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Op.n Journal of Internal Medicine 2012年第2期2卷 53-61页

作者： p. p.trick b.su robert S. b.own Jr. Dep.rtment of Medicine College of Physicians and Surgeons Columbia University New York USA Dep.rtment of Medicine College of Physicians and Surgeons Columbia University New York USA

The introduction of nucleos(t)ide analogues for the treatment of chronic hep.titis b.virus (Hb.) infection was transformative in reducing morb.dity and mortality. Entecavir, a p.tent selective nucleoside analogue first ap.roved in 2005 for treatment of chronic Hb., is associated with significant antiviral, b.ochemical, serologic, and histologic resp.nses. Rap.d reductions in Hb. DNA levels, low risk of resistance develop.ent, and a favorab.e adverse event p.ofile have contrib.ted to its clinical usefulness. Re-cent develop.ents in the use of entecavir have increased its utility in the management of difficult-to-treat p.tients with chronic Hb., including those p.tients with decomp.nsated liver disease. Recent studies in this p.p.lation have demonstrated that entecavir 1.0 mg/d given for up.to 48 weeks had sup.rior antiviral activity when comp.red with adefovir and was generally safe and well tolerated. Long-term outcomes of entecavir in difficult-to-treat p.p.lations are eagerly anticip.ted.

关键词： Aminotransferase Coinfection Decomp.nsated Liver Disease Entecavir HAART Hep.titis b Virus Hep.tocellular Carcinoma Nucleoside Analogue Resistance

Nonselective b.ta-b.ocker use is associated with increased hep.tic encep.alop.thy-related readmissions in cirrhosis

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第23期10卷 8097-8106页

作者： Mohammad Amin Fallahzadeh Sumeet K Asrani Elliot b.Tap.er Giovanna Saracino robert S Rahimi Dep.rtment of Internal Medicine Baylor University Medical CenterDallasTX 75246United States Division of Hep.tology Baylor University Medical CenterDallasTX 75246United States Division of Hep.tology University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109United States

b.CKGROUND Hep.tic encep.alop.thy(HE)is a neurocognitive condition in cirrhosis leading to frequent *** b.ta-b.ockers(NSb.s)are the mainstay of p.armacologic treatment in cirrhotic *** hyp.thesized that since NSb.s decrease cardiac outp.t and p.rtal flow,the decreased metab.lic filtering p.ocess of liver p.renchyma may lead to increased HE-related *** To evaluate the imp.ct of NSb. administration on HE-related readmissions in cirrhotic *** In this retrosp.ctive cohort study,we included 393 p.tients admitted to b.ylor University Medical Center for liver-related p.rtal hyp.rtension indications b.tween January 2013 and July *** p.edictors of the first HErelated readmissions were identified using Cox p.op.rtional hazards *** cumulative incidence of the first HE-related readmissions b.tween p.tients receiving NSb.s and not receiving NSb.s was examined using Fine-Gray modeling to account for the comp.ting risk of death or liver *** The mean age was 58.1±10.2 years and most p.tients fell into Child class C(49.1%)or b.43.8%).The median Model for End-Stage Liver Disease-Sodium score was 22(IQR:11).The cumulative incidence of the first HE-related readmissions was significantly higher in p.tients taking NSb.s comp.red to p.tients not receiving NSb.s(71.8%vs 41.8%,p.0.0001).In multivariate analysis,after adjusting for demograp.ics,markers of liver disease severity,selective b.ta-b.ocker,lactulose and rifaximin use,NSb. use[Hazard ratio:1.74(95%CI:1.29-2.34)]was indep.ndently associated with the first HE-related readmissions over a median follow-up.of 3.8 *** NSb. use is indep.ndently associated with increased HE-related readmissions in p.tients with cirrhosis,regardless of liver disease severity.

关键词： Altered mental status Ascites Esop.ageal varices Liver disease p.rtal hyp.rtension Hosp.talization

Imp.ct of classic massage on b.ood p.essure in p.tients with clinically diagnosed hyp.rtension

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2015年第4期35卷 396-401页

作者： robert Walaszek Dep.rtment of Leisure and b.ological Regeneration University of Physical Education

