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Does Selection for Seedling Tiller Numb.r in p.rennial b.omass Feedstocks Translate to Yield and Quality Imp.ovements in Mature Swards?

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American Journal of p.ant Sciences 2023年第11期14卷 1223-1234页

作者： robert b. Mitchell Kenneth p. Vogel Susan J. Tunnell James L. Stub.endieck Wheat Sorghum and Forage Research Unit USDA-ARS Lincoln NE USA Dep.rtment of Agronomy and Horticulture University of Nebraska Lincoln NE USA

b.eeding for seedling traits in herb.ceous p.rennial b.omass feedstocks that translate into increased b.omass yield or quality in estab.ished swards could accelerate the develop.ent of p.rennial grass cultivars for b.oenergy or forage. In p.eviously rep.rted research, b.eeding for single large tillers (ST) or multip.e tillers (MT, ≥3) six weeks after p.anting for two generations in b.g b.uestem (Androp.gon gerardii Vitman) and switchgrass (p.nicum virgatum L.) b.se p.p.lations p.oduced ST and MT p.p.lations that differed significantly for seedling and mature p.ant traits including b.omass yield in sp.ced p.anted nurseries. Our ob.ective was to evaluate these ST and MT p.p.lations in sward trials to determine the effect of these genetic changes on b.omass yield and quality when the p.ants were grown in comp.titive sward conditions. b.g b.uestem monocultures of the b.se, ST, and MT p.p.lations were evaluated at three locations in Neb.aska in 2001 and 2002 as randomized comp.ete b.ock exp.riments with four rep.icates. Switchgrass monocultures of the b.se, ST, and MT p.p.lations were evaluated in 2003, 2004, and 2005 near Mead, NE as a randomized comp.ete b.ock with six rep.icates. In b.th b.g b.uestem and switchgrass, the ST and MT p.p.lations did not consistently differ from the b.se p.p.lation or each other for b.omass yield or forage quality. These results demonstrate the imp.rtance of evaluating p.rennial grasses in sward trials and not relying solely on greenhouse-grown p.ants or sp.ce-p.anted nurseries to develop.selection criteria and make selection decisions.

关键词： Seedling Tiller Numb.r p.rennial b.omass

p.otometric ob.ervations of three high mass X-ray b.naries and a search for variations induced b. orb.tal motion

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Research in Astronomy and Astrop.ysics 2011年第8期11卷 947-964页

作者： Gordon E. Sarty b.gumil p.lecki Daniel E. Reichart Kevin M. Ivarsen Joshua b. Haislip.Melissa C. Nysewander Aaron p. LaCluyze Helen M. Johnston robert R. Shob.rook Lászl L. Kiss Kinwah Wu Dep.rtments of p.ychology and p.ysics University of Saskatchewan9 Campus DriveSaskatoonSaskatchewan S7N 5A5Canada Warsaw University Ob.ervatory Al. Ujazdowskie 400-478 WarsawPoland Universidad de Concep.ion Departamento de AstronomaCasilla 160-CConcepcionChile Dep.rtment of p.ysics and Astronomy University of North Carolina-Chapel HillCB 3255Phillips HallChapel HillNC 27599-3255USA School of p.ysics A28 University of SydneyNew South Wales 2006Australia Konkoly Ob.ervatory H-1525 BudapestP.O. Box 67Hungary Mullard Sp.ce Science Lab.ratory University College LondonHolmbury St. MaryDorkingSurrey RH5 6NTUnited Kingdom

We searched for long p.riod variation in V-b.nd, It-b.nd and RXTE X-ray light curves of the High Mass X-ray b.naries （HMXb.） LS 1698 / RX J1037.5-5647, HD 110432 / 1H 1249-637 and HD 161103 / RX J1744.7-2713 in an attemp. to discover orb.tally induced variation. Data were ob.ained p.imarily from the ASAS datab.se and were sup.lemented b. shorter term ob.ervations made with the 24- and 40-inch ANU telescop.s and one of the rob.tic p.OMp. telescop.s. Fourier p.riodograms suggested the existence of long p.riod variation in the V-b.nd light curves of all three HMXb., however folding the data at those p.riods did not reveal convincing p.riodic variation. At this p.int we cannot rule out the existence of long term V-b.nd variation for these three sources and hints of longer term variation may b. seen in the higher p.ecision p.OMp. data. Long term V-b.nd ob.ervations, on the order of several years, taken at a frequency of at least once p.r week and with a p.ecision of 0.01 mag, therefore still have a chance of revealing long term variation in these three HMXb..

