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Optical imaging of nociception in primary somatosensory cortex of nonhuman primates

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生理学报 2008年第5期60卷 664-668页

作者： Li-min CHEN robert m. Friedman Anna W. Roe Departments of Radiology and Radiological Science Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 3 7232 USA Departments of psychology Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 3 7232 USA Departments of Institute of lmaging Science Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 3 7232 USA

While the activation of primary somatosensory(SI) cortex during pain perception is consistently reported in functional imaging studies on normal subjects and chronic pain patients,the specific roles of SI,particularly the subregions within SI,in the processing of sensory aspects of pain are still largely *** optical imaging of intrinsic signal(OIS) and single unit electrophysiology,we studied cortical activation patterns within SI cortex(among Brodmann areas 3a,3b and 1) and signal amplitude changes to various intensities of non-nociceptive,thermal nociceptive and mechanical nociceptive stimulation of individual distal finerpads in anesthetized squirrel *** have demonstrated that areas 3a and 1 are preferentially involved in the processing of nociceptive information while areas 3b and 1 are preferentially activated in the processing of non-nociceptive(touch) *** activations of individual fingerpad were organized topographically suggesting that nociceptive topographic map exits in areas 3a and *** amplitude was enhanced to increasing intensity of mechanical nociceptive stimuli in areas 3a,3b and *** area 1,nociceptive response co-localizes with the non-nociceptive ***,we hypothesize that nocicepitve information is area-specifically represented within SI cortex,in which nociceptive inputs are preferentially represented in areas 3a and 1 while non-nociceptive inputs are preferentially represented in areas 3b and 1.

关键词：光学图象分析体感皮质疼痛分析猴类

modelling the daily risk of Ebola in the presence and absence of a potential vaccine

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Infectious Disease modelling 2020年第1期5卷 905-917页

作者： Stéphanie m.C.Abo robert Smith Department of Applied mathematics The University of WaterlooWaterlooCanada Department of mathematics and Faculty of medicine The University of Ottawa150 Louis-Pasteur PvtOttawaONK1N6N5Canada

Ebola virus d one of the deadliest viral diseases,with a mortality rate around 90%d damages the immune system and organs,with symptoms including episodic fever,chills,malaise and *** Recombinant Vesicular Stomatitis Virus-based candidate vaccine(rVSV-ZEBOV)has demonstrated clinical efficacy against Ebola in ring-vaccination clinical *** order to evaluate the potential effect of this candidate vaccine,we developed risk equations for the daily risk of Ebola infection both currently and after *** risk equations account for the basic transmission probability of Ebola and the lowered risk due to various protection protocols:vaccination,hazmat suits,reduced contact with the infected living and dead *** space was sampled using Latin Hypercube Sampling,a statistical method for generating a near-random sample of parameter *** found that at a high transmission rate of Ebola(i.e.,if the transmission rate is greater than 90%),a large fraction of the population must be vaccinated(>80%)to achieve a 50%decrease in the daily risk of *** a vaccine is introduced,it must have at least 50%efficacy,and almost everyone in the affected areas must receive it to effectively control outbreaks of *** results indicate that a low-efficacy Ebola vaccine runs the risk of having vaccinated people be overconfident in a weak vaccine and hence the possibility that the vaccine could make the situation worse,unless the population can be sufficiently educated about the necessity for high vaccine uptake.

关键词： Ebola virus disease mathematical model Risk equations Latin hypercube sampling Eradication

Apolipoprotein A-V gene therapy for disease prevention/treatment:a critical analysis

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The Journal of Biomedical Research 2016年第2期30卷 88-93页

作者： Trudy m.Forte Vineeta Sharma robert O.Ryan Center for Prevention of Obesity Diabetes and Cardiovascular DiseaseChildren's Hospital Oakland Research Institute

Apolipoprotein（apo） A-V is a novel member of the class of exchangeable apo＇s involved in triacylglycerol（TG）*** a portion of hepatic-derived apoA-V is secreted into plasma and functions to facilitate lipoprotein Iipase-mediated TG hydrolysis,another portion is recovered intracellularly,in association with cytosolic lipid *** of apo A-V function is positively correlated with elevated plasma TG and increased risk of cardiovascular *** nucleotide polymorphisms（SNP） in the APOA5 locus can affect transcription efficiency or introduce deleterious amino acid ***,rare mutations in APOA5 that compromise functionality are associated with increased plasma TG and premature myocardial *** engineered mouse models and human population studies suggest that,in certain instances,supplementation with wild type（WT） apoA-V may have therapeutic *** is hypothesized that individuals that manifest elevated plasma TG owing to deleterious APOA5 SNPs or rare mutations would respond to WT apoA-V supplementation with improved plasma TG *** the other hand,subjects with hypertriglyceridemia of independent origin（unrelated to apoA-V function） may not respond to apoA-V augmentation in this *** in the ability to identify individuals predicted to benefit,advances in gene transfer technology and the strong connection between HTG and heart disease,point to apoA-V supplementation as a viable disease prevention / therapeutic *** would include individuals that manifest chronic TG elevation,have low plasma apoA-V due to an APOA5 mutation/polymorphism and not have deleterious mutations/polymorphisms in other genes known to influence plasma TG levels.

