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Evaluation of Rainfall Tendency for the Twentieth Century over Indira Sagar Region in Central India

American Journal of Climate Change 2024年第1期13卷 47-68页

作者： rituraj shukla Deepak Khare Ramesh P. Rudra Priti Tiwari Himanshu Sharma Prasad Daggupati Pradeep Goel School of Engineering University of Guelph Guelph Canada Department of Water Resources Development and Management Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee India Indira Gandhi Agricultural University Raipur India Department of Civil Engineering Institute of Infrastructure Technology Research and Management (IITRAM) Ahmedabad India

The study investigates long-term changes in annual and seasonal rainfall patterns in the Indira Sagar Region of Madhya Pradesh, India, from 1901 to 2010. Agriculture sustainability, food supply, natural resource development, and hydropower system reliability in the region rely heavily on monsoon rainfall. Monthly rainfall data from three stations (East Nimar, Barwani, and West Nimar) were analyzed. Initially, the pre-whitening method was applied to eliminate serial correlation effects from the rainfall data series. Subsequently, statistical trends in annual and seasonal rainfall were assessed using both parametric (student-t test) and non-parametric tests [Mann-Kendall, Sen’s slope estimator, and Cumulative Sum (CUSUM)]. The magnitude of the rainfall trend was determined using Theil-Sen’s slope estimator. Spatial analysis of the Mann-Kendall test on an annual basis revealed a statistically insignificant decreasing trend for Barwani and East Nimar and an increasing trend for West Nimar. On a seasonal basis, the monsoon season contributes a significant percentage (88.33%) to the total annual rainfall. The CUSUM test results indicated a shift change detection in annual rainfall data for Barwani in 1997, while shifts were observed in West and East Nimar stations in 1929. These findings offer valuable insights into regional rainfall behavior, aiding in the planning and management of water resources and ecological systems.

关键词： Precipitation Parametric Non-Parametric Tests Trend Analysis Serial Correlations

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Evaluation of Rainfall Tendency for the Twentieth Century over Indira Sagar Region in Central India

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American Journal of Climate Change（美国气候变化期刊） 2024年第1期 47页

作者： rituraj shukla Deepak Khare Ramesh P.Rudra Priti Tiwari Himanshu Sharma Prasad Daggupati Pradeep Goel

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Effect of Temperature on Frost-Free Days and Length of Crop Growing Season across Southern Ontario

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American Journal of Climate Change 2023年第4期12卷 700-718页

作者： Ramesh Pall Rudra rituraj shukla Trevor Dickinson Pradeep Kumar Goel Jaskaran Dhiman School of Engineering University of Guelph Guelph Canada The Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences McGill University Montreal Canada

Climate change has an impact on various climatic variables. In this study our focus is mainly on temperature characteristics of climate parameter. In temperate and humid regions like southern Ontario, the effect of climate change on Frost-free days in winter is distinctive. The average annual temperature is going upward but the extreme increase is in the winter temperature. Winter average temperature is going up by about 2˚C. However, extreme daily minimum temperature is going up by more than 3˚C. This climate effect has a great impact on the nature of precipitation and length of frost-free days. The snowfall over winter months is decreasing and the rainfall is increasing. However, the number of frost-free days during late fall months, early winter months, late winter months and early spring months are increasing. This result reveals an increase in length of the growing season. This research focuses on the effect of change in climatic variables on Frost-free days in Southern Ontario. Therefore, special attention should be given to the effect of change in climate Frost-free conditions on length of crop growing in winter season for potential investigation.

关键词： Climate Change Minimum Temperature Frost-Free Days Snowfall Crop Growing Season Southern Ontario

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Development of GIS Interface Tool for GAMES Model and Its Application to an Agricultural Watershed in Southern Ontario

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Open Journal of Civil Engineering 2018年第3期8卷 312-325页

作者： Kishor Panjabi Nabil Allataifeh Chen Dai Ramesh Rudra Pradeep Goel Narayan Shrestha rituraj shukla School of Engineering University of Guelph Guelph Canada Ewaters Environmental Science and Technology (Shanghai) Co. Ltd. Shanghai China Environmental Monitoring and Reporting Branch Ontario Ministry of the Environment Toronto Canada

Soil erosion is an important economic and environmental concern throughout the world. In order to assess soil erosion risk and conserve soil and water resources, soil erosion modeling at the watershed scale is imperative. The Guelph model for evaluating effects of Agricultural Management System on Erosion and Sedimentation (GAMES) is tailor-made for such applications;it, however, requires a significant amount of spatial information which needs to be pre-processed using a Geographic Information System (GIS). The GAMES model currently lacks any such automated tools. As such, the GAMES was loosely coupled to a GIS interface to manage the large spatial input data and to produce efficient cartographic representations of model output results. The developed interface tool was tested to simulate the Kettle Creek paired watershed in Southern Ontario, Canada. Result demonstrated that the GIS-assisted procedure increased the ability of the GAMES model in simulating such a spatially varied watershed and made the process more efficient and user-friendly. Furthermore, the quality of reporting and displaying resultant spatial output was also significantly improved. The developed GAMES interface could be applied to any watershed, and the enhancement could be used to assess soil erosion risk and conserve soil and water resources in an effective way.

