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Risk of Pacemaker Patients by TASER X26 Contact Mode Application

Journal of Electromagnetic Analysis and Applications 2012年第2期4卷 96-100页

作者： Norbert Leitgeb Florian Niedermayr robert neubauer Gerhard Loos Institute of Health Care Engineering with European Notified Body of Medical Devices Graz University of Technology Graz Austria

The prevalence of pacemaker patients among the general population and of conducted energy devices (CED) for law enforcement and self-defence is increasing. Consequently, the question whether cardiac pacemaker (CPM) patients are on particular risk becomes increasingly important. The risk of Taser X26 electric interference with implanted CPM has been investigated by numerical simulation at MRI-based anatomical models of CPM patients with devices implanted at conventional sites (left pectoral, right pectoral and abdominal) and with the monopolar CPM electrode placed at the ventricular apex. In spite of 10fold higher peak voltages the different coupling conditions make Taser-induced CPM interference voltages lower than those caused by external cardiac defibrillators. It is shown that electric interference considerably depends on ECD electrode orientation. The most unfavourable conditions are encountered with ECD electrodes aligned with the line from the CPM electrode tip to CPM can (EPC line). It could be shown that worst case interference voltages of monopolar pacemakers of any kind of implantation remain below the pulse immunity level as defined in safety standards of implantable cardiac pacemakers and of cardioverter defibrillators. However, interference voltages exceed CPM sensing thresholds. Therefore, capturing should be expected at Taser X26 contact mode application at any position at the upper part of the body including the abdomen, both at frontal and dorsal positions.

关键词： Conducted Energy Numerical Simulation Anatomical Model Health Risk Electromagnetic Compatibility

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Risk of Pacemaker Patients by TASER X26 Contact Mode Application

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Journal of Electromagnetic Analysis and Applications（电磁分析与应用期刊） 2012年第2期

作者： Norbert Leitgeb Florian Niedermayr robert neubauer Gerhard Loos

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GEOCHRONOLOGY OF ^(Ar)/^(39)Ar DATING IN THE BASEMENT ROCKS IN EASTERN KUNLUN MOUNTAINS AND ITS TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS

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地学前缘 2000年第S1期7卷 227-227页

作者： Liu Yongjiang 1,2 , Genser Jenser 1, neubauer Franz 1, Jin Wei 2, Ge Xiaohong 2, Handler robert 1 (1 Institute of Geology and Paleontology, University of Salzburg, Austria 2 College of Earth Sciences, Changchun University of Science and Tech

A detailed survey of 40 Ar/ 39 Ar dating was carried out on basement rocks of the Eastern Kunlun Mountains. The samples were collected from Jinshuikou, Kuhai, Xiaomiao, Wanbaogou and Nachitai groups. All the samples were analysed in 40 Ar/ 39 Ar isotopic dating laboratory of Salzburg University in Austria. The results of 40 Ar/ 39 Ar dating include: (1) The Jinshuikou Group shows hornblende age of 388 5Ma, muscovite at 233～227Ma, and biotite ages between 232 2 and 208 2Ma. These are interpreted to result from amphibolite\|grade Caledonian orogenic diastrophism and low\|grade metamorphic Indosinian overprint. (2) The Xiaomiao Group is characterized by a 40 Ar/ 39 Ar muscovite age of 413 8Ma. (3) The Wanbaogou Group gives out a muscovite age of ca. 160Ma to the S of the Central Kunlun fault. (4) The Nachitai Group revealed a biotite age of ca. 110Ma that was overprinted by a very\|low\|grade event at 60～40 Ma. (5) The Kuhai basement to the S of the Central Kunlun fault is again characterized by a Caledonian age without detectable late overprint: Hornblende: ca. 405Ma, muscovite 376～357Ma, biotite: ca. 360Ma. The new ages constrain that the Kunlun basement essentially formed during Caledonian tectonic events. The basement was locally overprinted by Indosinian tecto\|thermal event in the north of the Central Kunlun fault, and by Jurassic and Paleogene tecto\|thermal events in the south of the Central Kunlun fault.

关键词： Ar/ 39 Ar geochronology Eastern Ku nlun tectonic

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