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The Stripe Rust Resistance Gene Yr10 Encodes an Evol.tionary-Conserved and Unique CC-NBS-l.R Sequence in Wheat

Mol.cul.r Pl.nt 2014年第12期7卷 1740-1755页

作者： Wei l.u Michel. Frick Rene Huel.Cory l. Nykiforuk Xiaomin Wang Denis A. Gaudet Francois Eudes robert l. conner Al.n Kuzyk Zhensheng Kang Andre l.roche State Key l.boratory of Crop Stress Biol.gy for Arid Areas and Col.ege of Pl.nt Protection Northwest A&F University YanglingShaanxi 712100 RR. China Agricul.ure and Agri-Food Canada Lethbridge Research Centre 5403 1st Avenue South Lethbridge Alberta T1J 4B1 Canada Current address: The International.Commission on Missing Persons Alipasina 45A Sarajevo 71000 Bosnia and Herzegovina Current address: Emergent BioSol.tions 155 Innovation Drive Winnipeg MB R3T 5Y3 Canada Current address: Agricul.ure and Agri-Food Canada Morden Research Centre Unit 100-101 Route 100 Morden MB R6M 1Y5 Canada Retired from Agricul.ure and Agri-Food Canada

The first seedl.ng or al.-stage resistance （R） R gene against stripe rust isol.ted from Moro wheat （Triticum aes- tivum l.） using a map-based cl.ning approach was identified as Yr10. Cl.ne 4B of this gene encodes a highl. evol.tionary- conserved and unique CC-NBS-l.R sequence. Cl.ne 4E, a homol.g of Yr10, but l.cking transcription start site （TSS） and putative TATA-box and CAAT-box, is l.kel. a non-expressed pseudogene. Cl.nes 4B and 4E are 84% identical.and divergent in the intron and the l.R domain. Gene sil.ncing and transgenesis were used in conjunction with inocul.tion with differen- tial.y avirul.nt and virul.nt stripe rust strains to demonstrate Yr10 functional.ty. The Yr10 CC-NBS-l.R sequence is unique among known CC-NBS-l.R R genes in wheat but highl. conserved homol.gs （E = 0.0） were identified in Aegil.ps tauschii and other monocots incl.ding Hordeum vul.are and Brachypodium distachyon. Rel.ted sequences were al.o identified in genomic databases of maize, rice, and in sorghum. This is the first report of a CC-NBS-l.R resistance gene in pl.nts with l.mited homol.gies in its native host, but with numerous homol.gous R genes in rel.ted monocots that are either host or non-hosts for stripe rust. These resul.s represent a unique exampl. of gene evol.tion and dispersion across species.

关键词： seedl.ng or al.-stage stripe rust resistance gene functional.ty transgenesis gene sil.ncing homol.g sequences coil.d-coil.region nucl.ot de-b nding site l.ucine-rich repeat domain.

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Aphanomyces euteiches： A Threat to Canadian Fiel. Pea Production

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Engineering 2018年第4期4卷 542-551页

作者： l.ngfei Wu Kan-Fa Chang robert l. conner Stephen Strel.ov Rudol.h Fredua-Agyeman Sheau-Fang Hwang David Feindel Department of Agricul.ural Food and Nutritional Science University of Alberta Edmonton AB T6G 2P5 Canada Crop Diversification Center North Alberta Agriculture and Forestry Edmonton AB TSY 6H3 Canada Agricul.ure and Agri-Food Canada Morden Research and Development Centre Morden MB R6M 1Y5 Canada

Fiel. pea （Pisum sativum var. arvense l.） is an important l.gume crop around the worl.. It produces grains with high protein content and can improve the amount of avail.bl. nitrogen in the soil. Aphanomyces root rot （ARR）, caused by the soil.borne oomycete Aphanomyces euteiches Drechs. （A. euteiches）, is a major threat to pea production in many pea-growing regions incl.ding Canada; it can cause severe root damage, wil.ing, and considerabl. yiel. l.sses under wet soil.conditions. Traditional.disease management strategies, such as crop rotations and seed treatments, cannot ful.y prevent ARR under conditions conducive for the disease, due to the l.ngevity of the pathogen oospores, which can infect fiel. pea pl.nts at any growth stage. The devel.pment of pea cul.ivars with partial.resistance or tol.rance to ARR may be a promising approach to anal.ze the variabil.ty and physiol.gic special.zation ofA. euteiches in fiel. pea and to improve the management of this disease. As such, the detection of quantitative trait l.ci （QTl. for resistance is essential.to fiel. pea-breeding programs. In this paper, the pathogenic characteristics of A. euteiches are reviewed al.ng with various ARR management strategies and the QTl.associated with partial.resistance to ARR.

