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Excess dietary Lys reduces feed intake, stimulates jejunal CCK secretion and alters essential and non‑essential blood AA profile in pigs

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 1336-1346页

作者： Maximiliano Muller Elout Van Liefferinge Alan Tilbrook robert van Barneveld Eugeni Roura Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food InnovationThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueensland 4072Australia Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality(LANUPRO) Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic EcologyGhent University339000 GhentFlandersBelgium Centre for Animal Science Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation and the School of Veterinary ScienceThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueensland 4072Australia SunPork Group BrisbaneQueensland 4009Australia

Background Commercial diets are frequently formulated to meet or exceed nutrient levels including those of lim-iting essential amino acids(AA)covering potential individual variations w.thin the ***,the provision of dietary excess of AA,such as Lys,may lead to reduced appetite and grow.h in *** mechanisms modulat-ing these responses have not been extensively *** study evaluated the effect of Lys dietary excesses on performance and satiety biomarkers in post w.aning *** Tw.nty-four pigs aged 21 d and w.ighing 6.81±0.12kg(mean±SEM)w.re individually housed and offered 1 of 4 dietary treatments for 3w.eks:a diet containing a standardized ileal digestible Lys reaching 100%(T0),120%(T1),150%(T2)or 200%(T3)of the NRC(2012)*** the end of the experiment,blood samples from the cephalic vein of the T0 and T3 groups w.re obtained for AA *** addition,primary intestinal cultures from T0 pigs w.re used,follow.ng their humane killing,to evaluate the effect of Lys on gut hormone secretion and AA sensors gene expression under ex vivo *** Feed intake w.s linearly reduced(Pw.ight gain to feed ratio reduced(Pw.th increased dietary levels of Lys during the third-and first-w.ek post w.aning,*** con-centration(Pw.s enhanced in proximal jejunum tissues incubated w.th Lys at 20mmol/L w.en compared to the control(Lys 0mmol/L).Plasma Lys and Glu(Pw.re low.r in T3 than T0 *** The present results confirm that excess dietary Lys inhibits hunger in ***,the results provide evidence of pre-and post-absorptive mechanisms modulating these *** dietary excesses should be nar-row.d,w.en possible,to avoid negative effects of

关键词： Amino acid Blood Cholecystokinin Feed intake Lysine Pig Satiety

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Hydrodynamic function and spring constant calibration of FluidFM micropipette cantilevers

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第1期10卷 277-286页

作者： Attila Bonyár Ágoston G.Nagy Hans Gunstheimer Gotthold Fläschner robert Horvath Department of Electronics Technology Faculty of Electrical Engineering and InformaticsBudapest University of Technology and EconomicsBudapestHungary Nanobiosensorics Laboratory Institute of Technical Physics and Materials ScienceCentre for Energy ResearchHUN-RENBudapestHungary Nanosurf AG Gräubernstrasse 12CH-4410 LiestalSwitzerland

Fluidic force microscopy(FluidFM)fuses the force sensitivity of atomic force microscopy w.th the manipulation capabilities of microfluidics by using microfabricated cantilevers w.th embedded fluidic *** innovation initiated new.research and development directions in biology,biophysics,and material *** acquire reliable and reproducible data,the calibration of the force sensor is ***,the hollow.FluidFM cantilevers contain a row.of parallel pillars inside a rectangular *** precise spring constant calibration of the internally structured cantilever is far from trivial,and existing methods generally assume simplifications that are not applicable to these special types of *** addition,the Sader method,w.ich is currently implemented by the FluidFM community,relies on the precise measurement of the quality factor,w.ich renders the calibration of the spring constant sensitive to *** this study,the hydrodynamic function of these special types of hollow.cantilevers w.s experimentally determined w.th different *** on the hydrodynamic function,a novel spring constant calibration method w.s adapted,w.ich relied only on the tw. resonance frequencies of the cantilever,measured in air and in a *** on these results,our proposed method can be successfully used for the reliable,noise-free calibration of hollow.FluidFM cantilevers.

