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Indirect Measurement Methods forQuality and Process Control in Nanomanufacturing

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Nanomanufacturing and Metrology 2022年第3期5卷 209-229页

作者： Zhaoyan Fan Xiaochen Hu robert X.Gao School of Mechanical Industrialand Manufacturing EngineeringOregon State UniversityCorvallisOR97331USA Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOH44106USA

Rapid advancement over the past decades in nanomanufacturing has led to the realization of a broad range of nanostructures such as nanoparticles,nanotubes,and *** unique mechanical,chemical,and electrical properties of these nanostructures have made them increasingly desired as key components in industrial and commercial *** the geometric dimension of nano-manufactured products is on the sub-micron to nanometer scale,different mechanisms and effects are involved in the nanomanufacturing process as compared to those for macro-scale *** direct measurement methods using atomic force microscopy and electron beam microscopy can determine the dimensions of the nano structure with high accuracy,these methods are not suited for online process control and quality *** comparison,indirect measurement methods analyze in-process parameters as the basis for inferring the dimensional variations in the nano products,thereby enabling online feedback for process control and quality *** paper provides a comprehensive review of relevant indirect measurement methods,starting with their respective working principles,and subsequently discussing their characteristics and applications in terms of two different approaches:data-based and physicsbased *** mathematical and physics models for each of the methods are summarized,together with the associated effect of key process parameters on the quality of the final *** on the comprehensive literature conducted,it was found that:(1)indirect measurement,especially the data-based method,plays a critical role when it comes to online process control and quality assurance in nanomanufacturing,because of the short processing time compared to the direct method,and(2)physics-based method is providing a way to optimize the process set up for desired geometrical dimensions.

关键词： Measurement Modeling Nanomanufacturing Quality control

Edge robotics:are we ready?an experimental evaluation of current vision and future directions

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Digital Communications and Networks 2023年第1期9卷 166-174页

作者： Milan Groshev Gabriele Baldoni Luca Cominardi Antonio de la Oliva robert Gazda University Carlos Ⅲ of Madrid Leganes28028MadridSpain ZettaScale Technology SARL Saint-Aubin91190France InterDigital Inc. WilmingtonDE19809USA

Cloud-based robotics systems leverage a wide range of Information Technologies(IT)to offer tangible benefits like cost reduction,powerful computational capabilities,data offloading,***,the centralized nature of cloud computing is not well-suited for a multitude of Operational Technologies(OT)nowadays used in robotics systems that require strict real-time guarantees and *** computing and fog computing are complementary approaches that aim at mitigating some of these challenges by providing computing capabilities closer to the *** goal of this work is hence threefold:i)to analyze the current edge computing and fog computing landscape in the context of robotics systems,ii)to experimentally evaluate an end-to-end robotics system based on solutions proposed in the literature,and iii)to experimentally identify current benefits and open challenges of edge computing and fog *** show that,in the case of an exemplary delivery application comprising two mobile robots,the robot coordination and range can be improved by consuming real-time radio information available at the ***,our evaluation highlights that the existing software,wireless and virtualization technologies still require substantial evolution to fully support edge-based robotics systems.

关键词： Edge robotics experimental fog MEC Virtualization ROS Fog05

YAP activates pancreatic stellate cells and enhances pancreatic fibrosis

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2022年第6期21卷 583-589页

作者： Lennard Spanehl Denis Revskij Karen Bannert Luise Ehlers robert Jaster Department of Medicine Ⅱ Division of GastroenterologyRostock University Medical CenterErnst-Heydemann-Str.618057 RostockGermany

