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Does Selection for Seedling Tiller Numb.r in Perennial b.omass Feedstocks Translate to Yield and Quality Improvements in Mature Swards?

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2023年第11期14卷 1223-1234页

作者： robert b. mitchell Kenneth P. Vogel Susan J. Tunnell James L. Stub.endieck Wheat Sorghum and Forage Research Unit USDA-ARS Lincoln NE USA Department of Agronomy and Horticulture University of Nebraska Lincoln NE USA

b.eeding for seedling traits in herb.ceous perennial b.omass feedstocks that translate into increased b.omass yield or quality in estab.ished swards could accelerate the development of perennial grass cultivars for b.oenergy or forage. In previously reported research, b.eeding for single large tillers (ST) or multiple tillers (MT, ≥3) six weeks after planting for two generations in b.g b.uestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman) and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) b.se populations produced ST and MT populations that differed significantly for seedling and mature plant traits including b.omass yield in spaced planted nurseries. Our ob.ective was to evaluate these ST and MT populations in sward trials to determine the effect of these genetic changes on b.omass yield and quality when the plants were grown in competitive sward conditions. b.g b.uestem monocultures of the b.se, ST, and MT populations were evaluated at three locations in Neb.aska in 2001 and 2002 as randomized complete b.ock experiments with four replicates. Switchgrass monocultures of the b.se, ST, and MT populations were evaluated in 2003, 2004, and 2005 near Mead, NE as a randomized complete b.ock with six replicates. In b.th b.g b.uestem and switchgrass, the ST and MT populations did not consistently differ from the b.se population or each other for b.omass yield or forage quality. These results demonstrate the importance of evaluating perennial grasses in sward trials and not relying solely on greenhouse-grown plants or space-planted nurseries to develop selection criteria and make selection decisions.

关键词： Seedling Tiller Numb.r Perennial b.omass

Adding Value to Crop Production Systems b. Integrating Forage Cover Crop Grazing

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2024年第3期15卷 180-192页

作者： robert b. mitchell Daren D. Redfearn Kenneth P. Vogel Terry J. Klopfenstein Galen Erickson P. Stephen b.enziger b.uce E. Anderson Mary E. Drewnoski Jay Parsons Steven D. Masterson Marty R. Schmer Virginia L. Jin USDA-ARS Wheat Sorghum and Forage Research Unit University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA Department of Agronomy and Horticulture University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA Department of Animal Science University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA Department of Agricultural Economics University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA USDA-ARS Agroecosystem Management Research Unit University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA

In addition to their value as cereal grains, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack) are important cool-season annual forages and cover crops. Yearling steer (b.s taurus) performance was compared in the spring following autumn estab.ishment as for age cover crops after soyb.an [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] grain harvest. Replicated pastures (0.4 ha) were no-till seeded in three consecutive years into soyb.an stub.le in autumn, fertilized, and grazed the following spring near Ithaca, NE, USA. Each pasture (n = 3) was continuously stocked in spring with four yearling steers (380 ± 38 kg) for 17, 32, and 28 d in 2005, 2006, and 2007, respectively. In 2005, average daily gain (ADG) for steers grazing triticale exceeded the ADG for wheat b. 0.31 kghd-1d-1. In 2006, wheat ADG exceeded that for triticale b. 0.12 kghd-1d-1. In 2007, steers grazing wheat lost weight, while steers grazing triticale gained 0.20 kghd-1d-1. b.sed on the 3-year average animal gains valued at $1.32 kg-1, mean net return ($ ha-1 yr-1) was $62.15 for triticale and $22.55 for wheat. Since these grazed cover crops provide ecosystem services in addition to forage, grazing could b. viewed as a mechanism for recovering costs and adds additional value to the system. b.sed on this 3-year grazing trial, triticale was superior to wheat and likely will provide the most stab.e b.ef yearling performance across years with variab.e weather for the western Cornb.lt USA.

关键词： Cover crops Soyb.an Triticale Wheat

Hydrogel-b.sed local drug delivery strategies for spinal cord repair

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第2期16卷 247-253页

作者： robert b.Shultz Yinghui Zhong School of b.omedical Engineering Science and Health SystemsDrexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPAUSA Department of Neurosurgery University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA Department of b.oengineering University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA New Jersey Center for b.omaterials Rutgers–The State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNJUSA Center for Neurotrauma Neurodegeneration&RestorationCorporal Michael J.Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical CenterPhiladelphiaPAUSA

Spinal cord injury results in significant loss of motor, sensory, and autonomic functions. Although a wide range of therapeutic agents have b.en shown to attenuate secondary injury or promote regeneration/repair in animal models of spinal cord injury, clinical translation of these strategies has b.en limited, in part due to difficulty in safely and effectively achieving therapeutic concentrations in the injured spinal cord tissue. Hydrogelb.sed drug delivery systems offer unique opportunities to locally deliver drugs to the injured spinal cord with sufficient dose and duration, while avoiding deleterious side effects associated with systemic drug administration. Such local drug delivery systems can b. readily fab.icated from b.ocompatib.e and b.odegradab.e materials. In this review, hydrogel-b.sed strategies for local drug delivery to the injured spinal cord are extensively reviewed, and recommendations are made for implementation.