关键词： GAMES GIS-Interface Kettle Creek Paired Watershed Hydrological Modeling Erosion and Sediment Yield

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Development and Field Evaluation of a Low-Cost Wireless Sensor Network System for Hydrological Monitoring of a Small Agricultural Watershed

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Open Journal of Civil Engineering 2018年第2期8卷 166-182页

作者： Kishor Panjabi Ramesh Rudra Stefano Gregori Pradeep Goel Prasad Daggupati rituraj shukla Balew Mekonnen School of Engineering University of Guelph Guelph Canada Environmental Monitoring and Reporting Branch Ontario Ministry of the Environment Etobicoke Canada

Hydrological monitoring and real-time access to data are valuable for hydrological research and water resources management. In the recent decades, rapid developments in digital technology, micro-electromechanical systems, low power micro-sensing technologies and improved industrial manufacturing processes have resulted in retrieving real-time data through Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) systems. In this study, a remotely operated low-cost and robust WSN system was developed to monitor and collect real-time hydrologic data from a small agricultural watershed in harsh weather conditions and upland rolling topography of Southern Ontario, Canada. The WSN system was assembled using off-the-shelf hardware components, and an open source operating system was used to minimize the cost. The developed system was rigorously tested in the laboratory and the field and found to be accurate and reliable for monitoring climatic and hydrologic parameters. The soil moisture and runoff data for 7 springs, 19 summer, and 19 fall season rainfall events over the period of more than two years were successfully collected in a small experimental agricultural watershed situated near Elora, Ontario, Canada. The developed WSN system can be readily extended for the purpose of most hydrological monitoring applications, although it was explicitly tailored for a project focused on mapping the Variable Source Areas (VSAs) in a small agricultural watershed.

关键词： Wireless Sensor Network Low-Cost Hydrological Monitoring Real-Time Data Collection Agricultural Watershed

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Synthesis,characterization and evaluation of polyacrylamide graft starch/clay nanocomposite hydrogel system for enhanced oil recovery

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Petroleum Science 2017年第4期14卷 765-779页

作者： rituraj Singh Vikas Mahto Department of Petroleum Engineering Indian Institute ofTechnology(Indian School of Mines)Dhanbad 826004India

In this paper the suitability of a graft polymer nanocomposite hydrogel system for enhanced oil recovery was examined using polyacrylamide graft starch/clay nanocomposite(a laboratory synthesized product) and chromium(III) acetate(crosslinker). X-ray diffraction analysis,Fourier transform infrared spectrometry analysis, field-emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were carried out to reveal the laboratory synthesized product as a nanocomposite. The effects of various parameters like salt concentration, p H, temperature, polymer concentration and crosslinker concentration on the properties of the developed gel system were systematically *** thermal stability of the nanocomposite gel and the conventional gel system were also determined by thermogravimetric analysis. The graft polymer nanocomposite gel system exhibited acceptable gel strength, gelation time and gel stability compared with the conventional gel system. The nanocomposite gels prepared using a low crosslinker concentration showed higher gel strength and required longer gelation time than the conventional gel which is more desirable properties for the effective placement of gel during enhanced oil recovery operations. In addition, sand pack flooding experiments show that the graft polymer nanocomposite gels had better plugging capacity than the conventional gel systems under reservoir conditions. Hence, this gel system may be suitable in the water shutoff treatments required for enhanced oil recovery from oilfields.

关键词： Nanocomposite Graft polymer Nanoclay Hydrogel Water shutoff

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Rigid body dynamics modeling, experimental characterization, and performance analysis of a howitzer

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2016年第6期12卷 480-489页

作者： Nachiketa TIWARI Mukund PATIL Ravi SHANKAR Abhishek SARASWAT rituraj DWIVEDI Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Ordnance Factory Kanpur India

A large caliber howitzer is a complex and cumbersome assembly. Understanding its dynamics and performance attributes' sensitivity to changes in its design parameters can be a very time-consuming and expensive exercise, as such an effort requires highly sophisticated test rigs and platforms. However, the need of such an understanding is crucially important for system designers, users, and evaluators. Some of the key performance attributes of such a system are its vertical jump, forward motion, recoil displacement, and force transmitted to ground through tires and trail after the gun has been fired. In this work, we have developed a rigid body dynamics model for a representative howitzer system, and used relatively simple experimental procedures to estimate its principal design parameters. Such procedures can help in obviating the need of expensive experimental rigs, especially in early stages of the design cycle. These parameters were subsequently incorporated into our simulation model,which was then used to predict gun performance. Finally, we conducted several sensitivity studies to understand the influence of changes in various design parameters on system performance. Their results provide useful insights in our understanding of the functioning of the overall system.