关键词： apolipoprotein A-V adeno-associated virus triacylglycerol lipoprotein lipase atherosclerosis single nucleotide polymorphism gene therapy

Lower esophageal sphincter relaxation is impaired in older patients with dysphagia

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第10期17卷 1326-1331页

作者： Laura K Besanko Carly m Burgstad Reme mountifi eld Jane m Andrews Richard Heddle Helen Checklin robert JL Fraser Investigation and Procedures Unit Repatriation General Hospital Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Royal Adelaide Hospital Discipline of medicine University of Adelaide Adelaide 5000 South Australia Australia Department of medicine Flinders University of South Australia Bedford Park 5042 South Australia Australia

AIm: To characterize the effects of age on the mechanisms underlying the common condition of esophageal dysphagia in older patients, using detailed manometric analysis. mETHODS: A retrospective case-control audit was performed on 19 patients aged ≥ 80 years (mean age 85 ± 0.7 year) who underwent a manometric study for dysphagia (2004-2009). Data were compared with 19 younger dysphagic patients (32 ± 1.7 years). Detailed manometric analysis performed prospectively included basal lower esophageal sphincter pressure (BLESP), pre-swallow and nadir LESP, esophageal body pressures and peristaltic duration, during water swallows (5 mL) in right lateral (RL) and upright (UR) postures and with solids. Data are mean ± SE; a P-value mmHg; P mmHg vs 0.7 ± 0.6 mmHg, P mmHg vs 1.6 ± 0.5 mmHg, P = 0.01) with shorter relaxation after solids (7.9 ± 1.5 s vs 9.7 ± 0.4 s, P = 0.05). No age-related differences were seen in esophageal body pressures or peristalsis duration. CONCLUSION: Basal LES pressure is elevated and swallow-induced relaxation impaired in elderly dysphagic patients. Its contribution to dysphagia and the effects of healthy ageing require further investigation.

关键词： Dysphagia Elderly Esophageal motility Lower Esophageal Sphincter Aging

Sucrose transporter2 contributes to maize growth,development,and crop yield

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2017年第6期59卷 390-408页

作者： Kristen A.Leach Thu m.Tran Thomas L.Slewinski robert B.meeley David m.Braun Division of Biological Sciences Interdisciplinary Plant Group Missouri Maize Center University of Missouri Columbia MO 65211 USA Department of Biology Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA DuPont Pioneer Research & Development Johnston Iowa 50131 USA

During daylight, plants produce excess photo- synthates, including sucrose, which is temporarily stored in the vacuole. At night, plants remobilize sucrose to sustain metabolism and growth. Based on homology to other sucrose transporter （SUT） proteins, we hypothesized the maize （Zea mays） SUCROSE TRANSPORTER2 （ZmSUT2） protein functions as a sucrose/H^＋ symporter on the vacuolar membrane to export transiently stored sucrose. To understand the biological role of ZmSut2, we examined its spatial and temporal gene expression, determined the protein subcellular localization, and characterized loss-of- function mutations. ZmSut2 mRNA was ubiquitously expressed and exhibited diurnal cycling in transcript abundance. Expressing a translational fusion of ZmSUT2 fused to a red fluorescent protein in maize mesophyll cell protoplasts revealed that the protein localized to the tonoplast. Under field conditions, zmsut2 mutant plants grew slower, possessed smaller tassels and ears, and produced fewer kernels when compared to wild-type siblings, zmsut2 mutants also accumulated two-fold more sucrose, glucose, and fructose as well as starch in source leaves compared to wild type. These findings suggest （i） ZmSUT2 functions to remobilize sucrose out of the vacuole for subsequent use in growing tissues; and （ii） its function provides an important contribution to maize development and agronomic yield.