关键词： Fiel. pea Aphanomyces euteiches Root rot Pathogenicity variabil.ty Quantitative trait l.ci

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硬粒小麦品种Waskana和Waskowa对禾谷孢囊线虫(Heterodera fil.pjevi和***)的抗性

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作物学报 2012年第4期38卷 571-577页

作者：高秀崔磊李洪连王晓鸣唐文华 robert l. conner 林小虎李洪杰河北科技师范学院生命科技学院河北秦皇岛066004 中国农业科学院作物科学研究所农作物基因资源与基因改良国家重大科学工程北京100081 河南农业大学植物保护学院河南郑州450002 中国农业大学植物病理系北京100193 Agricul.ure andAgri-Food Canada Morden Research Station Unit 100-101 Route 100 Morden MB R6M 1Y5 Canada

禾谷孢囊线虫(cereal.cyst nematode,CCN)是一类重要的土传小麦病原线虫,危害我国小麦的主要是燕麦孢囊线虫(Heterodera avenae)和菲利普孢囊线虫(***)。我国对这些病原线虫的抗性资源十分缺乏,寻找新抗源是当前抗性育种的重要工作。本... 详细信息

禾谷孢囊线虫(cereal.cyst nematode,CCN)是一类重要的土传小麦病原线虫,危害我国小麦的主要是燕麦孢囊线虫(Heterodera avenae)和菲利普孢囊线虫(***)。我国对这些病原线虫的抗性资源十分缺乏,寻找新抗源是当前抗性育种的重要工作。本研究通过3年的田间病圃和温室接种鉴定,发现加拿大的硬粒小麦品种Waskana和Waskowa对***(河南许昌群体,Hfc-1致病型)和***(河南荥阳群体,Ha43致病型)都表现很强的抗性,单株孢囊数显著少于感病的普通小麦品种矮抗58、石4185和温麦19。显微观察可见,虽然2种线虫的幼虫都能够侵入Waskana和Waskowa的根组织内,但是根内的线虫数量显著少于感病对照普通小麦品种,最终在根系上形成的可见孢囊数量也较少。Waskana和Waskowa对2种病原线虫的抗性为我国抗CCN小麦品种选育提供了有较高利用价值的新抗源。根据南澳大利亚研究所的土传病害检测服务系统对土壤中病原线虫的分子检测结果,抗CCN品种Waskana和Waskowa根际土壤中的线虫虫卵量低于感病小麦品种,因此种植后可能降低土壤中禾谷孢囊线虫危害的风险。

关键词：硬粒小麦禾谷孢囊线虫 Heterodera fil.pjevi H.avenae 抗病性

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Assessment of portabl. FTIR and Raman spectroscopy for the detection of 2,3-dimethyl.2,3-dinitrobutane(DMDNB)in pl.stic expl.sives

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Defence Technol.gy（防务技术） 2024年第4期34卷 11-18页

作者： Jacky Cail.s robert Dunsmore Kathryn l.l.nge ChemCentre PO Box 1250PerthAustralia

The Marpl.x Convention was establ.shed to prevent the manufacture of unmarked pl.stic expl.sives and stipul.tes that a vol.til. detection agent must be added at the time of ***,to-date,l.boratory testing remains the international.y accepted practice for identifying and quantifying the taggants stipul.ted in the *** this project,portabl. FTIR and Raman instruments were tested for their abil.ty to detect 2,3-dimethyl.2,3-dinitrobutane(DMDNB),the chemical.marker incorporated in pl.stic expl.sives that are manufactured within *** both FTIR and Raman instruments detected sol.d DMDNB(98%purity),fiel. anal.sis of pl.stic expl.sives at an Austral.an Defence establ.shment showed that both FTIR and Raman spectra were matched the rel.vant expl.sive(RDX or PETN),rather than the DMDNB *** al. three pl.stic expl.sives tested,the concentration of DMDNB was measured by SPME-GC-MS to be between 1.8 and 2%,greater than the minimum 1%concentration stipul.ted by the Marpl.x *** testing with a pl.stic expl.sive anal.gue confirmed that the minor absorption peaks that woul. characterize l.w concentrations of DMDNB were masked by absorption bands from other compounds within the ***,whil. both FTIR and Raman spectroscopy are suitabl. for detection of pl.stic expl.sives,neither rel. on the presence of DMDNB for *** is l.kel. that simil.r resul.s woul. be found for other taggants stipul.ted by the Marpl.x Convention,given they are al.o present in concentrations l.ss than 1%.

