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Decoupled drought responses of fine-root versus leaf acquisitive traits among six Prunus hybrids

Journal of Plant Ecology 2020年第3期13卷 304-312页

作者： Shuang-Xi Zhou rob r.walker Everard Edwards CSIrO Agriculture and Food Glen OsmondSA 5064Australia The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food research Ltd Hawke’s BayNew Zealand

Aims Predicting drought consequences on forests and fruit crop plantings requires improved understanding of drought responses of both leaf and fine-root resource acquisitive traits(specific leaf area—SLA,specific root surface area—SrA and specific root length—SrL).We hypothesize their responses are coordinated towards integrated plant resource conservation under severe *** We tested the hypothesis with a greenhouse-based drought experiment on saplings of six Prunus hybrids with a priori known contrasting drought *** were subjected to either control(100%field capacity)or severe drought stress treatment(33%evapotranspiration of hybrid-specific control plants).Sample collections were carried out at 30 and at 60 days after the start of treatments,for both control and stressed *** Findings No hybrid showed concurrent significant decrease of SLA and SrA(or SrL)under severe *** fine-root traits of the six hybrids showed two major drought-response scenarios,in particular:(i)increased root tissue density(rTD)and decreased average root diameter without significant change of SrL and(ii)increased rTD and decreased SrL without significant change of average root *** responses of leaf gas exchange,SrA,SrL and rTD were closely correlated along a gradient towards resource conservation from control to drought-stressed plants in all hybrids,which was orthogonal to another gradient characterized by a hybrid-dependent decrease of *** findings highlight(i)the multi-dimensionality of root-trait drought responses,(ii)the decoupling between leaf economics and leaf hydraulics and(iii)the covariation of leaf and root hydraulics in terms of trait drought *** study contributes to identifying the origin of the multi-dimensionality of root-trait drought response at intraspecific scale,and highlights differential drought–response combinations of leaf and fine-root traits among hybrids to survive under severe soil drou

关键词： multi-dimensional drought response soil water stress specific leaf area specific root length specific root surface area

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Advances in caring for the older cancer patient：a report from the 2015 conference of the International Society of Geriatric Oncology

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2016年第1期13卷 150-155页

作者： rob Stepney Freelance Medical Writer Charlbury OX7 3HJ UK

A paradox in cancer research is that the majority of patients enrolled in clinical trials are relatively young and fit while typical patients in daily practice are elderly and have comorbidities and impaired organ function. Given these differences, many major studies provide an imperfect guide to optimizing the treatment of the majority of patients. Since cancer incidence is highly correlated with age, and since the world's population is rapidly ageing, this problem can only increase. For this reason, oncologists and geriatricians need to collaborate in developing tools to systematically assess the health status of elderly patients and their fitness to receive cancer therapies of various intensity. Tailoring anti-cancer treatments and supportive care to individual needs should be seen as part of the move towards personalized medicine. Achieving this goal is as much of a challenge to developing and middle-income countries as it is to western nations. The 2015 annual conference of the International Society of Geriatric Oncology(SIOG) held in Prague, Czech republic, November 2015 and had a global focus on advancing the science of geriatric oncology and supportive care. Central to this approach is the systematic assessment of life expectancy, independent functioning, and the physical and psychological health of older cancer patients. The assumption behind comprehensive geriatric assessment is that elderly cancer patients have complex needs. The implication is that effective intervention will require a multidisciplinary team. Examples of effective geriatric assessment, multidisciplinary working and supportive care were presented at the SIOG conference.

关键词： Geriatric oncology supportive care elderly geriatric assessment quality of life comorbidities

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Genomic Mutations Within the Host Microbiome: Adaptive Evolution or Purifying Selection

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Engineering 2023年第1期20卷 96-102页

作者： Jiachao Zhang rob Knight School of Food Science and Engineering Hainan UniversityHaikou 570228China Department of Pediatrics University of California San DiegoLa JollaCA 92093USA Center for Microbiome Innovation Jacobs School of EngineeringUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCA 92093USA Department of Bioengineering University of California San DiegoLa JollaCA 92093USA Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of California San DiegoLa JollaCA 92093USA

Next-generation sequencing technology has transformed our ability to assess the taxonomic composition functions of host-associated microbiota and microbiomes. More human microbiome research projects—particularly those that explore genomic mutations within the microbiome—will be launched in the next decade. This review focuses on the coevolution of microbes within a microbiome, which shapes strain-level diversity both within and between host species. We also explore the correlation between microbial genomic mutations and common metabolic diseases, and the adaptive evolution of pathogens and probiotics during invasion and colonization. Finally, we discuss advances in methods and algorithms for annotating and analyzing microbial genomic mutations.