关键词： Howitzer gun CAD modeling Dynamic simulation Recoil assembly parameters Sensitivity analysis

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Computational and Structural Investigation of Deleterious Functional SNPs in Breast Cancer BRCA2 Gene

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生物工程学报 2008年第5期24卷 851-856页

作者： Rajasekaran R George Priya Doss Sudandiradoss C Ramanathan K rituraj Purohit Rao Sethumadhavan School of Biotechnology Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Bioinformatics Division Vellore Institute of Technology University Vellore 632014Tamil Nadu India.

In this work, we have analyzed the genetic variation that can alter the expression and the function in BRCA2 gene using computational methods. Out of the total 534 SNPs, 101 were found to be non synonymous (nsSNPs). Among the 7 SNPs in the untranslated region, 3 SNPs were found in 5′ and 4 SNPs were found in 3′ un-translated regions (UTR). Of the nsSNPs 20.7% were found to be damaging by both SIFT and PolyPhen server among the 101 nsSNPs investigated. UTR resource tool suggested that 2 SNPs in the 5′ UTR region and 4 SNPs in the 3′ UTR regions might change the protein expression levels. The mutation from asparagine to isoleucine at the position 3124 of the native protein of BRCA2 gene was most deleterious by both SIFT and PolyPhen servers. A structural analysis of this mutated protein and the native protein was made which had an RMSD value of 0.301 nm. Based on this work, we proposed that this most deleterious nsSNP with an SNPid rs28897759 is an important candidate for the cause of breast cancer by BRCA2 gene.

关键词：乳癌治疗方法临床分析基因

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Processing of 5083 Aluminum Alloy Reinforced with Alumina through Microwave Sintering

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Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 2012年第11期11卷 1126-1131页

作者： Jagesvar Verma Anil Kumar rituraj Chandrakar Rajesh Kumar Department in Mechatronics Engineering at CSIT Durg India Department of Mechanical Engineering at BIT Durg India Department of Mechanical Engineering at CSIT Durg India Department of Mechanical Engineering at SSIPMT Raipur India

Today, there is an increasing demand worldwide for the advanced materials in order to obtain the desired properties. This is because a single material generally cannot meet the requirement of harsh engineering environment that is why the need for composites arises. Metal matrix composite is an important class of materials with high potential for structural applications requiring high specific modulus, strength and toughness. Metal matrix composites with unique properties are growing every day and widely used in different industries because of their high mechanical properties and wear resistance.

关键词： Microstructure Powder Metallurgy Composite Materials

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Effect of Cold-Mediated Pretreatment on Microspore Culture in Winter and Spring Wheat

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2013年第11期4卷 2259-2264页

作者： rituraj Khound Meenakshi Santra P. Stephen Baenziger Dipak K. Santra Department of Agronomy and Horticulture University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln USA Panhandle Research and Extension Center University of Nebraska-Lincoln Scottsbluff USA Soil and Crop Sciences Colorado State University Fort Collins USA

Microspore culture of wheat generates completely homozygous (doubled haploid) plants in a single generation thereby reducing the time required for wheat variety development. Success of microspore culture in spring wheat is relatively higher than that in winter wheat. Cold mediated pretreatment was reported to improve response of microspore culture in wheat. The objective of the study was to determine and compare the influence of cold pretreatment on microspore culture in spring and winter wheat. Three spring (“Chris”, “Express”, and “Macon”) and three winter (“Anton”, “Antelope”, and “Camelot”) wheat cultivars were used. In cold pretreatment, excised anthers were incubated in solution B at 25°C-28°C for 4-5 days followed by cold treatment at 4°C for 5 days and were compared with the no-cold pretreatment at 25°C-28°C for 4-5 days. Isolated microspores were cultured in induction medium (MMS4) at 27°C-28°C for 25-30 days in the dark. Embryos (1-2 mm size) were transferred to regeneration medium (MMS5). Numbers of multicellular structures, transferable embryos and green plants were counted and data were used for analysis of variance using a generalized linear model. It was observed that cold pretreatment increased multicellular structures, transferable embryos and green plants in both spring and winter wheat. However, the degree of improvement was higher in spring wheat compared to winter wheat. The cultivars within spring and winter wheat responded differently. Development of embryos from pro-embryos was 4-5 folds lower in winter wheat than that in spring wheat, indicating requirement of a possibly different hormonal composition in induction medium for improving embryo induction in winter wheat. This report may provide future direction of research to improve microspore culture response in winter wheat.

关键词： Androgenesis Doubled Haploid Homozygosity Biotechnology Breeding

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