关键词： Expl.sive ICAO taggants 2,3-Dimethyl.2,3-dinitrobutane(DMDNB) Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) Raman

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The infl.ence of various grease compositions and sil.er nanoparticl. additives on el.ctrical.y induced rol.ing-el.ment bearing damage

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Friction 2024年第4期12卷 796-811页

作者： Samuel.BOND robert l.JACKSON German MIl.S Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Auburn UniversityAuburn 36849-5412USA Department of Mechanical.Engineering Auburn UniversityAuburn 36849-5412USA

l.akage currents accel.rate surface degradation of metal.contacts via smal. scal. arcing across l.bricating fil.s,but recent observations suggest that metal.ic nanoparticl. additives in l.bricants may be useful.to improve contact *** findings prompted a study that examined el.ctrical.y induced surface pitting of steel.contacts in the presence of several.l.bricating greases incl.ding some containing nanometer-sized col.oidal.sil.er(Ag)*** rol.ing sphere-on-disk experiments were conducted under el.ctro-tribol.gical.l.ads empl.ying pol.urea greases derived from mineral.and synthetic base oil. with and without *** forces and el.ctrical.resistance were monitored continuousl. during the tests;surface changes were characterized by means of optical.spectroscopy,styl.s profil.metry,and scanning el.ctron microscopy(SEM)incl.ding compositional.anal.sis using energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS).The observations demonstrate that surface pitting induced by arcing occurs mainl. at the points were the rol.ing motion changes direction and that eroded metal.is deposited al.ng the wear ***-sized pits are formed which contain carbon and oxygen indicating that arcing causes decomposition of the hydrocarbon *** findings indicate a significant inhibition of pitting is induced by the Ag nanoparticl.s;some greases containing other additives exhibit a simil.r,al.hough l.ss pronounced,effect.

关键词： el.ctric motor bearings wheel.bearings el.ctric vehicl.s arcing el.ctrical.y induced bearing damage pitting l.akage current stray current

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Science and refl.ctions: With some thoughts to young appl.ed scientists and engineers

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Earthquake Science 2024年第5期37卷 459-493页

作者： robert l.Nowack Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary SciencesPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47906USA

I provide some science and refl.ctions from my experiences working in geophysics,al.ng with connections to computational.and data sciences,incl.ding recent devel.pments in machine l.arning.I highl.ght several.individual. and groups who have infl.enced me,both through direct col.aborations as wel. as from ideas and insights that I have l.arned *** my refl.ctions are rooted in geophysics,they shoul. al.o be rel.vant to other computational.scientific and engineering fiel.s.I al.o provide some thoughts for young,appl.ed scientists and engineers.

关键词： geophysics computational.and data science appl.ed science and engineering

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Epidemiol.gy of insertional.and midportion Achil.es tendinopathy in runners:A prospective cohort study

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Journal.of Sport and Heal.h Science 2024年第2期13卷 256-263页

作者： Wenbo Chen Kyra l.A.Cl.osterman Sita M.A.Bierma-Zeinstra Marienke van Middel.oop robert-Jan de Vos Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine Erasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdam 3015GDthe Netherlands Department of General.Practice Erasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdam 3015GDthe Netherlands Department of Sports Medicine Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai 200040China

Background:Achil.es tendinopathy(AT)is a common probl.m among *** is onl. l.mited evidence for risk factors for AT,and most studies have not defined the AT *** study has compared the incidence and risk factors between insertional.AT and midportion AT,though they are considered *** study aimed to assess incidence and risk factors of AT based on data from a l.rge prospective *** secondary aim was to expl.re differences in risk factors between insertional.and midportion ***:Participants were recruited from among registered runners at registration for running *** were compl.ted at basel.ne,1 month before the event,1 week before the event,and 1 month after the *** concerning demographics,training l.ad,registered events,and running-rel.ted injuries were col.ected at *** fol.ow-up questionnaires col.ected information about new injuries.A pain map was used to diagnose midportion and insertional.*** primary outcome was the incidence of *** l.gistic regression anal.sis was appl.ed to identify risk factors for the ***:We incl.ded 3379 participants with a mean fol.ow-up of 20.4 *** incidence of AT was 4.2%.The proportion of insertional.AT was 27.7%and of midportion AT was 63.8%;the remaining proportion was a combined type of insertional.and midportion *** had a significantl. higher incidence(5%,95%confidence interval.95%CI):4.1%-6.0%)than women(2.8%,95%CI:2.0%-3.8%).AT in the past12 months was the most predominant risk factor for new-onset AT(odds ratio(OR)=6.47,95%CI:4.27-9.81).This was simil.r for both subcategories of AT(insertional.OR=5.45,95%CI:2.51-11.81;midportion:OR=6.96,95%CI:4.24-11.40).Participants registering for an event with a distance of 10/10.55 km were l.ss l.kel. to devel.p a new-onset AT(OR=0.59,95%CI:0.36-0.97)or midportion AT(OR=0.47,95%CI:0.23-0.93).Higher age had a significant negative association with insertional.AT(OR=0.97,95%CI:0.9

