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Diurnal variation in fecal concentrations of acid-detergent insoluble ash and alkaline-peroxide lignin from cattle fed bermudagrass hays of varying nutrient content

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2015年第4期6卷 410-415页

作者： Juvenal Kanani Dirk Philipp Kenneth P Coffey Elizabeth B Kegley Charles P West Shane Gadberry John Jennings Ashley n Young robert T Rhein Division of Agriculture University of Arkansas Department of Plant and Soil Science Texas Tech University

Background： The effect of time of fecal sampling on the accuracy of acid-detergent insoluble ash （ADIA） and alkaline-peroxide lignin （APL） for the prediction of fecal output （Fo） in cattle was evaluated. Eight ruminally cannulated cows （594 _＋ 35.5 kg） were allocated randomly to 4 bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon （L.） Pers.] hay diets markedly different in crude protein concentration （79-164 g/kg） with 2 replicates per diet for 3 periods. Cows were offered hay individually at 20 g DM/kg of body weight daily in equal feedings at 08：00 and 16：00 h for a 10-d adaptation period followed by 5-d of total fecal collection. Fecal grab samples also were taken each day during the fecal collection period at 06：00, 12：00, 18：00, and 24：00 h either directly from the rectum or from freshly voided feces. Samples were composited within cow and time across the 5 d total fecal collection period. Additionally, forage, ort, and fecal samples were analyzed for concentrations of APL and ADIA. Results： Fecal concentrations of ADIA and APL were not affected by sampling time （P 〉 0.22）, even though diet affected （P 〈 0.01） fecal ADIA and APL concentrations. There were no diet x sampling time interactions （P ≥ 0.60）. Estimates of Fo and dry matter digestibility （DMD） from ADIA and APL were not affected （P 〉 0.16） by sampling time or the diet x sampling time interaction （P 〉 0.74）. Estimates of Fo and DMD from markers from different sampling times or all different combinations of sampling time were not different （P 〉 0.72） from those of total collection among internal markers. Conclusion： Little variation in concentrations of ADIA and APL in daily fecal excretion across time increases flexibility in fecal grab sampling schedules for predicting Fo and DMD.

关键词： Digestibility Fecal sampling time Internal markers Bermudagrass Cattle

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Conducting Polymer-Based e-Refinery for Sustainable Hydrogen Peroxide Production

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第2期7卷 334-342页

作者： Zhixing Wu Penghui Ding Viktor Gueskine robert Boyd Eric Daniel G■owacki Magnus odén Xaνier Crispin Magnus Berggren Emma M.Björk Mikhail Vagin nanostructured Materials Department of PhysicsChemistry and Biology(IFM)Linköping UniversitySE 58183LinköpingSweden Laboratory of organic Electronics Department of Science and Technology(ITN)Linköping UniversitySE 60174NorrköpingSweden

Electrocatalysis enables the industrial transition to sustainable production of chemicals using abundant precursors and electricity from renewable ***-centralized production of hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)o_(2))from water and oxygen of air is highly desirable for daily life and *** report an effective electrochemical refinery(e-refinery)for H_(2)o_(2)by means of electrocatalysis-controlled comproportionation reaction(2_(H)o+o→2Ho),feeding pure water and oxygen *** nickel(Ⅱ)oxide(nio)was used as electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction(oER),producing oxygen at the *** polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate)(PEDoT:PSS)drove the oxygen reduction reaction(oRR),forming H_(2)o_(2)on the *** reactions were evaluated in both half-cell and device *** performance of the H_(2)o_(2)e-refinery,assembled on anion-exchange solid electrolyte and fed with pure water,was limited by the unbalanced ionic *** of the operation conditions allowed a conversion efficiency of 80%.