Background:Pancreatic stellate cells(PSCs)foster the progression of pancreatic adenocarcinoma and chronic pancreatitis(CP)by producing a dense fibrotic ***,the incomplete knowledge of PSCs biology hampers the exploration of antifibrotic ***,we explored the role of the Hippo pathway in the context of PSCs activation and experimental ***:CP model was created in rats with the tail vein injection of dibutyltin dichloride(DBTC).The expression of Yes-associated protein(YAP)in CP tissue was *** and immortalized rats PSCs were treated with the YAP-inhibitor ***,YAP siRNA was ***,DNA synthesis,cell survival,levels ofα-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA)protein,presence of lipid droplets and PSCs gene expression were *** regulators of YAP signaling were studied by reporter gene ***:In DBTC-induced CP,pronounced expression of YAP in areas of tubular structures and periduc-tal fibrosis was *** diminished DNA replication in PSCs in a dose-dependent *** of YAP reduced cell *** cultures of PSCs were characterized by a de-crease of lipid droplets and increased synthesis ofα-SMA *** processes were not affected by *** the non-cytotoxic concentration of 100 nmol/L,verteporfin significantly reduced mRNA levels of transforming growth factor-β1(Tgf-β1)and Ccn family member 1(Ccn1).YAP signaling was acti-vated by TGF-β1,but repressed by interferon-γ.Conclusions:Activated YAP enhanced PSCs *** antifibrotic potential of Hippo pathway in-hibitors warrants further investigation.

关键词： Hippo pathway Pancreatic stellate cells Fibrosis Pancreatic cancer Chronic pancreatitis

Automated assessment of transthoracic echocardiogram image quality using deep neural networks

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Intelligent Medicine 2023年第3期3卷 191-199页

作者： robert B.Labs Apostolos Vrettos Jonathan Loo Massoud Zolgharni School of Computing and Engineering University of West LondonLondonUnited Kingdom Imperial College HealthcareNHS TrustUnited Kingdom

Background Standard views in two-dimensional echocardiography are well established but the qualities of acquired images are highly dependent on operator skills and are assessed *** study was aimed at providing an objective assessment pipeline for echocardiogram image quality by defining a new set of domain-specific quality ***,image quality assessment can thus be automated to enhance clinical measurements,interpretation,and real-time *** We developed deep neural networks for the automated assessment of echocardiographic frames that were randomly sampled from 11,262 adult *** private echocardiography dataset consists of 33,784 frames,previously acquired between 2010 and *** non-medical images where full-reference metrics can be applied for image quality,echocardiogram's data are highly heterogeneous and requires blind-reference(IQA)***,deep learning approaches were used to extract the spatiotemporal features and the image's quality indicators were evaluated against the mean absolute *** quality indicators encapsulate both anatomical and pathological elements to provide multivariate assessment scores for anatomical visibility,clarity,depth-gain and *** The model performance accuracy yielded 94.4%,96.8%,96.2%,97.4%for anatomical visibility,clarity,depth-gain and foreshortedness,*** mean model error of 0.375±0.0052 with computational speed of 2.52 ms per frame(real-time performance)was *** The novel approach offers new insight to the objective assessment of transthoracic echocardiogram image quality and clinical quantification in A4C and PLAX *** also lays stronger foundations for the operator's guidance system which can leverage the learning curve for the acquisition of optimum quality images during the transthoracic examination.

关键词： Image quality Echocardiography Objective assessment Deep learning Ultrasound

Microstructural development and mechanical properties of drop tube atomized Al-2.85 wt%Fe

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2022年第9期104卷 41-51页

作者： Mehmet R.Abul robert F.Cochrane Andrew M.Mullis School of Chemical&Process Engineering University of LeedsLeeds LS29JTUK

Al-2.85 wt%Fe alloy has been subjected to non-equilibrium container-less solidification using a 6.5 m drop *** samples were collected and sieved into 7 sizes fractions ranging from 850μm to 53μm,with the estimated cooling rates being 150 to 11000 K s^(-1)*** analysis was employed on all droplet size fractions for identification and evolution of the phases,showing that Al,Al_(6)Fe and Al_(13)Fe_(4)were formed for all sizes while Al_(5)Fe_(2)was observed only in droplets≤150μm in *** evaluation was conducted by using SEM and optical microscopy,showing that droplet larger than 300μm in diameter exhibited distinct morphologies;microcellular,dendriticα-Al with inter-dendritic Al_(13)Fe_(4)eutectic and an AI-Al_(6)Fe eutectic *** increasing cooling rate,the Al-Al_(6)Fe region *** analysis reveals that increasing the cooling rate increased the dissolved Fe content inα-Al from 0.37 wt%Fe to 1.105 wt%Fe,and correspondingly the eutectic fraction decreased from 49.7 vol.%to 26.7 vol.%.Measurement of the lamellar spacing allowed the eutectic growth velocity and interfacial undercooling to be calculated,wherein the Al-rich boundary of the eutectic coupled zone could be *** shows a coupled zone skewed significantly towards the intermetallic side of the *** order to understand the effect of non-equilibrium the solidification on the mechanical properties micro hardness of the droplets was *** micro-hardness has risen from 55.3 HV_(0.01)to 66.5 HV_(0.01)for≥850μm and≤75μm droplets,respectively.

