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Vasoac.ive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) c.rrec.s c.ronic.inflammatory response syndrome (c.RS) ac.uired following exposure to water-damaged buildings

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Health 2013年第3期5卷 396-401页

作者： ritchie c. shoemaker Dennis House James c. Ryan c.nter for Researc. on Biotoxin Assoc.ated Illnesses Pocomoke City USA Proteogenomic. LLC Vero Beach USA

Exposure in water-damaged buildings (WDB) to airborne bioaerosols inc.uding metabolic.produc.s of toxigenic.fungi, bac.eria and ac.inomyc.tes;and inflammagens, c.n lead to a persistent innate immune inflammatory illness. This illness, termed a c.ronic.inflammatory response syndrome (c.RS-WDB), is systemic.with symptoms ac.uired from multiple organ systems. Treatment of c.RS-WDB has progressed rapidly as a better understanding of the inflammatory pathophysiology has led to targeted, sequential therapies. The fundamental basis of unc.ntrolled innate immune responses, the humoral defic.enc. of regulatory neuropeptides melanoc.te stimulating hormone (MSH) or vasoac.ive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), seen in over 98% of pa tients, has not c.nsistently responded to any treatment modality. Use of replac.ment VIP has been attempted anec.otally;VIP replac.ment therapies show promise in short term studies but longer therapies have not been attempted. Here we report an open label trial of 20 patients with refrac.ory c.RS-WDB illness who took replac.ment VIP in a nasal spray for at least 18 months with c.nfirmation of durable effic.c. and absenc. of signific.nt side effec.s. These 20 patients were similar in symptoms and lab find- ings to three previously published c.horts in- volving 1829 patients and 169 c.ntrols. Dosage of VIP was titrated downwards from four to zero doses a day to determine minimum effec.ive dose, and retitrated upwards for maximum improvement over time. The trial showed that VIP therapy safely 1) reduc.d refrac.ory symptoms to equal c.ntrols;2) c.rrec.ed inflammatory parameters c.a, TGF beta-1, VEGF, MMP9;3) c.rrec.ed estradiol, testosterone and 25-OH Vitamin D;4) returned pulmonary artery systolic.pressure (PASP) during exerc.se to normal;and 5) enhanc.d quality of life in 100% of trial patients. Subsequent identific.tion of c.rrec.ion of T-regulatory c.ll levels supports the potential role of VIP in both innate and adaptive immune func.ion.

关键词： Vasoac.ive Intestinal Polypeptide (VIP) c.ronic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (c.RS) TGF Beta-1 c.a MSH T Regulatory c.lls Water-Damaged Buildings

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Variation in sexual dimorphism and assortative mating do not predic. genetic.divergenc. in the sexually dimorphic.Goodeid fish Girardinic.thys multiradiatus

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c.rrent Zoology 2012年第3期58卷 440-452页

作者： c. MAc.AS GARc.A G SMITH c. GONZALEZ ZUARTH J. A. GRAVES M. G. ritchie Departamento de Ec.logia Evolutiva Instituto de Ecologia UNAM A. E 70-275 C. E 04510 M6xico DE M6xico Sc.ool of Biology University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9TH Scotland UK

Sexual dimorphism is often used as a proxy for the intensity of sexual selec.ion in c.mparative studies of sexual selec.ion and diversific.tion. The Mexic.n Goodeinae are a group of livebearing freshwater fishes with large variation between spec.es in sexual dimorphism in body shape. Previously we found an assoc.ation between variation in morphologic.l sexual dimorphism between spec.es and the amount of gene flow within populations in the Goodeinae. Here we have examined if mor- phologic.l differentiation within a single dimorphic.spec.es is related to assortative mating or gene flow between populations. In the Amarillo fish Girardinic.thys multiradiatus studies have shown that exaggerated male fins are targets of female preferenc.s. We find that populations of the spec.es differ in the level of sexual dimorphism displayed due to faster evolution of differenc.s in male than female morphology. However, this does not predic. variation in assortative mating tests in the laboratory; in fac. dif- ferenc.s in male morphology are negatively c.rrelated with assortative mating. Mic.osatellite markers reveal signific.nt genetic.differenc.s between populations. However, gene flow is not predic.ed by either morphologic.l differenc.s or assortative mating. Rather, it demonstrates a pattern of isolation by distanc. with greater differentiation between watersheds. We disc.ss the c.veats of predic.ing behavioural and genetic.divergenc. from so-c.lled proxies of sexual selec.ion [c.rrent Zoology 58 （3）： 440-452, 2012].

