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Investigations on longwall mining subsidence impacts on Pennsylvania highway alignments

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2020年第1期30卷 85-92页

作者： Emily Adelsohn anthony Iannacchione robert Winn Civil and Environmental Engineering University of PittsburghPittsburghPA 15213USA

Over 600 longwall panels have been mined in Pennsylvania in the last 50 years. Of those 600 panels, 25 panels undermined interstates highways. Despite this quantity of panels, much is still unknown regarded the detailed effects of undermining highways. The Gateway Mine, the Emerald Mine, and the Cumberland Mine undermined I-79 with 17 panels in 1982–1989 and in 2003–2008, respectively;Mine 84 undermined I-70 with 4 panels in 1987–2000. Through the examination of the panels that undermined I-70 and I-79, it is possible to determine which factors have most impacted the highway alignments. In some locations, the highway intersects with panels at angles ranging from 45° to 80°;and at the others, it runs between two panels, which simulates the effect of gateroads on the subsidence. The panel width to overburden ratio varies between 0.64 and 1.7, meaning that the interstates were influenced by both subcritical and supercritical subsidence basins. The face advance rates and overburden depths also vary between the panels. Unfortunately, specific information detailing highway impacts associated with unique characteristics of the subsidence basins are limited. In this paper, using the profile function model and influence function model within the surface deformation prediction system(SDPS), the effects of overburden,panel size, and orientation of the road on the highway can be indirectly assessed.

关键词： Longwall mining Subsidence Coal Interstate damage

Pharmacologic rationale for treatments of peritoneal surface malignancy from colorectal cancer

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2010年第1期2卷 19-30页

作者： PaulH Sugarbaker kurt Vander Speeten O anthony Stuart Washington Cancer Institute Washington Hospital Center Department of Surgical Oncology Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg Schiepse Bos 6

The peritoneal surfaces of the abdomen and pelvis are important sites for the dissemination of gastrointestinal and gynecologic malignancy. Transcoelomic dissemination of cancer cells gives rise to carcinomatosis, which, without special treatment, is a fatal manifestation of these diseases. To treat peritoneal carcinomatosis, cytoreductive surgery removes gross disease plus perioperative intraperitoneal and perioperative intravenous chemotherapy eradicates microscopic residual disease and chemical compatibilities. Chemotherapy agents are administered either by the intraperitoneal or intravenous route, based on their pharmacologic properties. A peritoneal-plasma barrier, which retards the clearance of high molecular weight chemotherapy from the peritoneal cavity, results in a large exposure of small cancer nodules on abdominal and pelvic surfaces. Tissue penetration of the intraperitoneal chemotherapy is facilitated by moderate hyperthermia (41-42℃). Targeting of intravenous chemotherapy to the peritoneal surface is facilitated by the intraperitoneal heat. A constant dose of chemotherapy agent and volume of carrier solution, based on body surface area, allows prediction of systemic drug exposure and systemic toxicity. Timing of the hyperthermic chemotherapy as a scheduled part of the surgical procedure to uniformly expose all peritoneal surfaces is crucial to success.

关键词： Intraperitoneal chemotherapy 5-fluorouracil Doxorubicin Mitomycin C Peritoneal-plasma barrier Appendiceal cancer Colorectal cancer Peritoneal mesothelioma Ovarian cancer

Controversies in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux and achalasia

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第20期12卷 3155-3161页

作者： kurt E roberts Andrew J Duffy robert L Bell Department of Surgery Yale University School of Medicine 40 Temple St. Suite 3 ANew HavenCT 06510United States

The immense success of laparoscopic surgery as an effective treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease （GERD） and achalasia has established minimal invasive surgery as the gold standard for these two conditions with lower morbidity and mortality, shorter hospital stay, faster convalescence, and less postoperative pain. One controversy in the treatment of GERD evolves around laparoscopic antireflux surgery （LAP, S） as the preferred treatmerit for Barrett＇s esophagus and the procedure＇s potential to reduce the risk of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. GERD has also been associated with respiratory symptoms, asthma and laryngeal injury, and a second controversy prompts discussions about whether total or partial fundoplication is the more appropriate treatment for GERD. A new and promising alternative in the treatment of GERD is endoluminal therapy. Three types of this new treatment option will be discussed： radiofrequency energy delivered to the lower esophageal sphincter, the creation of a mechanical barrier at the gastroesophageal junction, and the direct endoscopic tightening of the lower esophageal sphincter. Laparoscopic surgery is discussed not only as a very effective treatment for GERD but also as permanent cure for achalasia. This review analyzes the three most important treatment options for achalasia： medications, pneumatic dilatation, and surgical therapy. Medications as the only true non-invasive option in the treatment of achalasia are not as effective as LAPS because of their short half-life and variable absorption due to the poor esophageal emptying. The second treatment option, pneumatic dilatation, involves the stretching of the lower esophagus and is still considered the most effective nonsurgical treatment for achalasia. Finally, surgical therapy for achalasia and the two major controversies concerning this laparoscopic treatment are discussed. The first involves the extent to which the myotomy is extended onto the stomach, and the second concer

