New Zealand Department of Surgery University of OtagoChristchurch8140New Zealand Department of Haematology University of OtagoChristchurch8140New Zealand Department of Paediatrics University of OtagoChristchurch8140New Zealand

AIM： TO assess whether polymorphisms in NOD2 and ATG16L1 affect cytokine responses and mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis （MAP） survival in monocytes from Crohn＇s disease （CD） patients METHODS： Monocytes were isolated from peripheral blood of CD patients of known genotype for common single nucleotide polymorphisms of NOD2 and ATG16L1, Monocytes were challenged with MAP and bacterial per- sistence assessed at subsequent time-points. Cytokine responses were assayed using a Milliplex multi-analyte profiling assay for 13 cytokines. RESULTS： Monooltes heterozygous for a NOD2 polymorphism （R702W, P268S, or 1007fs） were more permissive for growth of MAP （P = 0.045） than those without. There was no effect of NOD2 genotype on subsequent cytokine expression. The T300A polymorphism of ATG16L1 did not affect growth of MAP in our model （P = 0.175）, but did increase expression of cytokines interleukin （IL）-10 （P = 0.047） and IL-6 （P = 0.019）. CONCLUSION： CD-associated polymorphisms affected the eliminaUon of MAP from ex v/vo monooltes （NOD2）, or expression of certain oltokines （ATG16LI）, implying independent but contributory roles in the pathogenesis of CD.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Mycobacteriumavium subspecies paratuberculosis Cytokine CARD15 Autophagy

Npy deletion in an alcohol non-preferring rat model elicits differential effects on alcohol consumption and body weight

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2016年第7期43卷 421-430页

作者： bin Qiu Richard L.bell Yong Cao Lingling Zhang robert b.Stewart Tamara Graves Lawrence Lumeng Weidong Yong Tiebing Liang Institute of Laboratory Animal Science Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100021 China Department of Psychiatry Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis IN 46202 USA Department of Gastroenterology Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis IN 46202 USA Department of Psychology Purdue School of Science Indiana University-Purdue University of Indianapolis Indianapolis IN 46202 USA Experimental Medicine Center The First Affiliated Hospital of Sichuan Medical University Luzhou 646000 China

Neuropeptide Y（NPY） is widely expressed in the central nervous system and influences many physiological *** is located within the rat quantitative trait locus（QTL） for alcohol preference on chromosome ***-nonpreferring（NP） rats consume very little alcohol,but have significantly higher NPY expression in the brain than alcohol-preferring（P） *** capitalized on this phenotypic difference by creating an Npy knockout（KO） rat using the inbred NP background to evaluate NPY effects on alcohol *** finger nuclease（ZNF） technology was applied,resulting in a 26-bp deletion in the Npy ***-PCR,Western blotting and immunohistochemistry confirmed the absence of Npy mRNA and protein in KO *** consumption was increased in Npy＋/- but not Npy-/- rats,while Npy-/- rats displayed significantly lower body weight when compared to Npy^（＋/＋） *** whole brain tissue,expression levels of Npy-related and other alcohol-associated genes,Npy1 r,Npy2r,Npy5 r,Agrp,Mc3 r,Mc4r,Crh and CrMr,were significantly greater in Npy-/- rats,whereas Pome and Crhr2 expressions were highest in Npy＋/- *** findings suggest that the NPY-system works in close coordination with the melanocortin（MC） and corticotropin-releasing hormone（CRH） systems to modulate alcohol intake and body weight.

关键词： Knockout rat Alcohol drinking behavior NPY and receptors CRH and receptors Melanocortin and receptors bDNF

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Androgen receptor deficiency in monocytes/ macrophages does not alter adiposity or glucose homeostasis in male mice

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2018年第3期20卷 276-283页

作者： Katya b Rubinow barbara Houston Shari Wang Leela Goodspeed Kayoko Ogimoto Gregory J Morton Christopher McCarty robert E braun Stephanie T Page Division of Metabolism Endocrinology and Nutrition Department of Medicine University of Washington School of Medicine Seattle WA 98195 USA Jackson Laboratory Bar Harbor ME 04609 USA

Androgen deprivation in men leads to increased adiposity, but the mechanisms underlying androgen regulation of fat mass have not been fully defined. Androgen receptor （AR） is expressed in monocytes/macrophages, which are resident in key metabolic tissues and influence energy metabolism in surrounding cells. Male mice bearing a cell-specific knockout of the AR in monocytes/macrophages （M-ARKO） were generated to determine whether selective loss of androgen signaling in these cells would lead to altered body composition. Wild-type （WT） and M-ARKO mice （12-22 weeks of age, n = 12 per group） were maintained on a regular chow diet for 8 weeks and then switched to a high-fat diet for 8 additional weeks. At baseline and on both the regular chow and high-fat diets, no differences in lean mass or fat mass were observed between groups. Consistent with the absence of differential body weight or adiposity, no differences in food intake （3.0 ± 0.5 g per day for WT mice vs 2.8 ± 0.4 g per day for M-ARKO mice） or total energy expenditure （0.6 ± 0.1 Kcal h-1 for WT mice vs 0.5 ± 0.1 Kcal h-1 for M-ARKO mice） were evident between groups during high-fat feeding. Liver weight was greater in M-ARKO than that in WT mice （1.5 ± 0.1 g vs 1.3 ± 0.0 g, respectively, P = 0.02）. Finally, M-ARKO mice did not exhibit impairments in glucose tolerance or insulin sensitivity relative to WT mice at any study time point. In aggregate, these findings suggest that AR signaling specifically in monocytes/macrophages does not contribute to the regulation of systemic energy balance, adiposity, or insulin sensitivity in male mice.

关键词： androgen receptor knockout mice macrophages male hypogonadism metabolic syndrome

Tramadol in Japanese Population: the Relative Contribution of M1 Metabolite as Assessed by CYP2D6*10 Genotype

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2012年第3期3卷 337-341页

作者： robert b. Raffa Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Temple University School of Pharmacy Philadelphia PA U.S.A.

Several preclinical and clinical studies suggested that tramadol has a multi-mechanistic analgesic action. Upon in vitro evaluation, tramadol parent drug was determined to have only very weak affinity for opioid receptors. Metabolism via CYP2D6, though, yields the O-desmethyl metabolite (M1), which has much greater opioid receptor affinity. In tests in animals and human volunteers, tramadol’s analgesic effect is only partially blocked by the opioid antagonist naloxone. Yet the contribution of parent drug to analgesia is still debated. Observance of good analgesic response to tramadol in Japanese and other Asian populations that express the CYP2D6*10 genotype suggests that parent drug accounts for the majority of tramadol’s analgesic effect in most clinical settings. Understanding of tramadol’s multi-mechanistic action continues to form the basis for understanding its clinical attributes.

关键词： Tramadol M1 Metabolite CYP2D6 Polymorphism CYP2D6*10 Japanese

Clay with high fluorine and endemic fluorosis caused by indoor combustion of coal in southwestern China

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Acta Geochimica 2006年第S1期 79-80页

作者： robert b. Finkelman US Geological Survey MS 956 National Center 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive Reston VA 20192 U.S.A.

Iron, calcite, and oxidative stress in coal dust-induced lung diseases

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Acta Geochimica 2006年第S1期 216-217页

作者： robert b. Finkelman US Geological Survey Reston Virginia USA