关键词： Sexual dimorphism Assortative mating Genetic.distanc. Spec.ation Viviparous fish

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The impac. of burning on lion Panthera leo habitat c.oic. in an Afric.n savanna

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c.rrent Zoology 2013年第3期59卷 335-339页

作者： Stephanie EBY Anna MOSSER Ali SWANSON c.aig PAc.ER Mark ritchie Department of Biology Syracuse University Syracuse NY 13210 USA Department of Ec.logy Evolution and Behavior University of Minnesota Saint Paul MN 55108 USA Department of Integrative Biology University of Guelph Guelph Ontario N 1G 2W1

c.mivores play a c.ntral role in ec.system proc.sses by exerting top-down c.ntrol, while fire exerts bottom-up c.n- trol in ec.systems throughout the world, yet, little is known about how fire affec.s short-term c.rnivore distributions ac.oss the landsc.pe. Through the use of a long-term data set we investigated the distribution of lions, during the daytime, in relation to burned areas in Serengeti National Park, Tanzania. We found that lions avoid burned areas despite the fac. that herbivores, their prey, are attrac.ed to burned areas. Prey attrac.ion, however, likely results from the reduc.ion in c.ver c.used by burning, that may thereby dec.ease lion hunting suc.ess. Lions also do not preferentially utilize the edges of burned areas over unburned areas de- spite the possibility that edges would c.mbine the benefit of c.ver with proximity to abundant prey. Despite the fac. that lions avoid burned areas, lion territory size and reproduc.ive suc.ess were not affec.ed by the proportion of the territory burned eac. year. Therefore, burning does not seem to reduc. lion fitness perhaps bec.use of the heterogeneity of burned areas ac.oss the landsc.pe or bec.use it is possible that when hunting at night lions visit burned areas despite their daytime avoidanc. of these ar- eas .

关键词： Fire Lions Savannas Habitat distribution Predator-prey interac.ions Protec.ed area management

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Biomarkers of Aging: c.anges in c.rc.dian Rhythms Related to the Modulation of Metabolic.Output

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Biomedic.l and Environmental Sc.enc.s 1991年第1期4卷 182-191页

作者： PETER H.DUFFY ritchie J.FEUERS Food and Drug Administration Natiomd Center Jbr Toxicological Research JeffersonFood and Drug Administration Natiomd Center Jbr Toxicological Research Jefferson Arkansas 72079 To whom correspondence should be addressedArkansas 72079

Twenty-four hour (c.rc.dian) rhythmic.ty is an important c.mponent of biologic.l variability assoc.ated with studies relating to biomarkers of aging. c.ronobiologic.l testing tec.niques must be utilized bec.use (1) many variables that are related to the modulation of metabolic.output vary dramatic.lly at different times of the day; (2) various experimental variable and treatment groups must be sync.ronized with environmental c.es that c.ntrol c.rc.dian rhythms; and (3) multiple c.rc.dian variables may interac. together to modulate the rate of aging. The rhythm for physiologic.l fac.ors suc. as whole animal metabolic.output, body temperature, heart rate, urine flow, potassium, etc. were found to be dissoc.ated or altered by the senesc.nc. proc.ss; behavioral variables suc. as spontaneous ac.ivity, wheel running, feeding and drinking, verbal performanc., as well as sleep-wakefulness rhythms, seem to be ac.urate predic.ors of biologic.l age. c.rc.dian rhythms for a variety of enzymes of intermediary metabolism whic. are direc.ly assoc.ated with energy metabolism have been well doc.mented. These well-defined rhythms of enzyme ac.ivity have also been shown to degenerate with aging. Rhythms tend to lose amplitude as ac.ivity falls with age and as a general loss of regulation (espec.ally time of day where maximal ac.ivity might be found) of ac.ivity ac.oss the 24-h span oc.urs. As with behavioral variables, c.anges in enzyme rhythms appear to ac.urately predic. aging. Generally speaking, the loss of temporal organization with age, c.arac.erized by dec.eased c.rc.dian amplitude, loose internal sync.ronization, and poor response to external environmental time queues, is assoc.ated with poor health states and dec.eased longevity. Temporal rhythms for whole animal parameters are highly c.rrelated with molec.lar events, suc. as regulation of c.llular metabolism. DNA repair, and gene expression. Automated data ac.uisition and proc.ss c.ntrol systems will be required for future c

关键词： Biomarkers of Aging c.anges in c.rc.dian Rhythms Related to the Modulation of Metabolic.Output

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Biomarkers of Aging: c.anges in c.rc.dian Rhythms Related to the Modulation of Metabolic.Output

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Biomedic.l and Environmental Sc.enc.s 1991年第Z1期 182-191页

作者： PETER H.DUFFY,ritchie J.FEUERS Food and Drug Administration Natiomd c.nter Jbr Toxic.logic.l Researc. Jefferson Food and Drug Administration Natiomd c.nter Jbr Toxic.logic.l Researc. Jefferson Arkansas 72079 To whom c.rrespondenc. should be addressed Arkansas 72079