关键词： Gastroesophageal reflux disease Nissen Toupet Fundoplication Achalasia Heller myotomy

Evolution of surgical skills training

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第20期12卷 3219-3224页

作者： kurt E roberts robert L Bell Andrew J Duffy Department of Surgery Yale University School of Medicine 40 Temple StreetSuite 3ANew HavenCT 06510United Staets

Surgical training is changing： one hundred years of tradition is being challenged by legal and ethical concerns for patient safety, work hours restrictions, the cost of operating room time, and complications. Surgical simulation and skills training offers an opportunity to teach and practice advanced skills outside of the operating room environment before attempting them on living patients. Simulation training can be as straight forward as using real instruments and video equipment to manipulate simulated ＂tissue＂ in a box trainer. More advanced, virtual reality simulators are now available and ready for widespread use. Early systems have demonstrated their effectiveness and discriminative ability. Newer systems enable the development of comprehensive curricula and full procedural simulations. The Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education＇s （ACGME） has mandated the development of novel methods of training and evaluation. Surgical organizations are calling for methods to ensure the maintenance of skills, advance surgical training, and to credential surgeons as technically competent. Simulators in their current form have been demonstrated to improve the operating room performance of surgical residents. Development of standardized training curricula remains an urgent and important agenda, particularly for minimal invasive surgery. An innovative and progressive approach, borrowing experiences from the field of aviation, can provide the foundation for the next century of surgical training, ensuring the quality of the product. As the technology develops, the way we practice will continue to evolve, to the benefit of physicians and patients.

关键词： Surgery Training Certification Skills Simulation Curriculum

Effect of lignite amendment on carbon and nitrogen mineralization from raw and composted manure during incubation with soil

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Pedosphere 2022年第5期32卷 785-795页

作者： robert IMPRAIM anthony WEATHERLEY Deli CHEN Helen SUTER School of Agriculture and Food Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences.The University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoria 3010(Australia)

The application of animal manure as a source of plant nutrients requires the determination of the amount and pattern of nutrient mineralization from manure.A laboratory incubation study was conducted to investigate the influence of lignite amendment and lignite type on carbon(C)and nitrogen(N)mineralization in raw(feedstock)and composted cattle manure following application to soil at 30 and 60 t ha^(-1).The mineralization of C and N was determined by measuring changes in CO_(2) evolution and mineral N(NH_(4)^(+)-N+NO_(3)^(-)-N)over 40 *** results showed that lignite amendment suppressed the amount of manure C mineralized in both feedstock and compost,with the effect being more pronounced in the *** the 40-d incubation,the percentage of applied C mineralized was 26.4%-27.8%and 16.3%-21.4%in unamended and lignite-amended feedstocks,*** corresponding C mineralized in the composts was 12.4%-14.1%and 3.5%-6.5%.Lignite had no significant effect on the net N mineralized in compost(4.8%-6.7%and2.5%-7.8%in unamended and lignite-amended composts,respectively).Lignite had either no effect or increased the net N mineralized in feedstock(from3.2%-8.7%without lignite to 10.4%-13.5%)depending on the type of lignite *** study suggests that using lignite-amended manure,especially when composted,has the potential to build up soil organic C without limiting the availability of mineral N.

关键词： CO_(2)evolution manure mineralization mineral N nitrification soil incubation

Rectal biopsy for Hirschsprung's disease:a review of techniques,pathology,and complications

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2016年第2期12卷 135-141页

作者： Eleanor Dorothy Muise robert anthony Cowles Section of Pediatric Surgery Department of SurgeryYale University School of MedicineNew HavenCTUSA

Background:Hirschsprung's disease(HD)is one of the most common congenital anomalies of colorectal function,affecting approximately 1 in 5000 live births,with a 4:1 male *** is characterized by aganglionosis that is most often limited to the rectosigmoid,but can extend proximally along the colon and,in rare instances,reach into the small intestine.A clinical history of delayed passage of meconium beyond 48 hours after birth,physical exam findings of abdominal distention and vomiting,and a contrast enema demonstrating a transition zone are highly suggestive of *** sources:We searched databases including PubMed,Google Scholar,and Scopus for the following key words:Hirschsprung's disease,rectal biopsy,pathology,ganglion cell,nerve trunk hypertrophy,pediatric constipation,and selected publications written in English that were relevant to the scope of this ***:Based on the data presented in the literature,we reviewed 1)biopsy techniques for the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease,addressed inadequate biopsies,and complications from rectal biopsy,and 2)pathologic and histologic interpretation of biopsy specimens for the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's ***:A well-executed rectal biopsy with expert pathologic evaluation of the specimen remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease and is the subject of this review.