关键词： conducting polymer hydrogen peroxide nickel(Ⅱ)oxide oxygen evolution reaction oxygen reduction reaction

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Laser induced broadband white emission of Y2Si2o7 nanocrystals

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Journal of Rare Earths 2019年第11期37卷 1196-1199页

作者： robert Tomala Dariusz Hreniak Wieslaw Strek Institute for Low Temperature and Structure Research Polish Academy of Sciences

The generation of broadband white emission of theα-Y2Si2o7 nanocrystals was observed upon excitation by focused beam ofCW lasers operating in near infrared,visible and blue *** influence of excitation energy on order of process is *** temperature of sample emitting laser induced white emission(LIWE)was determined by luminescence nanothermometry *** is found that the temperature is much lower than that predicted by blackbody model characterized with the same *** is shown that the LIWE is accompanied by efficient *** origin of white emission is discussed in terms of multiphoton ionization process leading to the inter valence charge transfer emission.

关键词： White light Photoconductivity Laser induced emission nanocrystals

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Value-added Impact of Geostationary Hyperspectral Infrared Sounders on Local Severe Storm Forecasts——via a Quick Regional oSSE

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2018年第10期35卷 1217-1230页

作者： Zhenglong LI Jun LI Pei WAnG Agnes LIM Jinlong LI Timothy J.SCHMIT robert ATLAS Sid-Ahmed BoUKABARA Ross n.HoFFMAn Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies University of Wisconsin-Madison Center for Satellite Applications and Research NOAA Atlantic oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory OAR/NOAA Center for Satellite Applications and Research NOAA

Accurate atmospheric temperature and moisture information with high temporal/spatial resolutions are two of the key parameters needed in regional numerical weather prediction(nWP) models to reliably predict high-impact weather events such as local severe storms(LSSs). High spectral resolution or hyperspectral infrared(HIR) sounders from geostationary orbit(GEo) provide an unprecedented source of near time-continuous, three-dimensional information on the dynamic and thermodynamic atmospheric fields—an important benefit for nowcasting and nWP-based forecasting. In order to demonstrate the value of GEo HIR sounder radiances on LSS forecasts, a quick regional oSSE(observing System Simulation Experiment)framework has been developed, including high-resolution nature run generation, synthetic observation simulation and validation, and impact study on LSS forecasts. Results show that, on top of the existing LEo(low earth orbit) sounders, a GEo HIR sounder may provide value-added impact [a reduction of 3.56% in normalized root-mean-square difference(RMSD)] on LSS forecasts due to large spatial coverage and high temporal resolution, even though the data are assimilated every 6 h with a thinning of 60 km. Additionally, more frequent assimilations and smaller thinning distances allow more observations to be assimilated, and may further increase the positive impact from a GEo HIR sounder. on the other hand, with denser and more frequent observations assimilated, it becomes more difficult to handle the spatial error correlation in observations and gravity waves due to the limitations of current assimilation and forecast systems(such as a static background error covariance). The peak reduction of 4.6% in normalized RMSD is found when observations are assimilated every 3 h with a thinning distance of 30 km.

关键词： oSSE hyperspectral sounder high-impact weather

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The concept of gene therapy for glaucoma:the dream that has not come true yet

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neural Regeneration Research 2024年第1期19卷 92-99页

作者： robert Sulak Xiaonan Liu Adrian Smedowski Department of Physiology Faculty of Medical Sciences in KatowiceMedical University of Silesia in KatowiceKatowicePoland Institute of Biotechnology HiLIFEUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland GlaucoTech Co. KatowicePoland

Gene therapies,despite of being a relatively new therapeutic approach,have a potential to become an important alternative to current treatment strategies in *** glaucoma is not considered a single gene disease,the identified goals of gene therapy would be rather to provide neuroprotection of retinal ganglion cells,especially,in intraocular-pressure-independent *** most commonly reported type of vector for gene delivery in glaucoma studies is adeno-associated virus serotype 2 that has a high tro pism to retinal ganglion cells,res ulting in long-term expression and low immunogenic *** gene thera py studies recruit inducible and genetic animal models of optic neuropathy,like DBA/2J mice model of high-tension glaucoma and the optic nerve *** gene therapy-based neuroprotection of retinal ganglion cells is targeting specific genes translating to growth factors(i.e.,brain derived neurotrophic factor,and its receptor TrkB),regulation of apoptosis and neurodegeneration(i.e.,Bcl-xl,Xiap,FAS system,nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyl transferase 2,Digit3 and Sarm1),immunomodulation(i.e.,Crry,C3 complement),modulation of neuroinflammation(i.e.,e rythropoietin),reduction of excitotoxicity(i.e.,Com KIlα)and transcription regulation(i.e.,Max,nrf2).on the other hand,some of gene therapy studies focus on lowering intra ocular pressure,by impacting genes involved in both,decreasing aqueous humor production(i.e.,aquaporin 1),and increasing outflow facility(i.e.,CoX2,prostaglandin F2a receptor,RhoA/RhoA kinase signaling pathway,MMP1,Myocilin).The goal of this review is to summarize the current stateof-art and the direction of development of gene therapy strategies for glaucomatous neuropathy.

