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Measurements of Laminar Burning Velocities of Alternative Fuels:Application in Transport and Aerospace

Journal of Thermal Science 2023年第2期32卷 503-512页

作者： richter Sandra BRAUN-UNKHOFF Marina NAUMANN clemens German Aerospace Center(DLR) Institute of Combustion TechnologyDepartment of Chemical Kinetics and AnalyticsStuttgart 70569Germany

The laminar burning velocity belongs to the fundamental combustion properties of fuels being a measure for their heat release,flame length,as well as reactivity and combustion stability,and thus,may impact the design of burners and combustion ***,these experimental data are needed for the validation and optimization within the construction and development of detailed chemical kinetic reaction *** this study,an overview of the different applications of fuel characterization regarding the specific area of interest(road transport,aviation,and aerospace)will be *** on the application,effects of different molecular characteristics on the laminar burning velocity are evaluated:the presence of oxygen atoms and the grade of branching in a specific fuel molecule as well as the difference in the type of a chemical bond,here,single and double *** of alternative fuels being discussed in the present study are:(Ⅰ)oxymethylene ether(OMEn)in the field of road transport;(Ⅱ)a paraffinic Alcohol-to-Jet fuel as sustainable aviation fuel;and(Ⅲ)mixtures of ethane or ethene with nitrous oxide as green propellants for rocket propulsion applications.

关键词： laminar burning velocity alternative sustainable fuels road transport aviation fuels green propellants

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Lopinavir Plasma Concentrations and Serum Lipids in Therapy Naïve HIV-Patients: A Sub Analysis of the FREE Study

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2012年第1期3卷 90-96页

作者： Hadewych J. M. ter Hofstede Peter P. Koopmans David M. Burger Herman G. Sprenger Chris ten Napel rob vriesendorp.clemens richter 不详

Antiretroviral therapy in HIV patients is known for its negative effect on the cardiovascular system. One of the major adverse events in patients on lopinavir is increasing lipids. Hyperlipidaemia together with chronic inflammation by HIV-infection itself makes these patients prone for cardiovascular *** purpose of this study (a sub study within the FREE-study) was to determine if higher plasma lopinavir (LPV) concentrations lead to increase of serum lipids. Plasma drug concentrations were analysed up to week 24 in a prospective cohort of HIV antiretroviral therapy naive patients who started on a regimen of zidovudine, lamivudine and ritonavir-boosted lopinavir (FREE study). Prospectively we measured plasma lopinavir concentrations from baseline to week 24 in 72 naive HIV-patients starting on lopinavir (59 males and 13 females). A total of 210 samples were analysed, with at least 2 samples in every patient. Mean LPV trough concentration was 4.3 mg/L (± 2.1). The median intra-subject variation in LPV level was 38% (range 4% - 111%). Serum lipids were not correlated to LPV plasma concentrations possibly due to the wide intra-individual variability in LPV trough levels. Monitoring of plasma lopinavir and subsequent dose adjustment of LPV will not be useful to prevent hyperlipidaemia in HIV-patients treated with lopinavir.

关键词： HIV Infection Lopinavir Plasma Concentrations Hypertriglyceridaemia Hypercholesterolaemia Dyslipidaemia Metabolic Toxicity

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633nm HeNe LASER COUPLED-CONFOCAL MICROSCOPE ALLOWS SIMULATING MRI/CT SCAN OF THE BRAIN AND EYE:A NONINVASIVE OPTICAL APPROACH APPLICABLE TO SMALL LABORATORY ANIMALS

633nm HeNe LASER COUPLED-CONFOCAL MICROSCOPE ALLOWS SIMULATI...