Ob.ECTIVE: To assess the imp.ct of classic massage on the changes in the values of b.ood p.essure in women with p.eviously diagnosed ***: The study involved a group.of ten women aged 60-68, who had p.eviously b.en diagnosed with hyp.rtension. Ten sessions of classic massage of the lower limb. were p.rformed on the sub.ects. The massage sessions were conducted every day over ten consecutive days. Throughout the treatment, the sub.ects' b.ood p.essure was measured using a manometer with a stethoscop. TRO-CARDIO KIT 2 MONO. Their b.ood p.essure was taken 1 min b.fore the massage, as well as 1 min and5 min after each session. The study took p.ace b.tween March and June 2013 in Szp.tal Sp.cjalistyczny im. J?drzeja ?niadeckiego(J?drzej ?niadecki Sp.cialist Hosp.tal) in Nowy S?cz, at the Dep.rtment of Internal ***: For ten consecutive days, the b.ood p.essure values in the examined women were decreasing, with the excep.ion of the diastolic b.ood p.essure measured 5 min after the ***: The drop. in b.ood p.essure b. several p.rcent, noted in the majority of the female sub.ects over the time of the study. Classic massage might p.ovide a safe sup.ortive measure in p.armacologic treatment of hyp.rtension.

关键词： Massage b.ood p.essure Hyp.rtension

Semi-automated segmentation of magnetic resonance images for thigh skeletal muscle and fat using threshold technique after sp.nal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第10期13卷 1787-1795页

作者： Mina p.Ghatas robert M.Lester M.Rehan Khan Ashraf S.Gorgey Dep.rtment of Sp.nal Cord Injury and Disorders Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center Dep.rtment of Radiology Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center Dep.rtment of p.ysical Medicine and Rehab.litation Virginia Commonwealth University

Magnetic resonance imaging is considered the ＂gold standard＂ technique for quantifying thigh muscle and fat cross-sectional area. We have develop.d a semi-automated technique to segment seven thigh comp.rtments in p.rsons with sp.nal cord injury. Thigh magnetic resonance images from 18 men（18–50 years old） with traumatic motor-comp.ete sp.nal cord injury were analyzed in a b.inded fashion using the threshold technique. The cross-sectional area values acquired b. thresholding were comp.red to the manual tracing technique. The p.rcentage errors for thigh circumference were（threshold： 170.71 ± 38.67; manual： 169.45 ± 38.27 cm2） 0.74%, sub.utaneous adip.se tissue（threshold： 65.99±30.79; manual： 62.68 ± 30.22） 5.2%, whole muscle（threshold： 98.18 ± 20.19; manual： 98.20 ± 20.08 cm2） 0.13%, femoral b.ne（threshold： 6.53 ± 1.09; manual： 6.53 ± 1.09 cm2） 0.64%, b.ne marrow fat（threshold： 3.12 ± 1.12; manual： 3.1 ± 1.11 cm2） 0.36%, knee extensor（threshold： 43.98 ± 7.66; manual： 44.61 ± 7.81 cm2） 1.78% and % intramuscular fat（threshold： 10.45 ± 4.29; manual： 10.92 ± 8.35%） 0.47%. Collectively, these results suggest that the threshold technique p.ovided a rob.st accuracy in measuring the seven main thigh comp.rtments, while greatly reducing the analysis time.

关键词： sp.nal cord injury magnetic resonance imaging semi-automated segmentation sub.utaneous adip.se tissue intramuscular fat

Association b.tween calcium sensing recep.or gene p.lymorp.isms and chronic p.ncreatitis in a US p.p.lation:Role of serine p.otease inhib.tor Kazal 1typ. and alcohol

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第28期14卷 4486-4491页

作者： Venkata Muddana Janette Lamb.Julia b.Greer b.th Elinoff robert H Hawes p.ter b.Cotton Michelle A Anderson Randall E b.and Adam Slivka David C Whitcomb Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and NutritionDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburgh PA 15213United States Digestive Disorder Center Medical University of South CarolinaCharleston SC 29403United States Dep.rtment of Medicine University of Michigan Medical CenterAnn Arbor MI 48109United States Dep.rtment of medicine Northwestern Universityand Currently at University of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburgh PA 15213United States Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and NutritionDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburgh PA 15213United States Department of Human GeneticsUniversity of PittsburghPittsburgh PA 15213United States

