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Federated Learning Security and Privacy-Preserving Algorithm and Experiments Research Under Internet of Things Critical Infrastructure

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2024年第2期29卷 400-414页

作者： Nasir ahmad Jalali Hongsong Chen Department of Computer Science University of Science and Technology Beijing(USTB)Beijing 100083China

The widespread use of the Internet of Things(IoTs)and the rapid development of artificial intelligence technologies have enabled applications to cross commercial and industrial band *** such systems,all participants related to commercial and industrial systems must communicate and generate ***,due to the small storage capacities of IoT devices,they are required to store and transfer the generated data to third-party entity called“cloud”,which creates one single point to store their ***,as the number of participants increases,the size of generated data also ***,such a centralized mechanism for data collection and exchange between participants is likely to face numerous challenges in terms of security,privacy,and *** address these challenges,Federated Learning(FL)has been proposed as a reasonable decentralizing approach,in which clients no longer need to transfer and store real data in the central ***,they only share updated training models that are trained over their private *** the same time,FL enables clients in distributed systems to share their machine learning models collaboratively without their training data,thus reducing data privacy and security ***,slow model training and the execution of additional unnecessary communication rounds may hinder FL applications from operating properly in a distributed ***,these unnecessary communication rounds make the system vulnerable to security and privacy issues,because irrelevant model updates are sent between clients and ***,in this work,we propose an algorithm for fully homomorphic encryption called Cheon-Kim-Kim-Song(CKKS)to encrypt model parameters for their local information privacy-preserving *** proposed solution uses the impetus term to speed up model convergence during the model training ***,it establishes a secure communication channel between IoT devices and the *** a

关键词： Federated Learning(FL) Internet of Things(IoTs) lightweight Transport Layer Security(iTLS) Cheon-Kim-Kim-Song(CKKS)

Optimizing calcination of coal by-products for maximizing REE leaching recovery and minimizing Al,Ca,and Fe contamination

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第7期42卷 1354-1365,I0006页

作者： Tushar Gupta ahmad Nawab Rick Honaker MP Materials Mountain Pass Mine 67750 Bailey RoadMountain PassCA92366USA Department of Mining Engineering University of KentuckyLexingtonKY40506USA

High-temperature calcination is effective in improving the leaching characteristics of rare earth elements(REEs)from conventional REE-bearing minerals by transforming them into more leachable ***,the recovery of contaminants such as Al,Fe,and Ca also increases *** objective of the study was to maximize the REE extraction while minimizing the concentration of contaminant ions(Al,Ca,and Fe)in the leach *** density fractions of the coarse refuse from the Baker and Fire Clay seam coal refuse were pulverized to a top size of 180μm and used as a feedstock for the *** the samples generated from thermal treatment were leached at 1%(w/v)using 1.2 mol/L sulfuric acid at 75℃ for 2 *** results from a parametric program based on a Box-Behnken design were used for modeling and optimization of three operating parameters associated with the lab-scale calcination *** parameters included temperature(400-800℃),ramp rate(2-10℃/min)and holding time(0-120 min).It was determined that the calcination temperature was the most significant parameter influencing REE *** majority of the heavy rare earth elements(HREEs)were found to be present in an insoluble form in the calcination products and were marginally affected by thermal treatment.A strong correlation between light rare earth elements recovery(LREEs)and Al suggested a possible association with *** optimum operating conditions for high REE recovery with comparatively lower contaminant concentration for 1.6 specific gravity float and 2.2 sink fractions of Baker and Fire Clay seam material were determined to be at 776,800℃ and 407,800℃,calcining temperatures,respectively.A higher optimum temperature of 1.6 float fraction of Baker seam relative to Fire Clay seam material was due to elevated pyrite concentration in Baker seam *** treatment at 400℃ converted pyrite into a soluble intermedium iron oxide,resulting in a high Fe content in the ***

关键词： Calcination Optimization Rare earth elements Coal refuse

Applying the Protective Mn-Co-La_(2)O_(3)Coating on Crofer 22 APU Ferritic Stainless Steel Used as Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Interconnects

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2024年第5期37卷 872-888页

作者： Farhad Mohsenifar Hadi Ebrahimifar ahmad Irannejad Department of Materials Engineering and Metallurgy Faculty of EngineeringShahid Bahonar University of KermanKermanIran Mechanical Engineering Department Faculty of EngineeringHigher Education Complex of Bam76615-314BamIran Department of Materials Engineering Faculty of Mechanical and Materials EngineeringGraduate University of Advanced TechnologyKerman ***Iran

This research studies the effect of Mn-Co-La_(2)O_(3) coating synthesized by the electrodeposition method on the oxidation resistance and electrical conductivity of the Crofer 22 APU stainless steel interconnect plates in solid oxide fuel *** test samples were characterized by a field emission scanning electron microscope(FESEM)equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS),X-ray diffraction(XRD),and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).The oxidation kinetics of the coated and uncoated samples were studied by tracking their weight changes over time at 800°C,showing that the oxidation mechanism for all samples follows the parabolic *** oxidation rate constant(k_(p))values of the coated sample compared with that of the uncoated one indicated a reduction in the oxidation rate of the steel substrate in the presence of the Mn-Co-La_(2)O_(3) *** examination of the cross-section of different samples after the isothermal oxidation for 500 h at 800°C exhibited that applying the composite coating leads to a decrease in the thickness of the chromia layer formed on the steel ***,under these conditions,the area-specific resistance(ASR)of the coated sample(13.11 mΩcm^(2))is significantly lower than that of the uncoated one(41.45 mΩcm^(2)).