关键词： Gut microbiota Genomic mutations Adaptive evolution Purifying selection Single-nucleoti de variants

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Poverty reduction through the development of inclusive food value chains

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2021年第4期20卷 964-978页

作者： rob VOS Andrea CATTANEO International Food Policy research Institute(IFPrI) WashingtonD.C.20007USA Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations(FAO) Rome 00153Italy

Propelled by urbanization,rising incomes,and changing diets,food markets have been expanding in Africa and South Asia,creating the vast potential for job and income opportunities along food supply chains and,hence,for poverty *** novel coronavirus(COVID-19)that spread to a pandemic in early 2020 provokes enormous setbacks to this ***,however,should provide lessons regarding the importance of resilient and inclusive food *** responses to COVID-19 should consider interventions towards that end and leverage the opportunities provided by food markets growth as economies recover from the present economic *** paper assesses options of how this could be done by facilitating the better functioning and interconnectedness of the many small and medium-sized enterprises that are proliferating along the"hidden middle"of food value chains in storage,logistics,transportation,and wholesale and retail *** also explores how policies can help smallholder farmers connect to this"hidden middle"in more gainful ways and help them climb out of poverty as well.

关键词： poverty food security and hunger food supply chains South Asia sub-Saharan Africa

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Ecological networks and greenways in Europe: reasoning and concepts

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2003年第2期15卷 173-181页

作者： rob H.G. Jongman Wageningen Ur Expertise Group on Environmental Sciences

The paper gives an overview of approaches towards ecological networks throughout Europe. It does not intend to present a complete picture, but to highlight common developments within countries and regions and show common principles and differences between countries and regions that have to be taken into account when developing a joint European initiative. Countries or regions that have not been included can be active in the same way, but information was not accessible to the authors for different reasons. This overview shows the comparable trends in decline of landscapes and the diversity in approaches to biodiversity conservation and nature conservation planning. Understanding the differences and common issues are of utmost importance to generalise common principles and to understand the way neighbours and other European partners approach problems.

关键词： ecological networks greenways biodiversity land use change homogenisation fragmentation

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Oxygen and Iron-and Steelmaking:Best Friends and Arch-Enemies

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Journal of Iron and Steel research International 2011年第S2期18卷 16-27页

作者： BOOM rob Materials innovation institute M2i Department of Materials Science and EngineeringDelft University of TechnologyDelftThe Netherlands

Ironmaking is the art of removal the arch-enemy oxygen from iron ore by means of carbon reduction and thus producing hot *** is the art of removing carbon from liquid hot metal by means of best friend pure oxygen,followed by alloying and deoxidation-where oxygen returns to be the ***-metallic particles in steel such as oxides can have a detrimental effect on the steel product properties in terms of formability,strength and surface *** overview of the battle for clean steel production is given based on the experience of the author in industry as well as university research.

关键词： ironmaking carbon-oxygen equilibrium steelmaking deoxidation tundish metallurgy casting clean steel

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Mechanical circulatory support in cardiogenic shock and post-myocardial infarction mechanical complications

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2022年第2期19卷 130-136页

作者： Daniel rob Jan Bělohlávek nd Department of Medicine-Department of Cardiovascular Medicine First Faculty of MedicineCharles University and General University HospitalPragueCzech Republic

Despite advanced therapies,the mortality of patients with myocardial infarction(MI)complicated by cardiogenic shock(CS)remains around 50%.Mechanical complications of MI are rare nowadays but associated with high mortality in patients who present with *** treatment strategies and mechanical circulatory support(MCS)devices have been increasingly used to improve the grim prognosis of refractory *** article discusses current evidence regarding the use of MCS in MI complicated by CS,ventricular septal rupture,free wall rupture and acute mitral *** selection should be tailored according to the cause and severity of *** MCS initiation and multidisciplinary team cooperation is mandatory for good *** associated bleeding remains a major complication and an obstacle to better *** prospective randomized trials will improve current knowledge regarding MCS indications,timing,and patient selection in the coming years.