关键词： adeno-associated virus gene editing gene therapy glaucoma IoP lowering IoP-independent mechanisms neuroprotection optic nerve optic neuropathy retinal ganglion cells

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Evolution and roles of cytokinin genes in angiosperms 2:Do ancient CKXs play housekeeping roles while non-ancient CKXs play regulatory roles?

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Horticulture Research 2020年第1期7卷 2486-2500页

作者： Xiaojing Wang Jing Ding Shanshan Lin Decai Liu Tingting Gu HanWu robert n.Trigiano Richard McAvoy Jinling Huang Yi Li State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and College of Horticulture Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingP.R.China Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996-4560USA Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture University of ConnecticutStorrsCT 06269USA State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement Key Laboratory of Plant Stress BiologySchool of Life SciencesHenan UniversityKaifengChina Department of Biology East Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNC 27858USA

Cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase(CKX)is a key enzyme responsible for the degradation of endogenous ***,the origins and roles of CKX genes in angiosperm evolution remain *** on comprehensive bioinformatic and transgenic plant analyses,we demonstrate that the CKXs of land plants most likely originated from an ancient chlamydial endosymbiont during primary *** refer to the CKXs retaining evolutionarily ancient characteristics as“ancient CKXs”and those that have expanded and functionally diverged in angiosperms as“non-ancient CKXs”.We show that the expression of some non-ancient CKXs is rapidly inducible within 15 min upon the dehydration of Arabidopsis,while the ancient CKX(AtCKX7)is not drought *** plants overexpressing a non-ancient CKX display improved oxidative and drought tolerance and root *** mutant studies have shown that non-ancient CKXs regulate organ development,particularly that of ***,ancient CKXs preferentially degrade cis-zeatin(cZ)-type cytokinins,while non-ancient CKXs preferentially target n6-(Δ2-isopentenyl)adenines(iPs)and trans-zeatins(tZs).Based on the results of this work,an accompanying study(Wang et ***://***/10.1038/s41438-019-0211-x)and previous studies,we hypothesize that non-ancient CKXs and their preferred substrates of iP/tZ-type cytokinins regulate angiosperm organ development and environmental stress responses,while ancient CKXs and their preferred substrates of cZs play a housekeeping role,which echoes the conclusions and hypothesis described in the accompanying report(Wang,*** *** and roles of cytokinin genes in angiosperms 1:Doancient IPTs play housekeeping while non-ancient IPTs play regulatory roles?Hortic Res 7,(2020).https://***/10.1038/s41438-019-0211-x).

关键词： Evolution drought ancient

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Changes in urinary excretion of water and sodium transporters during amiloride and bendroflumethiazide treatment

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World Journal of nephrology 2015年第3期4卷 423-437页

作者： Janni M Jensen Frank H Mose Anna-Ewa o Kulik Jesper n Bech robert A Fenton Erling B Pedersen University Clinic in nephrology and Hypertension Department of Medical ResearchHolstebro HospitalRegional Hospital Jutland West and Aarhus University Department of Biomedicine Aarhus University