关键词： spring cantilever function

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Coated boron layers by boronization and a real-time boron coating using an impurity pow.er dropper in the LHD

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Plasma Science and Technology 2024年第8期26卷 25-31页

作者： Naoko ASHIKAw. robert LUNSFORD Federico NESPOLI Erik GILSON Yaow.i YU Jiansheng HU Shinichiro KADO National Institute for Fusion Science Toki 509-5292Japan Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory Princeton NJ 08540United States of America Institute of Plasma Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031People’s Republic of China Institute of Advanced Energy Kyoto UniversityKyoto 611-0011Japan

In the Large Helical Device(LHD),diborane(B2H6)is used as a standard boron source for boronization,w.ich is assisted by helium glow.*** 2019,a new.Impurity Pow.er Dropper(IPD)system w.s installed and is under evaluation as a real-time w.ll conditioning *** the LHD,w.ich is a large-sized heliotron device,an additional helium(He)glow.discharge cleaning(GDC)after boronization w.s operated for a reduction in hydrogen recycling from the coated boron *** operational time of 3 h w.s determined by spectroscopic data during glow.discharges.A flat hydrogen profile is obtained on the top surface of the coated boron on the specimen exposed to *** results suggest a reduction in hydrogen at the top surface by *** oxygen in coated boron w.s obtained by boronization,and the coated boron,w.ich has boron-oxide,on the first w.ll by B-IPD w.s also *** the difference in coating areas betw.en B2H6 boronization and B-IPD operation,it w.uld be most effective to use the IPD and B2H6 boronization coating together for optimized w.ll conditioning.

关键词： boron layer oxygen impurity hydrogen recycling impurity pow.er dropper LHD EAST

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Three-stage pyrolysis–steam reforming–w.ter gas shift processing of household,commercial and industrial w.ste plastics for hydrogen production

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w.ste Disposal and Sustainable Energy 2024年第1期6卷 25-37页

作者： Rayed Alshareef robert Sait-Stew.rt Mohamad A.Nahil Paul T.w.lliams School of Chemical and Process Engineering University of LeedsLeedsLS29JTUK

Five common single plastics and nine different household,commercial and industrial w.ste plastics w.re processed using a three-stage(i)pyrolysis,(ii)catalytic steam reforming and(iii)w.ter gas shift reaction system to produce *** of plastics produces a range of different hydrocarbon species w.ich are subsequently catalytically steam reformed to produce H_(2)and CO and then undergo w.ter gas shift reaction to produce further H_(2).The process mimics the commercial process for hydrogen production from natural *** of the single polyalkene plastics(high-density polyethylene(HDPE),low.density polyethylene(LDPE),and polypropylene(PP))produced similar H_(2)yields betw.en 115 mmol and 120 mmol per gram *** though PS produced an aromatic product slate from the pyrolysis stage,further stages of reforming and w.ter gas shift reaction produced a gas yield and composition similar to that of the polyalkene plastics(115 mmol H_(2)per gram plastic).PET gave significantly low.r H_(2)yield(41 mmol per gram plastic)due to the formation of mainly CO,CO_(2)and organic acids from the pyrolysis stage w.ich w.re not conducive to further reforming and w.ter gas shift reaction.A mixture of the single plastics typical of that found in municipal solid w.ste produced a H_(2)yield of 102 mmol per gram *** the gas yields and composition from the single plastics enabled an estimation of the yields from a simulated w.ste plastic mixture and a‘real-w.rld’w.ste plastic mixture to be *** different household,commercial and industrial w.ste plastic mixtures produced H_(2)yields betw.en 70 mmol and 107 mmol per gram *** H_(2)yield and gas composition from the single w.ste plastics gave an indication of the type of plastics in the mixed w.ste plastic samples.

关键词： w.ste plastic Hydrogen Catalyst Pyrolysis reforming w.ter gas shift

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Natural parasites in conjunction w.th behavioral and color traits explain male agonistic behaviors in a lizard

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Current Zoology 2024年第1期70卷 59-69页

作者： Rodrigo Megia-Palma Dhanashree Paranjpe robert D.Cooper Pauline Blaimont Barry Sinervo Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology Parasitology UnitUniversidad de Alcala(UAH)E-28805Alcala de HenaresSpain CIBio Centro de Investigagao em Biodiversidade e Recursos GeneticosInBIO Laboratorio AssociadoCampus de VairaoUniversidade do PortoP-4485-661 VairaoPortugal BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics Biodiversity and Land PlanningCIBIOCampus de VairaoP-4485-661 VairaoPortugal Rupa Rahul Bajaj Center for Environment and Art Empress Botanical GardensKavade MalaPuneIndia Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095USA Department of Biology University of Houston Downtown1Main St.HoustonTX 77002USA Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of CaliforniaSanta CruzCA 95064USA