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第十三届国际体视学大会

作者： Edwin Romme Peter J.van der Spek clemens M.F.Dirven rob Willemsen Johan M.Kros Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam Netherlands

＜正＞Magnetic resonance imaging（MRI） and computed tomography（CT） are noninvasive medical imaging techniques used for the detailed visualization of internal organs of the human *** CT uses X-rays for imaging,there is a risk of radiation *** contrast,MRI uses radio waves and magnetic fields for imaging;thus,there are no reported biological ***,neither MRI nor CT is suitable as a noninvasive imaging tool applicable in small laboratory animals such as zebrafish embryos or *** recently established micro-CT scanner is only suitable for scanning adult fish and a staining procedure is required for *** addition,CT-based scanning is generally more suitable for skeletal imaging but not for visualization of soft tissues because of its lower *** this study,we evaluated whether 633 nm HeNe laser-coupled confocal microscope allows simulating MRI/CT scan and imaging soft tissues such as brain and eye in zebrafish embryos/*** show that the 633 nm HeNe laser can penetrate well into intact brain and eye of *** represents a noninvasive imaging method with high resolution while not requiring contrast agents,enabling the detection of differential signals from normal and pathological organs such as brain and eye.

关键词： 633nm HeNe laser confocal microscope brain and eye imaging small laboratory animal noninvasive high spatial resolution

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欧洲中央银行（ECB）

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城市环境设计 2020年第4期 162-173页

作者：沃尔夫·狄·普瑞克斯 Magdalena Baczkowska Markus Baumann Michael Beckert Johannes Behrens Hilde Benda Marcelo Bernardi Nico Boyer Jan Brosch Timo Carl Anna Rita Cedroni Jasmin Dieterle Sabrina Dlugosch Jan Ruben Fischer Brigitte Fuchs Sergio Gonzales Gesine G?rlich Martin Gruber Guthu Hallstein Sebastian Haffner Simone Hainz Sascha Hempel rob Henderson Emanuele Iacono Martin Jelinek Rashmi Krishna Jois Ivana Jug Frank Pascal Kaul Matt Kirkham Daniela Kr?hnert Bernward Krone Christian Labud Anke Lammert Monika Lyzyczka Steven M Christian Maeder Dimitra Mamou Ariane Marx Christoph Maurer Matthias Niemeyer Martin Oberascher Ross Olson Renate Ott Gerhard Pfeiler Ellen Pietrzyk James Pike robert Pippan Jakob Przybylo Anna Ptaszynska Stephanie Rathgeber Carmen Renz Salome Reves Donna Riedel Akvile Rimantaite Pete Rose Penelope Rüttimann Stefan Rutzinger Oliver Sachse Kristina Schinegger Benjamin Schmidt Marita Schnepper Thomas Siegl Ebru Simsek-Lenk Denise Sokolowski Augustin Solorzano Anja Sorger Andrea St?llenwerk Ernst Stockinger Crystal K.H Tang Jürgen Tiltmann Markus Tritthart Josef Tr?ster Günther Weber Andreas Weissenbach clemens Werb Judith Werkh?user Markus Wings Eva Wolf Barbara Zeleny Thomas Zengger Zeyneb Badur Fabien Barthelemey Oliver Cassik Alejandro Corena Alexander Daxb?ck Mario Dign?ss Helmut Fr?tscher Annegret Haider Christian Halm Gregor Kassl Gernot K?fer Alexander Laber Anita Lischka Rangel Malinov Oliver Martinz Philipp Munz Barbara Roller Nicole Rumpler Wolfgang Ruthensteiner Stefan Salchinger Stefan Schadenb?ck Thomas Schwed Hannes Schwed Eckart Schwerdtfeger Sylvia Spernbauer Christoph Treberspurg Johannes Weigl Paul Raftery European Central Bank/robertMetsch Markus Pillhofer

项目大事记/CHRONOLOGY竞赛/Competition:第一阶段/Phase 1:2003;第二阶段/Phase 2:2003-2004;修改阶段/Revision Phase:2004;优化阶段/Optimization Phase:2005规划设计起始时间/Start of Planning:2005前期工程/Preliminary Site Works:2008主体施工/Main Construction Works:2010竣工/Completion:2014项目参数/PROJECT DATA用地面积/Site Area:120 000m2建筑毛面积/Gross Floor Area:185 000m2

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