关键词： Al-Fe alloys Container-less solidification Microstructure TEM Micro-hardness

Surgical management in pediatric neuroblastoma diagnosis and treatment:a 20-year,single-center experience

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2022年第2期18卷 120-125页

作者： Brianna Spencer Akshilkumar Patel robert Cilley Christa N.Grant Department of Surgery Penn State Health Milton SHershey Medical Center500 University DriveHersheyPA 17033USA Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine HersheyPAUSA Division of Pediatric Surgery Penn State Health Milton SHershey Medical CenterHersheyPAUSA

Background The currently utilized International Neuroblastoma Risk Group(INRG)staging system developed in 2009 uses image-defined risk factors as a measure of surgical risk,separating resectable neuroblastoma from those best preceded by *** previous International Neuroblastoma Staging System was based primarily on surgical *** hypothesized there would be a change to the role of the surgeon in neuroblastoma treatment in the more recent *** This is a single center 20-year retrospective analysis of 104 patients with International Classification of Diseases-9 and-10 codes for *** demographics,tumor site,cancer treatment modality,survival,biopsy technique,surgical intervention,and pathology staging were *** was analyzed by analysis of variance(ANOVA)and Student’s t *** There was a decrease in open surgeries for extra-adrenal neuroblastomas in the later decade(77%,31%,P=0.01).There was a narrowing of the time interval to surgery in the later cohort,likely as a result of uniformity in surgical timing on treatment protocols relying on INRG *** Our findings mirror changes in practice patterns *** found an increase in minimally invasive approaches but did not find a difference in the role of the surgeon under the INRG staging system.

关键词： International Neuroblastoma Risk Group International Neuroblastoma Staging System MYCN Neuroblastoma Resection

How can the forest sector mitigate climate change in a changing climate? Case studies of boreal and northern temperate forests in eastern Canada

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Forest Ecosystems 2022年第2期9卷 267-287页

作者： Lucas Moreau Evelyne Thiffault Dominic Cyr Yan Boulanger robert Beauregard Departement des sciences du bois et de la foret Universite LavalQuebecCanada Science and Technology Branch Environment and Climate Change CanadaGatineauCanada Laurentian Forestry Centre Natural Resources CanadaQuebecCanada

Background:Forest based climate mitigation emerged as a key component of the Paris Agreement,and thus re-quires robust science to reduce uncertainties related to such *** aim of this study was to assess and compare the cumulative effects on carbon dynamics of forest management and climate change on boreal and northern temperate forest sector in eastern Canada for the 2020–2100 ***:We used the spatially explicit forest landscape model LANDIS-II and its extension Forest Carbon Suc-cession,in conjunction with the Carbon Budget Model for Harvested Wood Products *** simulated the dynamics of forest composition and carbon flows from forest ecosystems to wood products and their substitution effect on markets under increasing climate forcing,according to a tonne-year *** were con-ducted for a series of forest management scenarios based on realistic practices principally by clearcut in the boreal territory and continuous-cover forestry in the northern temperate *** scenarios included:i)a business-as-usual scenario(BaU),representing the current management strategy,ii)increased harvesting by 6.3%to 13.9%,iii)increased conservation(*** harvesting by 11.1%to 49.8%),iiii)and a scenario representing the natural evolution of the forest landscape(*** any management activity).Results:Our study revealed that increasing harvesting levels had contrasting effects on the mitigation potential in northern temperate(enhance net sequestration)and boreal forest sector(enhance net emissions)in comparison to the BaU from 2040 onwards,regardless of the future *** storage in wood products and the substi-tution effect were not sufficient to offset carbon emissions from ***,climate change had a strong impact on the capacity of both landscapes to act as carbon *** temperate landscapes became a net source of carbon over time due to their greater vulnerability to climate change than boreal landsc