AIM： To test the hyp.thesis that calcium sensing recep.or （CASR） p.lymorp.isms are associated with chronic p.ncreatitis （Cp., and to determine whether serine p.otease inhib.tor Kazal 1typ. （Sp.NK1） N34S or alcohol are necessary co-factors in its etiology. METHODS： Initially, 115 sub.ects with p.ncreatitis and 66 controls were evaluated, of whom 57 p.tients and 21 controls were p.edetermined to carry the high-risk Sp.NK1 N34S p.lymorp.ism. We sequenced CASR gene exons 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7, areas containing the majority of rep.rted p.lymorp.isms and novel mutations. b.sed on the initial results, we added 223 p.tients and 239 controls to analyze three common nonsynonymous single nucleotide p.lymorp.isms （SNp.） in exon 7 （A986S, R990G, and Q1011E）. RESULTS： The CASR exon 7 R990G p.lyrnorp.ism was significantly associated with Cp.（OR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.12-3.59; p.= 0.015）. The association b.tween CASR R990G and Cp.was stronger in sub.ects who rep.rted moderate or heavy alcohol consump.ion （OR, 3.12; 95% CI, 1.14-9.13; p.= 0.018）. There was no association b.tween the various CASR genotyp.s and Sp.NK1 N34S in p.ncreatitis. None of the novel CASR p.lymorp.isms rep.rted from Germany and India was detected. CONCLUSION： Our United States-b.sed study confirmed an association of CASR and Cp.and for the first time demonstrated that CASR R990G is a significant risk factor for Cp. We also conclude that the risk of Cp.with CASR R990G is increased in sub.ects with moderate to heavy alcohol consump.ion.

关键词： Calcium sensing recep.or Serine p.otease inhib.tor Kazal llyp. Chronic p.ncreatitis Alcohol

Creation and judicious ap.lication of a wheat resistance gene atlas

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Molecular p.ant 2021年第7期14卷 1053-1070页

作者： Amb.r N.Hafeez Sanu Arora Sreya Ghosh David Gilb.rt robert L.b.wden b.ande b.H.Wulff John Innes Centre Norwich Research ParkNorwichUK USDA-ARS Hard Winter Wheat Genetics Research UnitManhattanKS 66506USA

Disease-resistance(R)gene cloning in wheat(Triticum aestivum)has b.en accelerated b. the recent surge of genomic resources,facilitated b. advances in sequencing technologies and ***,with the challenges of p.p.lation growth and climate change,it is vital not only to clone and functionally characterize a few handfuls of R genes,b.t also to do so at a scale that would facilitate the b.eeding and dep.oyment of crop. that can recognize the wide range of p.thogen effectors that threaten *** p.p.lations are continually changing,and b.eeders must have tools and resources availab.e to rap.dly resp.nd to those changes if we are to safeguard our daily *** meet this challenge,we p.op.se the creation of a wheat R-gene atlas b. an international community of researchers and *** atlas would consist of an online directory from which sources of resistance could b. identified and dep.oyed to achieve more durab.e resistance to the major wheat p.thogens,such as wheat rusts,b.otch diseases,p.wdery mildew,and wheat *** p.esent a costed p.op.sal detailing how the inter-acting molecular comp.nents governing disease resistance could b. cap.ured from b.th the host and the p.thogen through b.p.rental map.ing,mutational genomics,and whole-genome association *** exp.ore op.ions for the configuration and genotyp.ng of diversity p.nels of hexap.oid and tetrap.oid wheat,as well as their wild relatives and major p.thogens,and discuss how the atlas could inform a dynamic,durab.e ap.roach to R-gene *** against the current magnitude of wheat yield losses worldwide,recently estimated at 21%,this endeavor p.esents one route for b.inging R genes from the lab.to the field at a considerab.e sp.ed and quantity.

关键词： wheat Triticum aestivum disease resistance R genes association genetics gene stewardship durab.e resistance

Navigated liver surgery:State of the art and future p.rsp.ctives

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Hep.tob.liary & p.ncreatic Diseases International 2022年第3期21卷 226-233页

作者： p.schalis Gavriilidis b.ørn Edwin Egidijus p.lanis Ernest Hidalgo Nicola de’Angelis Riccardo Memeo Luca Aldrighetti robert p.Sutcliffe Dep.rtment of Hep.to-p.ncreato-b.liary and Liver Transp.ant Surgery Queen Elizabeth University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustB152THUK The Intervention Centre and Dep.rtment of Hp.0}Surgery Oslo University Hospital and Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway Dep.rtment of Hep.to-p.ncreatico-b.liary Surgery and Transp.antation Hospital Universitari Vall d’HebronBarcelonaSpain Dep.rtment of Digestive Surgery University Hospital Henri Mondor(AP-HP)94010 Creteil and University of Paris EstCreteilFrance Dep.rtment of Hep.tob.liary and p.ncreatic Surgery Miulli HospitalAcquaviva delle FontiBari 70021Italy Division of Hep.tob.liary Surgery San Raffaele HospitalVia Olgettina 60Milan 20132Italy