关键词： mortality infarction rupture

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rNA interference with DNA polymerase and synthesis

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Science China Chemistry 2014年第7期57卷 954-960页

作者： ABDUr rob GAN JianHua HUANG Zhen Department of Chemistry Georgia State University

rNA can catalyze and participate in many chemical and biochemical reactions. Non-coding rNAs （ncrNA） can regulate cellular transcription and translation reactions. We have demonstrated biochemically that rNA can also interfere with DNA polymerization via transforming DNA polymerase into deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate diphosphatase （dNTP-DPase）. rNA, even with six nucleotides, can transform DNA polymerase into dNTP-DPase, and the dNTP-DPase activity causes the hydrolysis of dNTPs into dNMPs and pyrophosphate. Moreover, we have found that DNA polymerases from several families generally have similar rNA-dependent dNTP-DPase activity. We have also observed that in the presence of rNA, when the dNTP concentrations are relatively low, and that the dNTP-DPase activity can deplete dNTPs and interfere with DNA polymerization Thus, we have discovered for the first time that in the presence of rNA, DNA polymerase can behave as a diphosphatase and inhibit DNA synthesis when dNTP quantity is low. These in vitro observations might imply a plausible role of rNA in vivo, such as suppressing DNA synthesis during a resting phase （Go） of the cell cycle, when rNA quantity is high and dNTP quantity is low.

关键词： rNA interference alternative activity of DNA polymerase non-coding rNA deoxyribonucleoside triphosphatediphosphatase DNA polymerization and synthesis

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On ethics,the pursuit of knowledge,truth and status in the hallowed halls of academe

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Integrative Zoology 2013年第3期8卷 223-231页

作者： John S.BUCKErIDGE rob WATTS Earth&Oceanic Systems Group RMIT UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia

Advancement in academe is largely on the basis of research output;that is,refereed journal *** paper first explores pressures on academics,especially emerging researchers,when English is not a first *** assess why,when faculty members rush to improve their station that they may elect to circumvent ethical protocols to accelerate their promotion and *** resulting unethical behavior includes plagiarism and forms of duplication such as *** is then given to the wider implications of both plagiarism and the theft of intellectual property,and the role these have played in the development of individuals,the university and society.

关键词： ethics plagiarism promotion publication social evolution

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Fundamentals about onset and progressive disease character of type 2 diabetes mellitus

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World Journal of Diabetes 2020年第5期11卷 165-181页

作者： rob NM Weijers Teaching Hospital Onze Lieve Vrouwe GasthuisAmsterdam 1090Netherlands

researchGate is a world wide web for scientists and researchers to share papers,ask and answer questions,and find *** one of the more than 15 million members,the author uploads research output and reads and responds to some of the questions raised,which are related to type 2 *** that way,he noticed a serious gap of knowledge of this disease among medical professionals over recent *** main aim of the current study is to remedy this situation through providing a comprehensive review on recent developments in biochemistry and molecular biology,which can be helpful for the scientific understanding of the molecular nature of type 2 *** fill up the shortcomings in the curricula of medical education,and to familiarize the medical community with a new concept of the onset of type 2 diabetes,items are discussed like:Insulin resistance,glucose effectiveness,insulin sensitivity,cell membranes,membrane flexibility,unsaturation index(UI;number of carboncarbon double bonds per 100 acyl chains of membrane phospholipids),slowdown principle,effects of temperature acclimation on phospholipid membrane composition,free fatty acids,energy transport,onset of type 2 diabetes,metformin,and *** on the reviewed data,a new model is presented with proposed steps in the development of type 2 diabetes,a disease arising as a result of a hypothetical hereditary anomaly,which causes hyperthermia in and around the *** is counterbalanced by the slow-down principle,which lowers the amount of carbon-carbon double bonds of membrane phospholipid acyl *** accompanying reduction in the UI lowers membrane flexibility,promotes a redistribution of the lateral pressure in cell membranes,and thereby reduces the glucose transporter protein pore diameter of the transmembrane glucose transport channel of all Class I GLUT *** events will set up a reduction in transmembrane glucose ***,a new blood glucose regulation syst

关键词： ATP Free fatty acid Glucose transporter Membrane flexibility Metformin Slow-down principle Type 2 diabetes Unsaturation index

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