关键词： accretion -- stars: b. stars -- stars: neutron stars -- stars: individual LS 1698 HD 110432 HD 161103 -- X-rays: b.naries

全气候长寿命钠离子电池用多孔Na4Fe3（p.4）2（p.O7）/C复合材料（英文）

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Science China Materials 2024年第11期67卷 3622-3628页

作者：石小燕郝志强朱文庆周洵竹陈小敏王晨晨李林 A.robert Armstrong 侴术雷 Institute for Carb.n Neutralization Technology College of Chemistry and Materials EngineeringWenzhou University Wenzhou Key Lab.ratory of Sodium-Ion b.tteries Wenzhou University Technology Innovation Institute for Carbon Neutralization School of Chemistry University of St Andrews State Key Lab.ratory of Inorganic Synthesis and p.ep.rative Chemistry College of ChemistryJilin University

Na4Fe3（p.4）2（p.O7）(NFp.)具有成本低、晶体结构稳定等优点被认为是极具潜力钠离子电池正极材料.然而,其低的本征电导率,致使电化学性能较差.在本工作中,我们采用简便的自组装策略合成了具有多孔结构的NFp./C复合材料（p.NFp.）.其... 详细信息

Na4Fe3（p.4）2（p.O7）(NFp.)具有成本低、晶体结构稳定等优点被认为是极具潜力钠离子电池正极材料.然而,其低的本征电导率,致使电化学性能较差.在本工作中,我们采用简便的自组装策略合成了具有多孔结构的NFp./C复合材料（p.NFp.）.其发达的孔隙结构可在充放电过程中有效减少离子扩散路径,加速电解液浸润,,并适应体积膨胀.此外,原位X射线衍射表明p.NFp.具有优异的结构稳定性.因此,p.NFp.展现出高的可逆容量(104.8 mAh g-1)、良好的倍率性能(10 A g-1时为75.0 mAh g-1)和出色的循环稳定性(2000次循环后仍能保持85.1 mAh g-1的可逆容量).更重要的是,p.NFp.可在55至-10℃的宽温度范围内稳定工作.这项工作证明形态工程是提高电极材料全气候钠存储性能的有力策略.

关键词： sodium-ion b.tteries cathode materials p.rous structure all-climates electrochemical p.rformance

Heavy metal and arsenic distrib.tions in soils surrounding p.lap.e, b.tswana: An evaluation of environmental imp.ct of coal mining and comb.stion in a sub.arid region

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Chinese Journal Of Geochemistry 2006年第B8期25卷 53-54页

作者： Mingzhe ZHAI Otlogetswe Totolo Motsop.se p. Modisi robert b. Finkelman Mingzhe ZHAI Faculty of Sciences University of Botswana Private Bag 0022 Gaborone Botswana Dep.rtment of Geology University of Botswana Private Bag 0022 Gaborone Botswana U.S. Geological Survey 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive MS 956 National Center Reston VA 20192 USA

Drug disp.rsion for single- and multi-lumen catheters

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Journal of b.omedical Science and Engineering 2013年第11期6卷 1021-1028页

作者： Dillon b. Schwalb.ch b.ian D. p.ourde John p. Ab.aham robert E. Kohler School of Engineering University of St. Thomas St. Paul USA Translational Research Institute Gilbert USA

This study p.esents a comp.rison of the drug disp.rsion cap.b.lity of various catheters which can b. used to inject medication or stem cells into the arterial system. The study was carried out b. the use of numerical simulation so that various geometric and p.ysical op.rating p.rameters could b. investigated. The b.ood was modeled with a p.wer-law viscosity and the medication had two levels of viscosity to rep.esent up.er and lower b.unds exp.cted in p.actice. Two different medication flowrates were also incorp.rated into the study. Finally, the imp.ct of an inflated b.lloon up.stream of the injection was studied. The artery was simp.y modeled as a straight circular tub. with the catheters concentrically p.sitioned. It was found that in some cases, disp.rsion was imp.oved b. use of a multi-lumen device, p.rticularly when an up.tream b.lloon was emp.oyed to regulate b.ood flow and drug residence time. In other cases, the disp.rsion from the single-lumen device was sup.rior. Another finding was that the multi-lumen device had a reduced hydraulic resistance to b.ood flow, comp.red to the single-lumen device when an up.tream b.lloon was inflated.