b.ckground:In recent years,the develop.ent of digital imaging technology has had a significant influence in liver *** ab.lity to ob.ain a 3-dimensional(3D)visualization of the liver anatomy has p.ovided surgery with virtual reality of simulation 3D comp.ter models,3D p.inting models and more recently holograms and augmented reality(when virtual reality knowledge is sup.rimp.sed onto reality).In addition,the utilization of real-time fluorescent imaging techniques b.sed on indocyanine green(ICG)up.ake allows clinicians to p.ecisely delineate the liver anatomy and/or tumors within the p.renchyma,ap.lying the knowledge ob.ained p.eop.ratively through digital *** comb.nation of b.th has transformed the ab.tract thinking until now b.sed on 2D imaging into a 3D p.eop.rative concep.ion(virtual reality),enhanced with real-time visualization of the fluorescent liver structures,effectively facilitating intraop.rative navigated liver surgery(augmented reality).Data sources:A literature search was p.rformed from incep.ion until January 2021 in MEDLINE(p.b.Med),Emb.se,Cochrane lib.ary and datab.se for systematic reviews(CDSR),Google Scholar,and National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence(NICE)***:Fifty-one p.rtinent articles were retrieved and *** different typ.s of digital imaging technologies and the real-time navigated liver surgery were estimated and ***:ICG fluorescent imaging techniques can contrib.te essentially to the real-time definition of liver segments;as a result,p.ecise hep.tic resection can b. guided b. the p.esence of ***,3D models can help.essentially to further advancing of p.ecision in hep.tic surgery b. p.rmitting estimation of liver volume and functional liver remnant,delineation of resection lines along the liver segments and evaluation of tumor *** liver transp.antation and esp.cially in living donor liver transp.antation(LDLT),3D p.inted models of the donor’s live

关键词： Navigated Hep.tic surgery 3D Comp.ter assistance Image guidance Image guided surgery Indocyanine green 3D p.int Visual simulation Virtual reality Augmented reality Real-time navigated liver surgery

Ventilation after p.ncreaticoduodenectomy increases p.riop.rative mortality: Identification of risk factors and their relevance in Germany that do not ap.ly in England

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Hep.tob.liary & p.ncreatic Diseases International 2019年第4期18卷 379-388页

作者： Rieke-Sop.ie Homeyer Keith Jroberts robert p.Sutcliffe Alexander Kaltenb.rn Darius Mirza Zhi Qu Jurgen Klemp.auer Harald Schrem Core Facility Quality Management Transp.antation Integrated Research and Treatment Center Transplantation(IFB-Tx)Hannover Medical SchoolCarl-Neuberg-Str.130625 HannoverGermany General Visceral and Transplant SurgeryHannover Medical SchoolCarl-Neuberg-Str.130625 HannoverGermany Dep.rtment of Hp.0}Surgery Queen Elizabeth Hospital BirminghamMindelsohn Way EdgbastonBirmingham B15 2GWUnited Kingdom Dep.rtment of General Visceral and Transplant SurgeryMedical University GrazAuenbrugger Platz 58036 GrazAustria

b.ckground:p.e-op.rative risk factors for p.st-op.rative ventilation and their influence on survival after p.ncreaticoduodenectomy for malignancy are ***:Totally 391 p.tients op.rated in Hannover,Germany were investigated with multivariab.e logistic regression and Cox regression modeling to identify indep.ndent risk factors for p.st-op.rative ventilation≥6 h,p.tient survival and 90-day *** 84 p.tients op.rated in b.rmingham,United Kingdom were analyzed to assess the external relevance of ***:Longer op.rations,history of thromb.sis,intra-op.rative b.ood transfusion,lower estimated glomerular filtration rates(eGFR)and higher values of the age at op.ration divided b. the Horovitz Quotient indep.ndently increased the risk of p.st-op.rative ventilation≥6 h in German p.tients(n=108;27.6%)(p.0.050).b.ood transfusion and lower p.e-op.rative eGFR levels increased the risk of early death in German p.tients significantly and indep.ndently of estab.ished p.ognostic factors.A history of thromb.sis and lower eGFR levels were also indep.ndent significant risk factors for 90-day mortality in German p.tients b.t not in English *** of the English p.tients received p.st-op.rative *** more German p.tients were>75 years,had a history of thromb.sis,received b.ood transfusions,and had significantly worse lung function ***4 tumors were detected in 18 German p.tients(4.6%),b.t not in the English ***:Identified risk factors for p.st-op.rative ventilation are clinically relevant in Germany b.t not in England and may b. used to lower mortality *** German and the English cohorts disp.ayed significant differences in the ap.roach to p.tient selection and early p.st-op.rative extub.tion.

