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Comparison of evapotranspiration and energy partitioning related to main biotic and abiotic controllers in vineyards using different irrigation methods

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2020年第4期7卷 490-504页

作者： Lei GAO Peng ZHAO Shaozhong KANG Sien LI Ling TONG risheng ding Hongna LU Center for Agricultural Water Research in China China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China Wuwei Experimental Station for Efficient Water Use in Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsWuwei 733000China

Knowledge of evapotranspiration(ET)and energy partitioning is useful for optimizing water management,especially in areas where water is scarce.A study was undertaken in a furrow-irrigated vineyard(2015)and a drip-irrigated vineyard(2017)in an arid region of northwest China to compare vineyard ET and energy partitioning and their responses to soil water content(SWC)and leaf area index(LAI).ET and soil evaporation(E)and transpiration(T)were determined using eddy covariance,microlysimeters,and sap flow.Seasonal average E/ET,T/ET,crop coefficient(Kc),evaporation coefficient(Ke),and basal crop coefficient(Kcb)were 0.50,0.50,0.67,0.35,and 0.29,respectively,in the furrow-irrigated vineyard and 0.42,0.58,0.57,0.29,and 0.43 in the dripirrigated vineyard.The seasonal average partitioning of net radiation(Rn)into the latent heat flux(LE),sensible heat flux(H)and soil heat flux(G)(LE/Rn,H/Rn,and G/Rn),evaporative fraction(EF)and Bowen ratio(β)were 0.57,0.26,0.17,0.69 and 0.63,respectively,in the furrowirrigated vineyard and 0.46,0.36,0.17,0.57 and 0.97 in the drip-irrigated vineyard.The LE/Rn,H/Rn,EF,andβwere linearly correlated with LAI.The E,Kc,Ke,E/ET,LE/Rn,LEs/Rn(ratio of LE by soil E to Rn),H/Rn,EF andβwere closely correlated with topsoil SWC(10 cm depth).Responses of ET and energy partitioning to the LAI and SWC differed under the two irrigation methods.Drip irrigation reduced seasonal average E/ET and increased average T/ET.From the perspective of energy partitioning,seasonal average H/Rn increased whereas LE/Rn,especially LEs/Rn,decreased.Compared with furrow irrigation,drip irrigation decreased the proportion of unproductive water consumption thereby contributing to enhanced water use efficiency and accumulation of dry matter.

关键词： crop coefficient eddy covariance microlysimeter sap flow soil evaporation transpiration

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Alternate partial root-zone irrigation with high irrigation frequency improves root growth and reduces unproductive water loss by apple trees in arid north-west China

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2018年第2期5卷 188-196页

作者： Shaoqing DU Ling TONG Shaozhong KANG Fusheng LI Taisheng DU Sien LI risheng ding Center for Agricultural Water Research in China China Agricultural University College of Agriculture Guangxi University

Alternate partial root-zone irrigation(APRI)can improve water use efficiency in arid areas. However,the effectiveness and outcomes of different frequencies of APRI on water uptake capacity and physiological water use have not been reported. A two-year field experiment was conducted with two irrigation amounts(400 and500 mm) and three irrigation methods(conventional irrigation, APRI with high and low frequencies). Root length density, stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate, leaf water use efficiency, midday stem and leaf water potentials were measured. The results show that in comparison with conventional irrigation, APRI with high frequency significantly increased root length density and decreased water potentials and stomatal conductance.No differences in the above indicators between the two APRI frequencies were detected. A significantly positive relationship between stomatal conductance and root length density was found under APRI. Overall, alternate partial root-zone irrigation with high frequency has a great potential to promote root growth, expand water uptake capacity and reduce unproductive water loss in the arid apple production area.

关键词： alternate partial root-zone irrigation apple tree leaf water use efficiency root length density stomatal conductance water potential

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Time lag characteristics of sap flow in seed-maize and their implications for modeling transpiration in an arid region of Northwest China

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Journal of Arid Land 2017年第4期9卷 515-529页

作者： BO Xiaodong DU Taisheng ding risheng Louise COMAS Center for Agricultural Water Research in China China Agricultural University Water Management Research United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service