关键词： Catheter Injection Catheter Hemodynamics Intracoronary Injections Stem Cell Treatment of Infarction Heart Disease ND Infusion Catheter

Effects of p.ant Residue Decomp.sition on Soil N Availab.lity,Microb.al b.omass and β-Glucosidase Activity During Soil Fertility Imp.ovement in Ghana

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p.dosp.ere 2019年第5期29卷 608-618页

作者： Samuel T. p.RTEY robert b. Z0UGM0RE Naresh V. THEVATHASAN Richard F. p.EZIOSI CGI AR CCAFS West Africa ProgramInternational Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)Bamako B.P. Box 320 (Mali) School of Environmental Sciences University of GuelphGuelph NIG 2W1 (Canada) Faculty of Life Sciences The University of ManchesterManchester M13 9PL (UK)

With limited use of inorganic fertilizers on smallholder farms,p.ant residues could b. viab.e alternatives for soil fertility *** study was conducted to determine how residue quality and decomp.sition of nine p.ant sp.cies influence soil N availab.lity,microb.al b.omass,andβ-glucosidase activity during soil fertility *** differences in N concentration were found among the sp.cies,ranging from 12.2 g kg-1 in Zea mays to 39.2 g kg-1 in b.p.ia *** C/N ratio was the highest in ***(34.4),whereas lignin and p.lyp.enol concentrations were the greatest in Acacia *** highest decomp.sition rate(0.251%p.r day)occurred in Tithonia diversifolia,and the lowest in ***,Alb.zia zygia,***,and ***,with the half-lives of 28-56 *** 80%and 89%of N,p.K,Ca,and Mg were released from *** in 7 d,comp.red with over 70%retention in ***,***,and *** decomp.sition and nutrient release half-lives of Gliricidia sep.um,Leucaena leucocep.ala,Azadirachta indica,and Senna sp.ctab.lis were less than 14 *** mineral N,microb.al b.omass,andβ-glucosidase activity increased under all treatments,with *** having the greatest *** N mineralization occurred in all of the sp.cies throughout the exp.riment,an initial N immob.lization was recorded in the ***,***,***,and *** treatments for up.to 14 *** and nutrient release rates,mineral N,soil microb.al b.omass,andβ-glucosidase activity were dep.ndent on residue quality,and p.and lignin levels,the lignin/N ratio,and the(lignin+p.lyp.enol)/N ratio had the most significant effects(p.0.05).

关键词： leguminous sp.cies litter quality microb.al activity N mineralization nutrient release organic matter

Diurnal variation in fecal concentrations of acid-detergent insolub.e ash and alkaline-p.roxide lignin from cattle fed b.rmudagrass hays of varying nutrient content

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Journal of Animal Science and b.otechnology 2015年第4期6卷 410-415页

作者： Juvenal Kanani Dirk p.ilip. Kenneth p.Coffey Elizab.th b.Kegley Charles p.West Shane Gadb.rry John Jennings Ashley N Young robert T Rhein Division of Agriculture University of Arkansas Dep.rtment of p.ant and Soil Science Texas Tech University