关键词： Area specific resistance Oxidation Fuel cell Composite coating

Unlocking the Potential:A Comprehensive Systematic Review of ChatGPT in Natural Language Processing Tasks

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第10期141卷 43-85页

作者： Ebtesam ahmad Alomari Faculty of Computing and Information Albaha UniversityAlbaha65731Saudi Arabia

As Natural Language Processing(NLP)continues to advance,driven by the emergence of sophisticated large language models such as ChatGPT,there has been a notable growth in research *** rapid uptake reflects increasing interest in the field and induces critical inquiries into ChatGPT’s applicability in the NLP *** review paper systematically investigates the role of ChatGPT in diverse NLP tasks,including information extraction,Name Entity Recognition(NER),event extraction,relation extraction,Part of Speech(PoS)tagging,text classification,sentiment analysis,emotion recognition and text *** novelty of this work lies in its comprehensive analysis of the existing literature,addressing a critical gap in understanding ChatGPT’s adaptability,limitations,and optimal *** this paper,we employed a systematic stepwise approach following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)framework to direct our search process and seek relevant *** review reveals ChatGPT’s significant potential in enhancing various NLP *** adaptability in information extraction tasks,sentiment analysis,and text classification showcases its ability to comprehend diverse contexts and extract meaningful ***,ChatGPT’s flexibility in annotation tasks reducesmanual efforts and accelerates the annotation process,making it a valuable asset in NLP development and ***,GPT-4 and prompt engineering emerge as a complementary mechanism,empowering users to guide the model and enhance overall *** its promising potential,challenges *** performance of ChatGP Tneeds tobe testedusingmore extensivedatasets anddiversedata ***,its limitations in handling domain-specific language and the need for fine-tuning in specific applications highlight the importance of further investigations to address these issues.

关键词： Generative AI large languagemodel(LLM) natural language processing(NLP) ChatGPT GPT(generative pretraining transformer) GPT-4 sentiment analysis NER information extraction annotation text classification

Green trading and ecological sustainability under macroeconomic policy framework

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Geoscience Frontiers 2024年第3期15卷 50-66页

作者： Yue Hu Binhui Li Munir ahmad College of Science&Technology Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315300ZhejiangChina Donghai Academy Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315211ZhejiangChina Research Center for County Industry Digitization College of Science&TechnologyNingbo UniversityNingbo 315300ZhejiangChina College of International Economics&Trade Ningbo University of Finance and EconomicsNingbo 315175ZhejiangChina “Belt and Road”Bulk Commodity Research Center Ningbo University of Finance and EconomicsNingbo 315175ZhejiangChina

When confronted with ecological challenges,trading ecologically friendly products involving renewable technologies,green management practices,and effluent treatment methods could alleviate ecological degradation on a global scale while considering the macroeconomic policy ***,this study determines the effectiveness of fiscal and monetary policy instruments in moderating the relationship between green trade openness(i.e.,trade in environmentally related products)and ecological *** panel quantile regression on data from 20 OECD members from 2003 to 2016,we found that green trade openness supports ecological sustainability through a gains-from-trade *** moderation effects,expenditure-driven fiscal expansion reinforces the favorable influence of green trade openness on ecological sustainability across ecologically less/moderately efficient economies,while it does the reverse for ecologically more efficient ***-driven fiscal contraction promotes ecological sustainability amelioration impact of green trade openness for economies with belowaverage ecological quality and remains neutral for those with average/above-average ecological ***,interest rate-driven monetary contraction proliferates the ecological sustainability enhancement effect of green *** suggest that the fiscal and monetary policies demand unambiguous coordination with the OECD’s trade policy structure for optimal environmental outcomes of trading in environmental *** insights would help OECD’s green trade policies gain momentum to facilitate the attainment of the Climate Action agenda of the United Nations’Sustainable Development Goals.