Male competition conforms to a cost-benefit model,because w.ile aggression may increase reproductive prospects,it can also increase the risk of *** hypothesize that an additional cost in aggressive males w.uld be an increase in parasite load associated w.th a high energy investment into sexual *** of these infections,in turn,may dow.modulate the level of host aggression via energetic *** staged dyadic male contests in the lab to investigate the relationships of multiple parasites w.th the agonistic behavior of lizard hosts,Sceloporus *** also included both color and behavioral traits from opponents in the analyses because(1)color patches of lizards may serve as intraspecific signals used by conspecifics to assess the quality of opponents,and(2)contests betw.en male lizards fit classical models of escalated aggression,w.ere lizards increase aggression displays in response to an opponent's *** results conform to our hypothesis because male lizards displayed more pushups w.en they had more ***,some parasites may modulate the levels of aggression because lizards infected by hematic coccidians performed few.r ***,lizards also displayed few.r pushups w.en both the chroma and size of the opponent's blue patch w.re *** results thus also supported the role of the blue patch of *** as a sexual armament,because it contributed to the deterrence of aggression from opponent *** revealed that natural parasitic infections in lizard hosts can contribute to their agonistic *** encourage future studies to account for parasites in behavioral testsw.thlizards.

关键词： Ixodes pacificus Lankesterella sexual selection social interactions ticks

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Effect of reaction and post-treatment conditions on physico-chemical properties of magnetic iron oxide nano-particles Author links open overlay panel

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Particuology 2024年第8期91卷 155-167页

作者： Masome Moeni Mohamed Edokali Matthew.Rogers Oscar Cespedes Louey Tliba Tamseela Habib robert Menzel Ali Hassanpour School of Chemical and Process Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Physical ScienceUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS29JTUK School of Physics and Astronomy Faculty of Engineering and Physical ScienceUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS29JTUK Mechanical Engineering Department University of Engineering&TechnologyLahorePakistan School of Chemistry Faculty of Engineering and Physical ScienceUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS29JTUK

Poor stability and dispersibility,as w.ll as aggregation are considered as major challenges in clinical application of iron oxide nanoparticles(IONPs).Several studies have show. that the synthesis parameters and post-synthesis treatments e.g.,drying methods,have the capability to improve the particles'***,w. investigate the combined effect of synthesis and post-treatment parameters on the particle size,stability and magnetism of ***(Fe_(3)O_(4))NPs w.re prepared via co-precipitation and post-treated using different methods,i.e.(i)freeze dried at-53℃,0.133 mbar for 48 h(liquid nitrogen frozen(LFD)and freezer frozen(FFD)),(ii)vacuum oven dried(VOD)at 60℃for 24 h,and(iii)kept w.t colloidal(w.T),dispersed in deionized *** Fe_(3)O_(4)NPs’chemical functional groups,size,shape,crystallinity,stability,aggregation,porosity,and magnetic properties w.re further analysed using different characterisation *** results show.d that,w.ile the w.T sample had the best stability and significantly less aggregation at different temperatures,amongst post-treated Fe_(3)O_(4)NPs,LFD sample exhibited the best stability(up to 37℃),dispersion and smallest polydispersity ***,all dried NPs had superparamagnetic characteristics,w.ile,LFD Fe_(3)O_(4)NPs had better magnetic properties and stability than other drying methods.

关键词： Iron oxide nanoparticles Co-precipitation Stability Aggregation Magnetic properties

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Extracellular vesicles and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in COVID-19 disease

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BIOCELL 2024年第1期48卷 1-8页

作者： YU LIU robert J.KASPER NATALIE J.S.CHOI Department of Family and Community Medicine Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinois

Extracellular vesicles(EVs)are membranous vesicular structures released from almost all eukaryotic cell types under different physiological or pathological *** evidence demonstrates that EVs can serve as mediators of intercellular communication betw.en donor and recipient cells or microorganism-infected and noninfected *** disease 2019(COVID-19)disease is caused by infection of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)of host cells in the respiratory system and various extra-pulmonary tissue/organs,resulting in complications of multiple organ *** the cell surface receptor,angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2)mediates cellular entry of SARS-CoV-2 into the host cells in patients w.th *** studies have found that ACE2 can be released w.th EVs,w.ich have been show. to interfere w.th the entry of the virus into host cells and thus may be involved in COVID-19 *** addition,ACE2,neprilysin(NEP),and thimet oligopeptidase(TOP)are the key enzymes that regulate angiotensin metabolism by converting angiotensin II or angiotensin I to angiotensin 1-7,the latter of w.ich has protective effects in counterbalancing the harmful effects of angiotensin II in COVID-19 *** review.summarizes the recent research progress regarding EV-associated ACE2,NEP,and TOP and the perspectives of their potential involvement in the pathophysiology of COVID-19 disease.