关键词： William J. Lucas, University of California, Davis, USAReceived Dec. 30, 2016 Accepted Feb. 10, 20171 Online on Feb. 16,2017

Generation and Propagation of an Urban Flash Flood and Our Collective Responsibilities

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Journal of Earth Science 2022年第6期33卷 1624-1628页

作者： robert E.Criss Eric m.Stein David L.Nelson Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Washington UniversitySt.LouisMO 63130USA 7427 Chamberlain Ave. University CitySt.LouisMO 63130USA 470 Columbia Circle PasadenaCA 91105USA

0 INTRODUCTION Destructive flash flooding is a growing global problem,with dangers being particularly acute in densely populated urban areas. The intensity of rainfall events is increasing, creating high runoff rates ... 详细信息

关键词： Flash flash Generation

Radioembolization for the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma:A clinical review

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第11期14卷 1664-1669页

作者： Saad m Ibrahim robert J Lewandowski Kent T Sato Vanessa L Gates Laura Kulik mary F mulcahy robert K Ryu Reed A Omary Riad Salem Department of Radiology Section of Interventional RadiologyNorthwestern MemorialHospitalRobert H.Lurie Comprehensive Cancer CenterChicago60611United States Department of Nuclear medicine Northwestern Memorial HospitalChicago 60611United States Department of medicine Division of HepatologyNorthwestern Memorial HospitalChicago 60611United States Department of medicine Divisionof Hematology and OncologyRobert H Lurie ComprehensiveCancer CenterNorthwestern Memorial HospitalChicago 60611United States Department of Radiology Section of Interventional RadiologyNorthwestern MemorialHospitalRobert H.Lurie Comprehensive Cancer CenterChicago60611United States Department of MedicineDivisionof Hematology and OncologyRobert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer CenterNorthwestern Memorial HospitalChicago 60611United States

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the sixth most common cancer in the *** majority of patients with HCC present with unresectable *** patients have historically had limited treatment options secondary to HCC demonstrating chemoresistance to the currently available systemic ***, normal liver parenchyma has shown intolerance to tumoricidal radiation doses,limiting the use of external beam *** of these limitations,novel percutaneous liver-directed therapies have emerged. The targeted infusion of radioactive microspheres (radioembolization)represents one such therapy. Radioembolization is a minimally invasive transcatheter therapy through which radioactive microspheres are infused into the hepatic arteries that supply tumor. Once infused,these microspheres traverse the hepatic vascular plexus and selectively implant within the tumor *** within the arterioles, the 90Y impregnated microspheres emit high energy and low penetrating radiation doses selectively to the *** has recently shown promise for the treatment of patients with unresectable HCC. The objective of this review article is to highlight twocurrently available radioembolic devices(90Y,188Rh)and provide the reader with a recent review of the literature.

关键词： Radioembolization Brachytherapy Hepatocellular carcinoma Yttrium-90 Rhenium-188

Preliminary rib support requirements for solid coal ribs using a coal pillar rib rating(CPRR)

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International Journal of mining Science and Technology 2021年第1期31卷 15-22页

作者： Khaled mohamed mark Van Dyke Gamal Rashed morgan mSears robert Kimutis National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Pittsburgh Mining Research DivisionPittsburghPA 15236USA

Researchers from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health(NIOSH)are developing a coal pillar rib rating(CPRR)technique to measure the integrity of coal *** CPRR characterizes the rib composition and evaluates its impact on the inherent stability of the coal *** CPRR utilizes four parameters:rib homogeneity,bedding condition,face cleat orientation with respect to entry direction,and rib *** these parameters are measurable in the field.A rib data collecting procedure and a simple sheet to calculate the CPRR were *** developed CPRR can be used as a rib quality mapping tool in underground coal mines and to determine the potential of local rib instabilities and support requirements associated with overburden *** calculations were conducted for 22 surveyed solid coal ribs,mainly composed of coal *** on this study,the rib performance was classified into four categories.A preliminary minimum primary rib support density(PRSD)line was obtained from these surveyed *** sample cases are presented that illustrate the data collection form and CPRR calculations.

关键词： Coal rib stability Rib support design Coal pillar rib rating Rib quality mapping CPRR Coal classification

Osteoarticular Lesions of the Shoulder Girdle by Hippopotamus Bite: Highly Septic Lesion

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Open Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第2期14卷 114-121页

作者： Jr Pierre Germain Ochou Achié Jean Régis Akobe Yao Aboh Ganyn robert Arnaud Assere Kouamé Jean-Eric Kouassi Adelaïde Aya Natacha Kouassi Ibrahim Soumahoro Zolopégué marcel Soro Sédi Loues De Randolphe Akpro Gbalé Yannick Blé Kouamé Innocent m’bra Loukou Blaise Yao Bada Juste Léopold NiaoréSery Koffi Léopold Krah michel Kodo Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatological Surgery Bouaké University Hospital Bouaké Ivory Coast Raoul Follereau Institute Manikro Centre Bouaké Ivory Coast

Hippopotamus bites are rare in medical consultations, despite several studies exposing their aggressive character. A case of a hippopotamus bite on the shoulder of a fisherman has been reported. In addition to the osteoarticular aspect representing a therapeutic problem, the infectious aspect was marked by sepsis, with a death in less than 48 hours. Based on this observation, a protocol for the initial management of large animal bites was submitted.

关键词： Bite Hippopotamus Septic Shock