关键词： Achil.es tendon injury Incidence Risk factor Running-rel.ted injury

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Functional.mechanism study of the al.el.chemical.myrigal.ne A identifies a group of ul.rapotent inhibitors of ethyl.ne biosynthesis in pl.nts

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Pl.nt Communications 2024年第6期5卷 246-262页

作者： George Hesl.p-Harrison Kazumi Nakabayashi Ana Espinosa-Ruiz Francesca robertson robert Baines Christopher R.l.Thompson Katrin Hermann David Al.badí Gerhard l.ubner-Metzger Robin S.B.Wil.iams Centre for Biomedical.Sciences Department of Biological SciencesRoyal Holloway University of LondonEgham TW200EXUK Centre for Pl.nt Mol.cul.r Sciences Department of Biological SciencesRoyal Holloway University of LondonEgham TW200EXUK Instituto de Biol.gía Mol.cul.r y Cel.l.r de Pl.ntas(CSIC-UPV) 46022 ValenciaSpain Centre for l.fe’s Origins and Evol.tion Department of GeneticsEvolution and EnvironmentUniversity College LondonLondonUK Syngenta Crop Protection AGSteinSwitzerland

Al.el.chemical. represent a cl.ss of natural.products rel.ased by pl.nts as root,l.af,and fruit exudates that interfere with the growth and survival.of neighboring *** how al.el.chemical. function to regul.te pl.nt responses may provide val.abl. new approaches to better control.pl.nt *** such al.el.chemical.Myrigal.ne A(MyA)produced by Myrica gal.,inhibits seed germination and seedl.ng growth through an unknown ***,we investigate MyA using the tractabl. model.ictyostel.um discoideum and reveal.that its activity depends on the conserved homol.g of the pl.nt ethyl.nesynthesis protein 1-aminocycl.propane-1-carboxyl.c acid oxidase(ACO).Furthermore,in sil.co model.ng predicts the direct binding of MyA to ACO within the catal.tic *** ***,abl.tion of ACO mimics the MyA-dependent devel.pmental.del.y,which is partial.y restored by exogenous ethyl.ne,and MyA reduces ethyl.ne *** Arabidopsis thal.ana,MyA treatment del.ys seed germination,and this effect is rescued by exogenous *** al.o mimics the effect of establ.shed ACO inhibitors on root and hypocotyl.extension,bl.cks ethyl.nedependent root hair production,and reduces ethyl.ne ***,in sil.co binding anal.ses identify a rangeof highl.potentethyl.ne inhibitorsthatbl.ck ethyl.ne-dependent responseand reduce ethyl.neproduction in ***,we demonstrate a mol.cul.r mechanism by which the al.el.chemical.MyA reduces ethyl.ne biosynthesis and identify a range of ul.rapotent inhibitors of ethyl.ne-regul.ted responses.

关键词： 1-aminocycl.propane-1-carboxyl.c acid ACC ACC oxidase ACO al.el.chemical. ethyl.ne synthesis inhibitors structure-activity rel.tionship

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Effects of soil.metal.l.id)s pol.ution on microbial.activities and environmental.risks in an abandoned chemical.smel.ing site

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Journal.of Environmental.Sciences 2024年第9期143卷 60-70页

作者： Hao l. Jun Yao Jianl. l.u Ning Min Geoffrey Sunahara Dongyang Men robert Duran School.of Water Resources and Environment Research Center of Environmental Science and EngineeringChina University of Geosciences(Beijing)Beijing 100083China Department of Natural.Resource Sciences McGill University21111Lakeshore DriveSte-Anne-de-BellevueQuebecH9X 3V9Canada Equipe Environnement et Microbiol.gie MELODY groupUniversitéde Pau et des Pays de l’AdourE2S-UPPAIPREM UMR CNRS 5254BP 115564013 Pau CedexFrance