关键词： Extracellular vesicles COVID-19 Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 Thimet oligopeptidase

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Thermal History of Cambrian Burgess Shale-Type Deposits:New.Insights from the Early Cambrian Chengjiang and Qingjiang Fossils of South China

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年第4期35卷 1215-1223页

作者： Yuheng Qiao Linhao Cui Guangyuan Xing Dongjing Fu Chao Chang robert Gaines Xingliang Zhang State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics Shaanxi Key laboratory of Early Life and EnvironmentsDepartment of GeologyNorthwest UniversityXi’an710069China Department of Geology Pomona CollegeClaremontCA91711USA

Burgess Shale-type deposits provide a w.alth of information on the early evolution of *** that are central to understanding the exceptional preservation of these biotas and the paleoenvironments they inhabited may be obscured by the post-depositional alteration due to metamorphism at depth and w.athering near the Earth’s *** over 50 Cambrian BST biotas,the Chengjiang and Qingjiang deposits are w.ll know. for their richness of soft-bodied taxa,fidelity of preservation,and Early Cambrian *** alteration via w.athering has been w.ll-investigated,the thermal maturity of the units bearing the tw. biotas has not yet been *** w. investigate peak metamorphic temperatures of the tw. deposits using tw. independent *** gradient analyses demonstrate that the most fossiliferous sections of the Chengjiang w.re buried at a maximum depth of∼8500 m in the Early Triassic,corresponding to∼300°C,w.ile the type area of the Qingjiang biota w.s buried at a maximum depth of∼8700 m in the Early Jurassic,corresponding to∼240°*** geothermometer analyses of fossil carbonaceous material demonstrate that peak temperatures varied across localities w.th different burial *** tw. productive sections of the Chengjiang biota w.re thermally altered at a peak temperature of approximately 300°C,and the main locality of the Qingjiang biota experienced a peak temperature of 238±22°*** results from tw. independent methods are *** BST deposits for w.ich thermal maturity has been documented,the Qingjiang biota is the least thermally mature,and therefore holds promise for enriching our understanding of BST deposits.

关键词： the Chengjiang Biota the Qingjiang Biota burial history Raman geothermometer thermal history Burgess Shale-type Lagerstätte

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Elemental Geosystems robert w. Christopherson 4th ed.

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2004年

作者： robert w. Christopherson

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Alzheimer's disease and low.dose radiation therapy:A new.hope

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Radiation Medicine and Protection 2024年第1期5卷 1-6页

作者： Neal E.Dunlap robert P.Friedland Lu Cai Department of Radiation Oncology University of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKY40202USA Department of Neurology The University of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKY40202USA Pediatric Research Institute Departments of PediatricsPharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKY40202USA

The concept of low.dose radiation(LDR)-induced hormetic responses w.s initially observed approximately 70 years ago and systematically review.d along w.th the discovery of LDR-induced adaptive responses in a cytogenetic in vitro study in *** the end of the 1990s,discussions regarding the potential applications of LDRinduced hormesis and adaptive responses for preventing or treating chronic diseases,such as Alzheimer’s disease(AD)had taken *** 2016,reports on radiotherapy for the subjects w.th AD and for genetic AD model mice w.re ***,several preclinical studies w.th animal models of AD and clinical studies in AD subjects w.re conducted.A significant milestone w.s achieved w.th the online availability of a new.Systematic Review.based on qualified publications from these preclinical and clinical *** mini-review.provides a concise historical introduction to LDR-induced hormesis and adaptive responses w.th discussion of AD radiotherapy w.th either LDR or relatively high dose *** of this Systematic Review.cover promising outcomes,challenges,and new.questions,follow.d by discussion of potential mechanisms.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease Low.dose radiation Radiation adaptive response Radiation hormesis

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