AIM： To quantify changes in urinary excretion of aquaporin2 water channels （u-AQP2）, the sodium-potassium-chloride co-transporter （u-nKCC2） and the epithelial sodium channels （u-EnaC） during treatment with bendrofumethiazide （BFTZ）, amiloride and ***： In a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, 3-way crossover study we examined 23 healthy subjects on a standardized diet and fuid intake. The subjects were treated with amiloride 5 mg, BFTZ 1.25 mg or placebo twice a day for 4.5 d before each examination day. on the examination day, glomerular filtration rate was measured by the constant infusion clearance technique with 51Cr-EDTA as reference substance. To estimate the changes in water transport via AQP2 and sodium transport via nKCC2 and EnaC, u-nKCC2, the gamma fraction of EnaC （u-EnaCγ）, and u-AQP2 were measured at baseline and after infusion with 3% hypertonic saline. U-nKCC2, u-EnaCγ, u-AQP2 and plasma concentrations of vasopressin （p-AVP）, renin （PRC）, angiotensin Ⅱ （p-AnG Ⅱ） and aldosterone （p-Aldo） were measured, by radioimmunoassay. Central blood pressure was estimated by applanation tonometry and body fuid volumes were estimated by bio-impedance spectroscopy. General linear model with repeated measures or related samples Friedman’s two-way analysis was used to compare differences. Post hoc Bonferroni correction was used for multiple comparisons of post infusion periods to baseline within each treatment ***： At baseline there were no differences in u-nKCC2, u-EnaCγ and u-AQP2. PRC, p-Ang Ⅱ and p-Aldo were increased during active treatments （P 〈 0.001）. After hypertonic saline, u-nKCC2 increased during amiloride （6% ± 34%; P = 0.081） and increased significantly during placebo （17% ± 24%; P = 0.010）. U-AQP2 increased signifcantly during amiloride （31% ± 22%; P 〈 0.001） and placebo （34% ± 27%; P 〈 0.001）, while u-nKCC2 and u-AQP2 did not change signifcantly during BFTZ （-7% ± 28%; P = 0.257 and 5% ± 16%; P = 0.261）. U- EnaCγ inc

关键词： Amiloride Thiazide Sodium-potassium-chloride co-transporter Aquaporin2 Epithelial sodium channels Sodium Water Sodium transporters Hypertonic saline Urine

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Evolution of non‑lichenized,saprotrophic species of Arthonia(Ascomycota,Arthoniales)and resurrection of naevia,with notes on Mycoporum

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Fungal Diversity 2020年第3期102卷 205-224页

作者： Vinodhini Thiyagaraja robert Lücking Damien Ertz Dhanushka n.Wanasinghe Samantha C.Karunarathna Erio Camporesi Kevin D.Hyde CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Biodiversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of ScienceKunming 650201YunnanPeople’s Republic of China Center of Excellence in Fungal Research Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology Faculty of AgricultureChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50002Thailand World Agro Forestry Centre East and Central Asia Kunming 650201YunnanPeople’s Republic of China Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Freie Universitat BerlinKonigin‑Luise‑Str.6-814195 BerlinGermany Research Department Meise Botanic GardenNieuwelaan 381860 MeiseBelgium Service Général de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche Scientifique Fédération Wallonie-BruxellesRue A.Lavallée 11080 BrusselsBelgium A.M.B.G.Gruppo Micologico Forlivese“Antonio Cicognani” Via Roma 18ForliItaly A.M.B Circolo Micologico“Giovanni carini”C.P.314BresciaItaly Societa per gli Studi naturalistici della Romagna C.P.144BagnacavalloRAItaly

Fungi that are barely lichenized or non-lichenized and closely related to lichenized taxa,the so-called borderline fungi,are an important element in reconstructing the evolutionary history of lichenized *** is a prime example including non-lichenized,saprotrophic lineages which potentially were precursors to lichenized *** this study,we focused on saprotrophic species of Arthonia sensu lato,including new sequence data for Arthonia *** obtained fresh material of this taxon from a living branch of Fraxinus ornus in Italy to assess its taxonomic status and to elucidate its phylogenetic relationships within *** sections of the thallus and ascomata of *** confirmed the absence of a *** likelihood and Bayesian analyses of combined mtSSU,nuLSU and RPB2 sequence data placed the species close to ***(barely lichenized or non-lichenized)and ***(non-lichenized)in a clade closely related to Arthonia sensu stricto,and the *** clade is here resurrected under the name *** character state analysis within a broader context of Arthoniales does not support the saprotrophic lifestyle to be a plesiomorphic feature,but suggests loss of lichenization in naevia,as well as loss and possible regain in a second clade containing saprotrophic species and including taxa resembling Mycoporum,underlining the evolutionary plasticity of *** two clades constitute model taxa to further investigate the evolution of alternative biological lifestyles within the context of chiefly lichenized taxa.