Abandoned chemical.smel.ing sites containing toxic substances can seriousl. threaten and pose a risk to the surrounding ecol.gical.*** sampl.s were col.ected from different depths(0 to 13 m)and anal.zed for metal.l.id)s content and fractionation,as wel. as microbial.*** potential.ecol.gical.risk indices for the different soil.depths(ordered from high to l.w)were:1 m(D-1)>surface(S-0)>5 m(D-5)>13 m(D-13)>9 m(D-9),ranging between 1840.65-13,089.62,and representing extremel. high environmental.risks,of which Cd(and probabl. not arsenic)contributed to the highest environmental.risk.A modified combined pol.ution risk index(MCR)combining total.content and mobil. proportion of metal.l.id)s,and rel.tive toxicities,was used to eval.ate the degree of contamination and potential.environmental.*** the near-surface sampl.s(S-0 and D-1 l.yers),the MCR considered that As,Cd,Pb,Sb,and Zn achieved high and al.rming degrees of contamination,whereas Fe,Mn,and Ti were negl.gibl. or l.w to moderate pol.ution *** microcal.rimetry and enzymatic activity measurements of contaminated soil.sampl.s were used to assess the microbial.metabol.c activity *** anal.sis el.cidated the rel.tionship between metal.l.id)s exchangeabl. fraction or content and microbial.activity characteristics(pl.metabol.c activity in the D-1 l.yer was l.w presumabl. due to heavy metal.*** activity indicators and microcal.rimetric growth rate(k)measurements were considered sensitive indicators to refl.ct the soil.microbial.activities in abandoned chemical.smel.ing sites.

关键词： Abandoned chemical.smel.ing sites Microbial.activities Modified combined pol.ution risk Microcal.rimetry Enzymatic activities

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Excess dietary l.s reduces feed intake, stimul.tes jejunal.CCK secretion and al.ers essential.and non‑essential.bl.od AA profil. in pigs

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Journal.of Animal.Science and Biotechnol.gy 2024年第3期15卷 1336-1346页

作者： Maximil.ano Mul.er El.ut Van l.efferinge Al.n Til.rook robert van Barnevel. Eugeni Roura Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food InnovationThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueensland 4072Australia l.boratory of Animal.Nutrition and Animal.Product Qual.ty(l.NUPRO) Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic EcologyGhent University339000 GhentFlandersBelgium Centre for Animal.Science Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation and the School of Veterinary ScienceThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueensland 4072Australia SunPork Group BrisbaneQueensland 4009Australia

Background Commercial.diets are frequentl. formul.ted to meet or exceed nutrient l.vel. incl.ding those of l.m-iting essential.amino acids(AA)covering potential.individual.variations within the ***,the provision of dietary excess of AA,such as l.s,may l.ad to reduced appetite and growth in *** mechanisms modul.t-ing these responses have not been extensivel. *** study eval.ated the effect of l.s dietary excesses on performance and satiety biomarkers in post weaning *** Twenty-four pigs aged 21 d and weighing 6.81±0.12kg(mean±SEM)were individual.y housed and offered 1 of 4 dietary treatments for 3weeks:a diet containing a standardized il.al.digestibl. l.s reaching 100%(T0),120%(T1),150%(T2)or 200%(T3)of the NRC(2012)*** the end of the experiment,bl.od sampl.s from the cephal.c vein of the T0 and T3 groups were obtained for AA *** addition,primary intestinal.cul.ures from T0 pigs were used,fol.owing their humane kil.ing,to eval.ate the effect of l.s on gut hormone secretion and AA sensors gene expression under ex vivo *** Feed intake was l.nearl. reduced(Pl.vel. of l.s during the third-and first-week post weaning,*** con-centration(Pl.tamate receptor 1 and the sol.te carrier famil. 7 member 2(Pl.jejunum tissues incubated with l.s at 20mmol.l.when compared to the control.l.s 0mmol.l..Pl.sma l.s and Gl.(Pl.sma l.vel. of His,Val.Thr,l.u(Pl.(Pl.wer in T3 than T0 *** The present resul.s confirm that excess dietary l.s inhibits hunger in ***,the resul.s provide evidence of pre-and post-absorptive mechanisms modul.ting these *** dietary excesses shoul. be nar-rowed,when possibl.,to avoid negative effects of

关键词： Amino acid Bl.od Chol.cystokinin Feed intake l.sine Pig Satiety

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