关键词： Fiscal policy Monetary policy Green trade openness Ecological sustainability OECD

Influence of Brownian Motion, Thermophoresis and Magnetic Effects on a Fluid Containing Nanoparticles Flowing over a Stretchable Cylinder

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2024年第3期20卷 525-536页

作者： Aaqib Majeed ahmad Zeeshan Department of Mathematics The University of FaisalabadFaisalabad38000Pakistan Department of Mathematics and Statistics FBASInternational Islamic University IslamabadIslamabad44000Pakistan

The influence of Brownian motion and thermophoresis on a fluid containing nanoparticles flowing over a stretchable cylinder is *** classical Navier-Stokes equations are considered in a porous *** addition,the Lorentz force is taken into *** controlling coupled nonlinear partial differential equations are transformed into a system of first order ordinary differential equations by means of a similarity *** resulting system of equations is solved by employing a shooting approach properly implemented in *** evolution of the boundary layer and the growing velocity is shown graphically together with the related profiles of concentration and *** magnetic field has a different influence(in terms of trends)on velocity and concentration.

关键词： Mixed convection Brownian motion heat transfer porous surface velocity slip

Improving the Segmentation of Arabic Handwriting Using Ligature Detection Technique

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第5期79卷 2015-2034页

作者： Husam ahmad Al Hamad Mohammad Shehab College of Computer Sciences and Informatics Amman Arab UniversityAmman11953Jordan

Recognizing handwritten characters remains a critical and formidable challenge within the realm of computervision. Although considerable strides have been made in enhancing English handwritten character recognitionthrough various techniques, deciphering Arabic handwritten characters is particularly intricate. This complexityarises from the diverse array of writing styles among individuals, coupled with the various shapes that a singlecharacter can take when positioned differently within document images, rendering the task more perplexing. Inthis study, a novel segmentation method for Arabic handwritten scripts is suggested. This work aims to locatethe local minima of the vertical and diagonal word image densities to precisely identify the segmentation pointsbetween the cursive letters. The proposed method starts with pre-processing the word image without affectingits main features, then calculates the directions pixel density of the word image by scanning it vertically and fromangles 30° to 90° to count the pixel density fromall directions and address the problem of overlapping letters, whichis a commonly attitude in writing Arabic texts by many people. Local minima and thresholds are also determinedto identify the ideal segmentation area. The proposed technique is tested on samples obtained fromtwo datasets: Aself-curated image dataset and the IFN/ENIT dataset. The results demonstrate that the proposed method achievesa significant improvement in the proportions of cursive segmentation of 92.96% on our dataset, as well as 89.37%on the IFN/ENIT dataset.

关键词： Arabic handwritten segmentation image processing ligature detection technique intelligent recognition

Nrf2 as a potential target for the treatment of epilepsy

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第9期19卷 1865-1866页

作者： Prince Kumar Singh Tawfeeq Shekh-ahmad Institute for Drug Research School of PharmacyFaculty of MedicineThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael

Epilepsy is a prevalent chronic brain disorder that is characterized by a persistent predisposition to recurrently generate epileptic seizures and is often associated with cognitive and psychological *** affects approximately 65 million individuals,including both males and females of all ages worldwide,and poses a significant burden on patients,their families,and the health system(Vezzani et al.,2019).

关键词： epilepsy Nrf2

Multi-functional metasurface:ultra-wideband/multi-band absorption switching by adjusting guided-mode resonance and local surface plasmon resonance effects

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第6期76卷 174-184页

作者： Wenxin Li Shubo Cheng Huafeng Zhang Zao Yi Bin Tang Can Ma Pinghui Wu Qingdong Zeng rizwan Raza School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Yangtze UniversityJingzhouHubei 434023China Joint Laboratory for Extreme Conditions Matter Properties Southwest University of Science and TechnologyMianyang 621010China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Jishou UniversityJishou 416000China School of Microelectronics and Control Engineering Changzhou UniversityChangzhou 213164China Department of Oncology Sichuan Science City HospitalMianyangSichuan Province 621000China Office of Science and Technology Quanzhou Normal UniversityQuanzhou 362000China School of Physics and Electronic-information Engineering Hubei Engineering UniversityXiaogan 432000China Department of Physics COMSATS Institute of Information Technology 54000 LahorePakistan

This study introduces an innovative dual-tunable absorption film with the capability to switch between ultra-wideband and narrowband *** manipulating the temperature,the film can achieve multi-band absorption within the 30-45 THz range or ultra-wideband absorption spanning 30-130 THz,with an absorption rate exceeding ***,the structural parameters of the absorption film are optimized using the particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithm to ensure the optimal absorption *** absorption response of the film is primarily attributed to the coupling of guided-mode resonance and local surface plasmon resonance *** film's symmetric structure enables polarization incoherence and allows for tuning through various means such as doping/voltage,temperature and structural *** the case of a multi-band absorption response,the film exhibits good sensitivity to refractive index changes in multiple absorption ***,the absorption spectrum of the film remains effective even at large incidence angles,making it highly promising for applications in fields such as biosensing and infrared stealth.

关键词： PSO optimization ultra-wideband/narrowband absorption switching intelligent absorption film vanadium dioxide