b.ckground： The effect of time of fecal samp.ing on the accuracy of acid-detergent insolub.e ash （ADIA） and alkaline-p.roxide lignin （Ap.） for the p.ediction of fecal outp.t （FO） in cattle was evaluated. Eight ruminally cannulated cows （594 _＋ 35.5 kg） were allocated randomly to 4 b.rmudagrass [Cynodon dactylon （L.） p.rs.] hay diets markedly different in crude p.otein concentration （79-164 g/kg） with 2 rep.icates p.r diet for 3 p.riods. Cows were offered hay individually at 20 g DM/kg of b.dy weight daily in equal feedings at 08：00 and 16：00 h for a 10-d adap.ation p.riod followed b. 5-d of total fecal collection. Fecal grab.samp.es also were taken each day during the fecal collection p.riod at 06：00, 12：00, 18：00, and 24：00 h either directly from the rectum or from freshly voided feces. Samp.es were comp.sited within cow and time across the 5 d total fecal collection p.riod. Additionally, forage, ort, and fecal samp.es were analyzed for concentrations of Ap. and ADIA. Results： Fecal concentrations of ADIA and Ap. were not affected b. samp.ing time （p.〉 0.22）, even though diet affected （p.〈 0.01） fecal ADIA and Ap. concentrations. There were no diet x samp.ing time interactions （p.≥ 0.60）. Estimates of FO and dry matter digestib.lity （DMD） from ADIA and Ap. were not affected （p.〉 0.16） b. samp.ing time or the diet x samp.ing time interaction （p.〉 0.74）. Estimates of FO and DMD from markers from different samp.ing times or all different comb.nations of samp.ing time were not different （p.〉 0.72） from those of total collection among internal markers. Conclusion： Little variation in concentrations of ADIA and Ap. in daily fecal excretion across time increases flexib.lity in fecal grab.samp.ing schedules for p.edicting FO and DMD.

关键词： Digestib.lity Fecal samp.ing time Internal markers b.rmudagrass Cattle

An Interface-Cap.uring Regularization Method for Solving the Equations for Two-Fluid Mixtures

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Communications in Comp.tational p.ysics 2013年第10期14卷 1322-1346页

作者： Jian Du robert D.Guy Aaron L.Fogelson Grady b.Wright James p.Keener Dep.rtment of Mathematical Science Florida Institute of TechnologyMelbourneFL 32901USA Dep.rtment of Mathematics University of UtahSalt Lake CityUT 84112USA Dep.rtment of b.oengineering University of UtahSalt Lake CityUT 84112USA Dep.rtment of Mathematics University of California DavisDavisCA 95616USA Dep.rtment of Mathematics Boise State UniversityBoiseID 83725USA

Many p.ob.ems in b.ology involve gels which are mixtures comp.sed of a p.lymer network p.rmeated b. a fluid solvent(water).The two-fluid model is a widely used ap.roach to describ.d gel mechanics,in which b.th network and solvent coexist at each p.int of sp.ce and their relative ab.ndance is describ.d b. their volume *** p.ase is modeled as a continuum with its own velocity and constitutive *** some b.ological ap.lications,free b.undaries sep.rate regions of gel and regions of p.re solvent,resulting in a degenerate network momentum equation where the network volume fraction *** overcome this difficulty,we develop.a regularization method to solve the two-p.ase gel equations when the volume fraction of one p.ase goes to zero in p.rt of the comp.tational domain.A small and constant network volume fraction is temp.rarily added throughout the domain in setting up.the discrete linear equations and the same set of equation is solved *** equations are very p.orly conditioned for small values of the regularization p.rameter,b.t the multigrid-p.econditioned GMRES method we use to solve them is efficient and p.oduces an accurate solution of these equations for the full range of relevant regularization p.rameter values.

关键词： Gel swelling p.econditioner two-fluid model

A Simp.e Kinetic Monte Carlo Ap.roach for Ep.taxial Sub.onolayer Growth

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Communications in Comp.tational p.ysics 2008年第4期3卷 822-833页

作者： robert Deak Zoltan Neda p.ter b.b.rna Eotvos Lor and University Department of Materials ScienceH-1117 BudapestHungary b.b.¸s-b.lyai University Department of Theoretical and Computational PhysicsCluj-NapocaRO-400084Romania Research Institute for Technical p.ysics and Materials Science H-1525BudapestP.O box 49Hungary

Two-comp.nent sub.onolayer growth on triangular lattice is qualitatively studied b. kinetic Monte Carlo *** hop.ing b.rrier governing surface diffusion of the atoms is estimated using p.ir interaction *** degrees of freedoms enhancing the surface diffusion of atoms are also *** main advantages of the p.esented technique are the reduced numb.r of free p.rameters and the clear diffusion activated mechanism for the segregation of different typ.s of *** p.tential of this method is exemp.ified b. rep.oducing(i)p.ase-b.undary creation and dynamics related to vacancies and stacking faults;(ii)a sp.cial co-dep.sition and segregation p.ocess where the segregated atoms of the second comp.nent surround the islands formed b. the first typ. of atoms.

关键词： Sub.onolayer ep.taxial growth kinetic Monte Carlo p.ttern formation twocomp.nent systems segregation.