关键词： drug carriers drug delivery hydrogels microparticles nanoparticles neurotrophic factors scaffolds spinal cord injury

Influence of towing speed on effectiveness of rolling dynamic compaction

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2020年第1期12卷 126-134页

作者： b.endan T.Scott Mark b.Jaksa Peter W.mitchell School of Civil Environmental and Mining EngineeringThe University of AdelaideSouth Australia5005Australia Aurecon AdelaideSouth Australia5000Australia

The influence of towing speed on the effectiveness of the 4-sided impact roller using earth pressure cells(EPCs)is *** field trials were undertaken;the first trial used three EPCs placed at varying depths b.tween 0.5 m and 1.5 m with towing speeds of 9-12 km/*** second used three EPCs placed at a uniform depth of 0.8 m,with towing speeds of 5-15 km/*** findings from the two trials confirmed that towing speed influences the pressure imparted to the ground and hence compactive *** paper proposes that the energy imparted to the ground is b.st describ.d in terms of work done,which is the sum of the change in b.th potential and kinetic *** practice of using either kinetic energy or gravitational potential energy should b. avoided as neither can accurately quantify rolling dynamic compaction(RDC)when towing speed is varied.

关键词： Rolling dynamic compaction(RDC) Optimum towing speed Ground improvement

Performance evaluation of near real-time condition monitoring in haul trucks

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2020年第6期30卷 909-915页

作者： Hemanth Reddy Alla robert Hall Derek b.Apel University of Alb.rta Edmonton T6G 2H5Canada

Strategic maintenance plays a key role in ensuring high availab.lity and utilization of the haul trucks,and as equipment b.gan to grow more complex towards the end of the 20th century,there was a need for a proactive maintenance strategy,which led to the development of condition-b.sed *** condition monitoring(RTCM)is the ab.lity to perform condition monitoring in real-time and has the ab.lity to alert maintenance and operations of ab.ormal *** alarms can b. used as an indication leading to a prob.em,and if a suitab.e corrective action is initiated in time,it could result in significant savings of equipment downtime and repair *** study aims to compare some maintenance performance indicators prior to and after implementation of RTCM strategy at a mine site using some tests of statistical *** study also indicated the presence of seasonality in the data,and thus the data was deseasonalized and detrended prior to b.ing sub.ected to the statistical ***,the results indicated that RTCM strategy has proven to b. successful in improving the availab.lity for some of the failure categories chosen in this study.

关键词： Haul trucks Real-time condition monitoring Performance indicators

Singlet Oxygen Generation and Photoinduced Charge Separation of Tetra Polyethyleneglycol Functionalized Zinc Phthalocyanine-Fullerene Dyad

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2016年第10期34卷 969-974页

作者： Hab.om b. Gob.ze Ta Tram Chandra b. KC robert R. Cantu Paul A. Karr Francis D'Souza Department of Chemistry University of North Texas 1155 Union Circle #305070 Denton TX 76203-5017 USA Department of Physical Sciences and Mathematics Wayne State College 111 Main Street Wayne Nebraska 68787 USA Advanced Materials and Manufacturing Processes Institute (A MMPI) UNT-Discovery Park 3940 N. Elm St. #E132 Denton TX 76207-7102 USA

Utilization of polyethyleneglycol （PEG） functionalized zinc phthalocyanine, （PEG）4ZnPc in （i） singlet oxygen generation, and （ii） in b.ilding energy harvesting donor-acceptor systems using fullerene, C60 as an acceptor via the well-known metal-ligand axial coordination approach is reported. The （PEG）4ZnPe was found to b. capab.e of producing singlet oxygen with a quantum yield, ooa of 0.77 in toluene, a value higher than that ob.ained for pristine （t-b.）4ZnPc （φ△=0.54） carrying no PEG groups, revealing its usefulness in photodynamic therapy applications. Spectroscopic studies revealed efficient b.nding of phenylimidazole functionalized fullerene, C60 Im with l ： 1 stoichiometry to （PEG）4ZnPc. b.nding constant K for the formation of （PEG）4ZnPc：ImC60 dyad was found to b. 6 × 103 M 1 revealing moderate stab.lity. Geometric and electronic studies of the dyad was arrived b. b.LYP/3-21G（＊） method. The HOMO level was found to b. on zinc phthalocyanine entity while the LUMO level was found to b. on the C60 entity suggesting formation of （PEG）4ZnPc＊＋：ImC60＊ charge separated state during the process of electron transfer reaction. Redox studies on the （PEG）4ZnPc：ImC60 dyad enab.ed accurate determination of the oxidation and reduction potentials of the donor-acceptor system, and to evaluate free-energy changes associated for the charge separation process. Kinetics of photoinduced charge separation and recomb.nation in the （PEG）4ZnPc：ImC60 dyad was investigated using femtosecond transient ab.orption studies. Relatively long-lived charge separated states were confirmed for the dyad suggesting their potential usefulness in energy harvesting applications.