关键词： Biomarkers of Aging c.anges in c.rc.dian Rhythms Related to the Modulation of Metabolic.Output

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Immersion in the Design: Design-for-assembly of c.ble Harnesses

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厦门大学学报（自然科学版） 2002年第S1期41卷 205-206页

作者： J E L Simmons J M ritchie P O'B Holt G T Russell Manufac.uring Systems Researc. Group Manufacturing Systems Research Group Image Systems Engineering LaboratoryHeriot-Watt UniversityImage Systems Engineering LaboratoryHeriot-Watt University Edinburgh UKEdinburgh UK

Approac.es to effic.enc. in manufac.uring and assem bl y over the past 100 years have c.nc.ntrated frequently on the twin themes of div iding jobs done by people into defined segments and to automating as many of tho se segments as possible. This approac. to manufac.uring engineering may be c.ar ac.erised as one of dec.nstruc.ion and replac.ment so far as the role of the hum an being is c.nc.rned. More rec.ntly design engineering has been approac.ed in a similar light with researc. into ’intelligent’ methods involving, for example, expert systems or genetic.algorithms to handle an inc.easing proportion of desi gn tasks. Expert systems are predic.ted on the idea that it is possible to c.pture and systemise signific.nt amounts of professional knowledge: a task that has proved with experienc. to be muc. more diffic.lt than when suc. systems wer e first proposed. Genetic.algorithms, notwithstanding c.nsiderable researc. eff ort, have yet to make signific.nt inroads into the prac.ise of design and manufa c.ure. This paper will draw on new and previous experimental work c.rried out with supp ort from industry to propose an alternative approac. that is enabled by the prod uc.s of modern information tec.nology. In this paradigm it is rec.gnised that t he involvement of the human design expert is, for the time being at least, inevi table. Rather than seeking to reduc. or even eliminate the " expert" with his or her tac.t knowledge, the aim is to provide the expert with interac.ive to ols inc.uding immersive virtual reality so that implic.t, human expertise c.n be applied effec.ively in the design c.c.e. The proposed approac. is c.nsidered in the c.ntext of a partic.larly c.stly and diffic.lt task, namely the design and planning for manufac.ure and assembly of c.able harnesses for use in elec.ro-mec.anic.l artefac.s. The effic.ent and reli able manufac.ure of c.bling systems for many suc. produc.s in the aerospac., aut omotive and IT sec.ors provides diverse c.allenges to des

关键词： Immersion in the Design

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Oc.ult Hepatitis B Reac.ivation after Liver Transplant: The Role of a Novel Mutation in the Surfac. Antigen

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Journal of c.inic.l and Translational Hepatology 2021年第1期9卷 136-138页

作者： Harjot K.Bedi Daljeet c.ahal c.ristopher F.Lowe Gordon ritchie Trana Hussaini Vladimir Marquez Eric.M.Yoshida Department of Medic.ne University of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada Division of Gastroenterology University of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada Department of Pathology&Laboratory Medic.ne University of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada Fac.lty of Pharmac.utic.l Sc.enc.s University of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada

Oc.ult hepatitis B infec.ion is c.arac.erized by loss of hepa-titis B surfac. antigen(HBsAg)and persistenc. of low levels of hepatitis B virus(HBV)replic.tion that may or may not be detec.able in plasma/*** present a c.se of HBV reac.ivation in a male patient who underwent orthotopic.liver transplant for hepatoc.llular c.rc.noma sec.ndary to ac.ive hepatitis c.Hc.)***-transplant,he was HBsAg-negative and hepatitis B c.re antibody-positive,with an undetec.able HBV viral load that was inc.dentally found to be positive at a very low HBV viral load on the day of ***-transplant,his HBsAg remained undetec.-able,with an undetec.able HBV viral load,until eradic.tion of his Hc. infec.ion with direc. ac.ing antiviral ***-ter eradic.tion of Hc.,there was reac.ivation of HBV,with a high viral load and emergenc. of serum HBsAg.A deep sequenc.ng genetic.analysis of his HBV both pre-and post-transplant revealed the presenc. of a mutation in the"a"determinant of the HBV surfac. *** role of HBV genotype'a'determinant mutation in HBV reac.ivation post-transplant is unknown and needs further *** experienc. suggests a possible role for antiviral prophylaxis in these patients or monitoring of HBV viral loads post-transplant.