关键词： Climate change Carbon Forest sector Forest management Boreal landscapes Northern temperate landscape Mitigation potential

ETH-GQS: An estimation of geoid-to-quasigeoid separation over Ethiopia

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2022年第1期13卷 31-37页

作者： Ephrem Y.Belay Walyeldeen Godah Malgorzata Szelachowska robert Tenzer Ethiopian Space Science and Technology Institute Addis Ababa Ethiopia Centre of Geodesy and Geodynamics Institute of Geodesy and Cartography(IGiK)WarsawPoland Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina

The determination of accurate orthometric or normal heights remains one of the main challenges for the geodetic community in *** heights are required for geodetic and geodynamic scientific research as well as for extensive engineering *** main objective of this study is to estimate the geoid-to-quasi geoid separation(GQS)in Ethiopia(ETH-GQS).Such separation would be required for the conversion between geoid and quasigeoid models,which is mandatory for the determination of accurate geodetic heights in mountain *** airborne free-air gravity anomalies and the topo-graphic information retrieved from the SRTM3(Shuttle Radar Topography Mission of a spatial resolution 3 arc-second)digital elevation model were used to compute the ETH-GQS model according to the Sjoberg's strict formula for the geoid-to-quasigeoid *** ETH-GQS was then validated using GNSS-levelling data as well as geoid heights determined from different Global Geopotential Models(GGMs),namely the EGM2008,EIGEN-6C4 and *** results reveal that the standard deviation of differences between the geoid heights obtained from the EIGEN-6C4 model and the geometric geoid heights obtained from GNSS-levelling data were improved by~75%(***~24 to~6 cm)when considering GQS values obtained from the ETH-GQS.

关键词： Geoid-to-quasigeoid separation GNSS-Levelling Ethiopian vertical control network Orthometric and normal heights Airborne gravity data

Temperature regime of mountain permafrost in the Russian Altai Mountains

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Journal of Mountain Science 2022年第1期19卷 33-45页

作者： robert SYSOLYATIN Sergei SERIKOV Mikhail ZHELEZNYAK Mark SHATZ Yana TIKHONRAVOVA Melnikov Permafrost Institute Yakutsk 677010Russia

This study presents the long-term temperature monitoring in the Russian Altai Mountains. In contrast to the Mongolian and Chinese parts, the modern temperature regime of the Russian Altai remains unclear. The complexity of a comprehensive understanding of permafrost conditions in the Russian Altai is related to the high dissection of the terrain, the paucity of the latest observational data, and the sparse population of permafrost areas. The general objective of this study is to determine the temperature regime on the surface,in the active layer, and in the zero annual amplitude(ZAA) layer, based on the known patterns of permafrost distribution in the region. Using automatic measuring equipment(loggers), we obtained information on the temperature of frozen and thawed ground within the altitudes from 1484 to 2879 m a. s. l. during the period from 2014 to *** array of 15 loggers determined the temperature regime of bare and vegetated areas within watersheds,slopes, and valleys. N-factor parameters and surface temperature are similar to those in the Mongolian Altai, but the mean annual ground temperature at the depth of 1 m has a wide range of fluctuations(more than 32℃) based on research results, and we allocated it into three groups based on altitudinal zonality. Snow cover has a strong influence on the temperature regime, but the determination of the fine-scale variability requires additional *** temperature regime during the observation period remained stable, but continued monitoring allows a more detailed assessment of the response to climatic changes.

关键词： Ground temperature Mountain permafrost Temperature monitoring Altai Mountain Climate change