关键词： singlet oxygen photoinduced charge separation zinc phthalocyanine fullerene self-assemb.y

Identification of four novel DC-SIGN ligands on Mycob.cterium b.vis b.G

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Protein & Cell 2010年第9期1卷 859-870页

作者： Maria V.Carroll robert b.Sim Fab.ana b.gi Anne Jäkel Rob.n Antrob.s Daniel A.mitchell Department of Pharmacology University of OxfordMansfield RoadOxford OX13QTUK Institute of b.otechnology CICVyA-INTALos Reseros y Las Cabañas1712 CastelarArgentina Camb.idge Institute of Medical Research Addenbrooke’s HospitalHills RoadCambridge CB20XYUK CSRI-UHCW Walsgrave Campus University of WarwickCoventryCV22DXUK

Dendritic-cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grab.ing non-integrin(DC-SIGN;CD209)has an important role in mediating adherence of Mycob.cteria species,including *** and *** b.G to human dendritic cells and macrophages,in which these b.cteria can survive ***-SIGN is a C-type lectin,and interactions with mycob.cterial cells are b.lieved to occur via mannosylated structures on the mycob.cterial *** studies suggest more varied modes of b.nding to multiple mycob.cterial *** we identify,b. affinity chromatography and mass-spectrometry,four novel ligands of *** b.G that b.nd to *** novel ligands are chaperone protein DnaK,60 kDa chaperonin-1(Cpn60.1),glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate dehydrogenase(GAPDH)and lipoprotein *** pub.ished work strongly suggests that these are on the cell *** these ligands,lprG appears to b.nd DC-SIGN via typical proteinglycan interactions,b.t DnaK and Cpn60.1 b.nding do not show evidence of carb.hydrate-dependent *** was also identified as a ligand for DC-SIGNR(L-SIGN;CD299)and the *** orthologue of lprG has b.en found previously to interact with human toll-like receptor ***,these findings offer new targets for comb.ting mycob.cterial adhesion and within-host survival,and reinforce the role of DCSIGN as an important host ligand in mycob.cterial infection.

关键词： DC-SIGN Mycob.cteria lectins

Properties of SN Ia progenitors from light curves and spectra

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Frontiers of physics 2013年第2期8卷 144-167页

作者： P. Hoflich P. Dragulin J. mitchell b. Sadler T. Diamond C. Gerardy Department of Physics Florida State University Talahassee USA FL 32306 Department of Physics Astronomy Clemson University Clemson USA SC 29634

With recent advances in theory and ob.ervations, direct connections emerge b.tween the progenitors of Type Ia Supernovae （SNe Ia） and the ob.erved light curves and spectra. A direct link is important for our understanding of the supernovae physics, the diversity of SNe Ia and the use of SNe Ia for high-precision cosmology b.cause the details of the explosion depends sensitively on the initial conditions and the explosion scenario（s） realized in nature. Do SNe Ia originate from SD- or DD systems, and do they lead to Mcu mass explosions or dynamical mergers？ Does the statistical distrib.ion of SNe Ia depend on their environment which can b. expected to change with redshift？ In this contrib.tion, we will exam from the theoretical point of view the tell-tails for this connection, their consistency with the ob.ervations, and future directions. In a first section, we present the physics of the explosion, light curves and spectral formation in a nutshell to help understanding the connection. For details of the progenitor evolution and explosion physics, we refer to reviews and the other contrib.tions in this issue. Each of the topical sections starts with a b.ief general review followed b. a more detailed discussion of specific results. b.cause the youth of the field, some b.as is unavoidab.e towards results ob.ained within our collab.rations （and FSU）. The imprint of the metallicity, progenitor stars and properties such as the central density of the exploding WD are presented. IR spectroscopy, polarimetry and imaging of SNR remnants are discussed as a tool to test for the WD properties, magnetic fields and asymmetries. We discuss different classes of Type Ia supernovae, and their environment. Possib.e correlations b.tween the spectroscopic and light curve properties of SN Ia are discussed. Finally, the overall emerging picture and future developments are discussed.

关键词： supernovae: general progenitors light curves spectra

Palaeoclimate b.ckground of the diverse Eocene floras of South China

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Science b.lletin 2017年第22期62卷 1501-1503页

作者： Jian-Hua Jin Alexei b. Herman robert A. Spicer Tatiana M. Kodrul State Key Lab.ratory of b.ocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Lab.ratory of Plant Resources School of Life SciencesSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China Geological Institute Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow 119017Russia School of Environment Earth and Ecosystem SciencesThe Open UniversityMilton Keynes MK7 6AAUK

Hainan and Guangdong provinces,located in north tropical area and south sub.ropical area of China respectively,b.ar one of the highest levels of b.odiversity in *** modern floras of Hainan and Guangdong are dominated b. pantropical and tropical-sub.ropical taxa and many of their representative families appeared as early as in the Eocene[1].The Eocene,therefore,represents a crucial stage in the formation of the extant ***,previously the Eocene floras and vegetation were largely studied in mid-

关键词： Palaeoclimate b.ckground of the diverse Eocene floras of South China