Plant capacity for water storage leads to time lags between basal stem sap flow and transpiration in various woody plants. Internal water storage depends on the sizes of woody plants. However, the changes and its influencing factors in time lags of basal stem flow during the development of herbaceous plants including crops remain unclear. A field experiment was conducted in an arid region of Northwest China to examine the time lag characteristics of sap flow in seed-maize and to calibrate the transpiration modeling. Cross-correlation analysis was used to estimate the time lags between stem sap flow and meteorological driving factors including solar radiation（R_s） and vapor pressure deficit of the air（VPD_（air））. Results indicate that the changes in seed-maize stem sap flow consistently lagged behind the changes in R_s and preceded the changes in VPD_（air） both on hourly and daily scales, suggesting that light-mediated stomatal closures drove sap flow responses. The time lag in the maize＇s sap flow differed significantly during different growth stages and the difference was potentially due to developmental changes in capacitance tissue and/or xylem during ontogenesis. The time lags between stem sap flow and R_s in both female plants and male plants corresponded to plant use of stored water and were independent of total plant water use. Time lags of sap flow were always longer in male plants than in female plants. Theoretically, dry soil may decrease the speed by which sap flow adjusts ahead of shifts in VPD_（air） in comparison with wet soil and also increase the speed by which sap flow adjusts to R_s. However, sap flow lags that were associated with R_s before irrigation and after irrigation in female plants did not shift. Time series analysis method provided better results for simulating seed-maize sap flow with advantages of allowing for fewer variables to be included. This approach would be helpful in improving the accuracy of estimation for canopy transpiration and conductance using meteorological measurements

关键词： seed-maize sap flow capacitance transfer function model time lag stored water use

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Responses of water productivity to irrigation and N supply for hybrid maize seed production in an arid region of Northwest China

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Journal of Arid Land 2017年第4期9卷 504-514页

作者： RAN Hui KANG Shaozhong LI Fusheng DU Taisheng ding risheng LI Sien TONG Ling Center for Agricultural Water Research in China China Agricultural University College of Agriculture Guangxi University

Water and nitrogen（N） are generally two of the most important factors in determining the crop productivity. Proper water and N managements are prerequisites for agriculture sustainable development in arid areas. Field experiments were conducted to study the responses of water productivity for crop yield（WP_（Y-ET）） and final biomass（WP_（B-ET）） of film-mulched hybrid maize seed production to different irrigation and N treatments in the Hexi Corridor, Northwest China during April to September in 2013 and also during April to September in 2014. Three irrigation levels（70%–65%, 60%–55%, and 50%–45% of the field capacity） combined with three N rates（500, 400, and 300 kg N/hm^2） were tested in 2013. The N treatments were adjusted to 500, 300, and 100 kg N/hm^2 in 2014. Results showed that the responses of WP_（Y-ET） and WP_（B-ET） to different irrigation amounts were different. WP_（Y-ET） was significantly reduced by lowering irrigation amounts while WP_（B-ET） stayed relatively insensitive to irrigation amounts. However, WP_（Y-ET） and WP_（B-ET） behaved consistently when subjected to different N treatments. There was a slight effect of reducing N input from 500 to 300 kg/hm^2 on the WP_（Y-ET） and WP_（B-ET）, however, when reducing N input to 100 kg/hm^2, the values of WP_（Y-ET） and WP_（B-ET） were significantly reduced. Water is the primary factor and N is the secondary factor in determining both yield（Y） and final biomass（B）. Partial factor productivity from applied N（PFP_N） was the maximum under the higher irrigation level and in lower N rate（100–300 kg N/hm^2） in both years（2013 and 2014）. Lowering the irrigation amount significantly reduced evapotranspiration（ET）, but ET did not vary with different N rates（100–500 kg N/hm^2）. Both Y and B had robust linear relationships with ET, but the correlation between B and ET（R^2=0.8588） was much better than that between Y and ET（R^2=0.6062）. When ET increased, WP_（Y-ET） linearly increased and WP_（B-ET） decreased. Taking the indices of Y, B, WP_（Y-ET）, WP_（B-ET） and PFP_N into accou

关键词： water use efficiency water stress nitrogen use efficiency evapotranspiration water productivity for yield water productivity for biomass arid region

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结合信息熵和模糊优选的种植结构优化模型

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东北农业大学学报 2022年第9期53卷 1-7,16页