关键词： Arthonia susa Arthothelium Evolution Lichenization Mycarthonia Pseudoarthonia Saprobes

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Development of a classification system based on corneal biomechanical properties using artificial intelligence predicting keratoconus severity

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Eye and Vision 2021年第3期8卷 203-213页

作者： robert Herber Lutz E.Pillunat Frederik Raiskup Department of ophthalmology University Hospital Carl Gustav CarusUniversitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus an der Technischen Universität DresdenFetscherstraße 74TU 01307 DresdenGermany

Background:To investigate machine-learning(ML)algorithms to differentiate corneal biomechanical properties between different topographical stages of keratoconus(KC)by dynamic Scheimpflug tonometry(CST,Corvis ST,oculus,Wetzlar,Germany).In the following,ML models were used to predict the severity in a training and validation ***:Three hundred and eighteen keratoconic and one hundred sixteen healthy eyes were included in this monocentric and cross-sectional pilot *** corneal response(DCR)and corneal thickness related(pachymetric)parameters from CST were chosen by appropriated selection techniques to develop a ML *** stage of KC was determined by the topographical keratoconus classification system(TKC,Pentacam,oculus).Patients who were classified as TKC 1,TKC 2 and TKC 3 were assigned to subgroup mild,moderate,and advanced *** patients were classified as TKC 1-2,TKC 2-3 or TKC 3-4,they were assigned to subgroups according to the normative range of further corneal indices(index of surface variance,keratoconus index and minimum radius).Patients classified as TKC 4 were not included in this study due to the limited amount of *** discriminant analysis(LDA)and random forest(RF)algorithms were used to develop the classification *** were divided into training(70%of cases)and validation(30%of cases)***:LDA model predicted healthy,mild,moderate,and advanced KC eyes with a sensitivity(S_(n))/specificity(S_(p))of 82%/97%,73%/81%,62%/83%and 68%/95%from a validation dataset,*** the RF model,a S_(n)/S_(p) of 91%/94%,80%/90%,63%/87%,72%/95%could be reached for predicting healthy,mild,moderate,and advanced KC eyes,*** overall accuracy of LDA and RF was 71%and 78%,*** accuracy for KC detection including all subgroups of KC severity was 93%in both ***:The RF model showed good accuracy in predicting healthy eyes and various stages of *** accuracy was superior with respec

关键词： Artificial intelligence Corneal biomechanics Corvis ST Grading Keratoconus Machine learning

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Hepatic steatosis and fibrosis: non-invasive assessment

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第45期22卷 9880-9897页

作者： Rustam n Karanjia Mary ME Crossey I Jane Cox Haddy KS Fye Ramou njie robert D Goldin Simon D Taylor-Robinson Liver Unit Division of Digestive Health Department of Surgery and Cancer Imperial College London St Mary’s Campus London W2 1NY United Kingdom Institute of Hepatology London Foundation for Liver Research 111 Coldharbour Lane London SE5 9NT United Kingdom Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine King’s College London London SE5 9NT United Kingdom MRC Gambia Atlantic Road Fajara The Gambia

Chronic liver disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and usually develops over many years, as a result of chronic inflammation and scarring, resulting in end-stage liver disease and its complications. The progression of disease is characterised by ongoing inflammation and consequent fibrosis, although hepatic steatosis is increasingly being recognised as an important pathological feature of disease, rather than being simply an innocent bystander. However, the current gold standard method of quantifying and staging liver disease, histological analysis by liver biopsy, has several limitations and can have associated morbidity and even mortality. Therefore, there is a clear need for safe and noninvasive assessment modalities to determine hepatic steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis. This review covers key mechanisms and the importance of fibrosis and steatosis in the progression of liver disease. We address non-invasive imaging and blood biomarker assessments that can be used as an alternative to information gained on liver biopsy.

关键词： Hepatic steatosis Fibrosis non-invasive assessment Blood biomarker Ultrasound

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