关键词： Antigen infec.ion ac.ivation

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无创血流动力学监护系统在高危外科患者复苏治疗中的应用

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中国危重病急救医学 2003年第12期15卷 730-734页

作者：卢君强李春盛杨佳勇 Jay Zhu c.arles Wo William c.shoemaker 深圳南山医院广东深圳518052 首都医科大学附属朝阳医院急救中心北京100020 美国南加洲总医院

目的 :探讨在急诊条件下早期应用无创血流动力学监护系统的必要性和可行性 ,评估其早期揭示循环功能不良和在早期高危急诊外科患者复苏治疗中的指导作用。方法 :用无创血流动力学监护系统监测 1 5 6例高危急诊外科患者 ,对其中 4 8例同... 详细信息

目的 :探讨在急诊条件下早期应用无创血流动力学监护系统的必要性和可行性 ,评估其早期揭示循环功能不良和在早期高危急诊外科患者复苏治疗中的指导作用。方法 :用无创血流动力学监护系统监测 1 5 6例高危急诊外科患者 ,对其中 4 8例同时进行了有创血流动力学监护系统 (Swan Ganz法 )的观察 ,并将两种方法所得结果进行比较。结果 :无创血流动力学监护系统所获得的心排血量 (c.)和心脏指数 (c.)值与有创血流动力学监护系统所获得的值非常接近 ,在急诊条件下 ,r=0 .6 9,r2 =0 .87,Pc.条件下进一步比较两种方法所得结果 :r=0 .84 ,r2 =0 .93,Pc.、低经皮氧张力 (Ptc.O2 )、低血氧饱和度 (Sa O2 )和高经皮二氧化碳张力 (Ptc.c.2 )的变化过程 ,并且为早期复苏治疗提供直观、可靠、连续性的依据 ,对预防由于长时间组织低血流量和低灌注所致的休克。

关键词：血流动力学监护系统无创性高危外科患者 Wwan—Ganz法早期复苏治疗

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经皮氧监测在ARDS病人氧复苏治疗中的作用

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中国急救医学 2004年第5期24卷 353-354页

作者：卢君强李春盛 Jay Zhu c.arles Wo W.c.shoemaker 深圳市南山医院Ic. 广东深圳518052 首都医科大学附属朝阳医院急诊科 100020 美国南加州大学总医院 la90033

目的　观察急性呼吸窘迫综合征 (ARDS)病人的氧动力学变化特点 ,探讨无创氧动力学监测在ARDS病人氧复苏治疗中的作用。方法　应用美国Novametric.司的经皮氧监测仪对ARDS病人进行连续动态皮肤氧 (Ptc.2 )、c.2 张力(Ptc.O2 )检测 ,并... 详细信息

目的　观察急性呼吸窘迫综合征 (ARDS)病人的氧动力学变化特点 ,探讨无创氧动力学监测在ARDS病人氧复苏治疗中的作用。方法　应用美国Novametric.司的经皮氧监测仪对ARDS病人进行连续动态皮肤氧 (Ptc.2 )、c.2 张力(Ptc.O2 )检测 ,并在 0、8、16、2 4、4 8、72h同时抽取动脉血观测Ptc.2 、Ptc.2 /FiO2 、Ptc.O2 、SaO2 、PaO2 、PaO2 /FiO2 的变化趋势。结果　 93例病人中 ,存活 6 6例 ,死亡 2 7例 ,死亡率为 2 9 0 3%。存活组与死亡组的Ptc.2 /FiO2 ,PaO2 /FiO2 的变化为 2 98 7± 70 76和97 6± 19 97;2 87 15± 6 3 7和 10 2 3± 4 0 85 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　无创氧动力学监测在ARDS病人氧复苏治疗中安全有效 ,临床动态监测对ARDS病人的氧复苏治疗有明显的指导作用 ,并且为迅速改善氧代谢提供科学依据。

关键词：经皮氧监测急性呼吸窘迫综合征死亡率

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休克和休克肺治疗中应用晶体液和胶体液的评价

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国际麻醉学与复苏杂志 1983年第4期04卷 222-226页

作者： shoemaker Wc.Hauser c.J 马遂

根据现有资料还不能对休克复苏中液体疗法的许多争论问题作结论,但总结一下争论要点,提出一些初步看法还是必要的。因现在多数人倾向晶体液,所以本文打算多讨论一些胶体液,以求产生折中的意见。休克和休克肺治疗中提出的问题一般都认为... 详细信息

根据现有资料还不能对休克复苏中液体疗法的许多争论问题作结论,但总结一下争论要点,提出一些初步看法还是必要的。因现在多数人倾向晶体液,所以本文打算多讨论一些胶体液,以求产生折中的意见。休克和休克肺治疗中提出的问题一般都认为休克和创伤时立即恢复血容量是最重要的治疗目标,而且越早越完全越好。这对预防休克后期并发症如休克肺、急性肾衰等有重大意义。但这种容量恢复治疗休克不得不时时联系它最常见的肺部并发症。输什么和输多少的问题十分迫切。肺水肿的临床和生理估价

关键词：休克肺白蛋白肺水肿血液循环障碍晶体液乳酸林格氏液胶体液

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