关键词： ganglion cell Hirschsprung's disease nerve trunk hypertrophy pediatric constipation rectal biopsy

Ending the Global HIV Epidemic Begins at the Individual National Level: An Update from the United States

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China CDC weekly 2020年第39期2卷 764-766页

作者： robert W.Eisinger anthony S.Fauci United States National Institutes of Health ChicagoUSA.

The pathway to achieving an end to the HIV pandemic begins with innovative and sustainable initiatives that optimize for each individual nation the implementation of evidence-based tools in the HIV prevention and treatment *** article provides an update on the current global HIV epidemic and describes the current activities associated with the recently announced plan to end the HIV epidemic in the United States.

关键词： prevention epidemic HIV

R-spondin-2 is a Wnt agonist that regulates osteoblast activity and bone mass

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Bone Research 2018年第3期6卷 289-302页

作者： M.Noelle Knight Kannan Karuppaiah Michele Lowe Sarthak Mohanty robert L.Zondervan Sheila Bell Jaimo Ahn kurt D.Hankenson Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Michigan Medical School Division of Pulmonary Biology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center

The R-spondin family of proteins are Wnt agonists, and the complete embryonic disruption of Rspo2 results in skeletal developmental defects that recapitulate the phenotype observed with Lrp5/6 deficiency. Previous work has shown that R-spondin-2(Rspo2, RSPO2) is both highly expressed in Wnt-stimulated pre-osteoblasts and its overexpression induces osteoblast differentiation in the same cells, supporting its putative role as a positive autocrine regulator of osteoblastogenesis. However, the role of Rspo2 in regulating osteoblastogenesis and bone formation in postnatal bone has not been explored. Here we show that limb-bud progenitor cells from Rspo2 knockout mice undergo reduced mineralization during osteoblastogenesis in vitro and have a corresponding alteration in their osteogenic gene expression profile. We also generated the first Rspo2 conditional knockout(Rspo2 floxed) mouse and disrupted Rspo2 expression in osteoblast-lineage cells by crossing to the Osteocalcin-Cre mouse line(OcnCre + Rspo2 ^(f/f)). Ocn-Cre + Rspo2 f/fmale and female mice at 1, 3, and 6 months were examined. Ocn-Cre + Rspo2 f/fmice are decreased in overall body size compared to their control littermates and have decreased bone mass. Histomorphometric analysis of1-month-old mice revealed a similar number of osteoblasts and mineralizing surface per bone surface with a simultaneous decrease in mineral apposition and bone formation rates. Consistent with this observation, serum osteocalcin in 3-month-old Ocn-Cre +Rspo2 f/fwas reduced, and bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cells from Ocn-Cre + Rspo2 f/fmice undergo less mineralization in ***, gene expression analysis and immunohistochemistry of mature bone shows reduced beta-catenin signaling in Ocn-Cre +Rspo2 f/f. Overall, RSPO2 reduces osteoblastogenesis and mineralization, leading to reduced bone mass.

关键词： The R-spondin family Wnt-stimulated pre-osteoblasts

New U-Pb-Hf zircon isotope data for the Paleoproterozoic Ubendian belt in the Chimala area,SW Tanzania

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第6期10卷 1993-2006页

作者： robert J.Thomas Joachim Jacobs Marlina A.Elburg Abdul Mruma Godson Kamihanda anthony Kankila Alex Masanja Hamisi Saidi Council for Geoscience 3 Oos StreetBellvilleCape Town7535South Africa Department of Earth Science University of BergenPO Box 7803Norway Department of Geology University of JohannesburgPO Box 524Auckland Park2006South Africa Geological Survey of Tanzania DodomaTanzania

We present new U-Pb and Hf zircon isotope data on a suite of granitoids from a hitherto unstudied area of the Palaeoproterozoic Lupa terrane of the Ubendian belt in SW *** major part of the area comprises a sequence of upper amphibolite grade paragneisses and ***,the field relations show a complex history of granitoid emplacement from early pre-tectonic strongly foliated diorite-tonalite-granodiorite orthogneiss to late tectonic,weakly deformed ellipsoidal granitoid *** were followed by emplacement of undeformed K-feldspar rich porphyritic alkali granite.U-Pb zircon data on the granitoids show their emplacement ages span the period^1925 Ma to 1890 Ma and constrain the culmination of the Ubendian orogeny in the Lupa terrane to about 1900 *** undeformed K-feldspar rich Chimala granite,previously considered to be unconformably overlain by the Buanji Group volcano-sedimentary rocks(recently shown to be^1675 Ma,not Neoproterozoic as originally thought)was dated at^1407 Ma showing that it must intrude the sedimentary rocks,although the age relationships are not exposed in the mapping *** is the first record of early Irumide/Kibaran-aged post-tectonic granites in this part of East *** isotope data from the zircons show that the granitoids have a long crustal pre-history stretching back to as far as^3.9 Ga,and showing that the Lupa terrane may form part of the"metacratonic"margin of an originally much more extensive Tanzania Craton.

关键词： Ceochronology Tanzania Ubendian Palaeoproterozoic Mesoprorerozoic