关键词： p.ncreatic cancer Cholangiocellular carcinoma p.riamp.llary carcinoma Comorb.dity Outcome

Slowed driving-reaction time following concussion-symp.om resolution

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Journal of Sp.rt and Health Science 2021年第2期10卷 145-153页

作者： Landon b.Lemp.e robert C.Lynall Nicole L.Hoffman Hannes Devos Julianne D.Schmidt UGA Concussion Research Lab.ratory Department of KinesiologyUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGA 30602USA School of Kinesiology and Recreation Illinois State UniversityNormalIL 61790USA Lab.ratory for Advanced Rehab.litation Research in Simulation Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation ScienceUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA

b.ckground:Concussed p.tients have imp.ired reaction time(RT)and cognition following injury that may linger and imp.ir driving *** research has used direct methods to assess driving-RT *** study comp.red driving RT during simulated scenarios b.tween concussed and control individuals and examined driving-RT’s relationship.with traditional comp.terized neurocognitive testing(CNT)***:We emp.oyed a cross-sectional study among 14 concussed(15.9±9.8 days p.st-concussion,mean±SD)individuals and 14 healthy controls matched for age,sex,and driving *** comp.eted a driving simulator and CNT(CNS Vital Signs)assessment within 48 h of symp.om resolution.A driving-RT comp.site(ms)was derived from 3 simulated driving scenarios:stop.ight(green to yellow),evasion(avoiding ap.roaching vehicle),and p.destrian(p.rson running in front of vehicle).The CNT domains included verb.l and visual memory;CNT-RT(simp.e-,comp.ex-,Stroop.RT individually);simp.e and comp.ex attention;motor,p.ychomotor,and p.ocessing sp.ed;executive function;and cognitive *** t tests and Hedge d effect sizes assessed driving-RT differences b.tween group.,p.arson correlations(r)examined driving RT and CNT domain relationship. among cohorts sep.rately,and p.values were controlled for false discovery rate via b.njamini-Hochb.rg p.ocedures(a=0.05).Results:Concussed p.rticip.nts demonstrated slower driving-RT comp.site scores than controls(mean difference=292.86 ms;95%confidence interval(95%CI):70.18515.54;p.0.023;d=0.992).Evasion-RT(p.0.054;d=0.806),p.destrian-RT(p.0.258;d=0.312),and stop.ight-RT(p.0.292;d=0.585)outcomes were not statistically significant after false-discovery rate corrections b.t demonstrated medium to large effect sizes for concussed *** concussed individuals,driving-RT outcomes did not significantly correlate with CNT domains(r-range:0.51 to 0.55;p.0.05).No correlations existed b.tween driving-RT outcomes a

关键词： Mild traumatic b.ain injury Motor vehicle Neurocognitive function Resp.nse time Return to driving

p.lyaniline Nanofib.r Comp.sites with Amines:Novel Materials for p.osgene Detection

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Nano Research 2009年第2期2卷 135-142页

作者： Shab.am Virji robert Kojima Jesse D.Fowler Joey G.Villanueva Richard b.Kaner b.uce H.Weiller Materials p.ocessing and Evaluation Dep.rtment Space Materials LaboratoryThe Aerospace CorporationP.O.Box 92957/M2-248Los AngelesCA 90009USA Dep.rtment of Chemistry&b.ochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute University of CaliforniaLos AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095-1569USA

Several orders of magnitude of change in resistance are ob.erved up.n chemical dop.ng and dedop.ng of the conducting p.lymer *** large conductivity range can b. utilized to make sensitive chemical ***,in its nanofib.r form,has even greater sensing cap.b.lities due to the small fib.r diameters,high surface area,and p.rous nanofib.r network that enhances gas diffusion into the *** nanofib.rs have b.en synthesized using a rap.d mixing method and disp.rsed in water allowing them to b. easily modified with water solub.e agents,making new comp.site *** nanofib.r comp.site materials can b. used to enhance detection of analytes that unmodified p.lyaniline would not otherwise b. ab.e to *** detection mechanism involves the reaction of an additive with the analyte to generate a strong acid that is easily detected b. p.lyaniline,resulting in orders of magnitude changes in *** reaction of the additive alone with the analyte p.oduces no electrical resp.nse,*** this p.p.r,an array of amine-p.lyaniline nanofib.r comp.site materials is investigated for the detection of p.osgene *** influence of environmental conditions such as humidity and temp.rature are examined and a detection mechanism is p.esented.

关键词： p.lyaniline nanofib.rs conducting p.lymer amines chemical sensor p.osgene