作者：李小娟牛俊佟玲陆红娜丁日升李思恩中国农业大学中国农业水问题研究中心北京100083 甘肃武威绿洲农业高效用水国家野外科学观测研究站甘肃武威733000

种植结构优化是区域灌溉用水管理关键环节。文章提出一个结合信息熵和模糊优选的种植结构多目标优化模型(E-FOS-MOP)。信息熵引入合理界定多目标之间相对重要性,模糊优选理论引入有效处理多目标非线性问题。将信息熵方法与模糊优选理论... 详细信息

种植结构优化是区域灌溉用水管理关键环节。文章提出一个结合信息熵和模糊优选的种植结构多目标优化模型(E-FOS-MOP)。信息熵引入合理界定多目标之间相对重要性,模糊优选理论引入有效处理多目标非线性问题。将信息熵方法与模糊优选理论相结合,整合到传统多目标规划模型框架中,应用于西北地区武威市凉州区种植结构规划问题,获得不同节水灌溉水平条件下种植结构优化方案。结果表明,在保障粮食安全情况下压缩小麦、玉米等粮食作物种植面积,同时推广蔬菜、瓜类等经济作物,可有效提高经济效益和综合水分生产力。E-FOS-MOP模型优于传统多目标规划模型(MOLP)和基于模糊优选的模型(FOS-MOP)。相比于现状种植结构,由E-FOS-MOP模型优化得到的效益和水分生产力均有较大提高,总耗水大幅缩减。该模型及其优化结果可为区域水资源管理提供参考。

关键词：种植结构优化多目标信息熵模糊优选

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不同挡流板形式紫外线消毒仪杀菌效果模拟

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农业工程学报 2015年第18期31卷 184-191,F0003页

作者：牛培平丁日升宋卫堂王媛中国农业大学中国农业水问题研究中心北京100083 中国农业大学水利与土木工程学院北京100083

为优化挡流板形式以提高营养液循环利用前的杀菌效率,该文提出了2孔-圆环、2孔、4孔-圆环、4孔、4孔-4孔交错单一布置型和组合型5种不同的消毒仪内部挡流板改进方案,并利用计算流体力学(computational fluid dynamics,CFD)进行数值模拟... 详细信息

为优化挡流板形式以提高营养液循环利用前的杀菌效率,该文提出了2孔-圆环、2孔、4孔-圆环、4孔、4孔-4孔交错单一布置型和组合型5种不同的消毒仪内部挡流板改进方案,并利用计算流体力学(computational fluid dynamics,CFD)进行数值模拟和分析,结合径向辐射模型计算得出病菌在不同消毒仪内运动过程中受到的辐射剂量值。结果表明加装4孔型挡流板时,颗粒在消毒仪内绕流过程中受到的辐射剂量最小值、平均值比改进前的截去挡流板顶端或底端部分型挡流板分别提高33.4%、4.2%,变异系数减小0.07。与其他改进方案相比,4孔型对应的颗粒辐射剂量最低值最大,变异系数最小,分布更加集中合理,表明4孔型挡流板优于改进前和其他几种改进方案。该文结果可为优化消毒仪内部结构和提高杀菌效果提供理论依据。

关键词：计算流体力学紫外线消毒营养液消毒仪挡流板

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集成萌芽期生长和苗期生理指标高通鉴选番茄耐盐品种

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植物生理学报 2022年第4期58卷 733-745页

作者：宋立金丁日升曹荷莉郭悦霍礼琪王嫣然武凝楠中国农业大学中国农业水问题研究中心北京100083 甘肃武威绿洲农业高效用水国家野外科学观测研究站甘肃武威733009

确定最优耐盐指标并鉴选耐盐番茄品种对提高盐碱地作物用水效率至关重要,但集成萌芽期生长和苗期生理指标高通鉴选耐盐品种的研究还较少。本文选用10个不同番茄品种,分别在萌芽期和苗期设置了4个盐分水平(0、50、100、150 mmol·L^(-1)... 详细信息

确定最优耐盐指标并鉴选耐盐番茄品种对提高盐碱地作物用水效率至关重要,但集成萌芽期生长和苗期生理指标高通鉴选耐盐品种的研究还较少。本文选用10个不同番茄品种,分别在萌芽期和苗期设置了4个盐分水平(0、50、100、150 mmol·L^(-1)盐水灌溉,S1~S4)。测定了萌芽期芽长、根长、鲜重和干重,计算了发芽势、发芽率和发芽指数;苗期气孔导度、叶水势、叶绿素、株高、茎粗、地上鲜重和干重。结果表明,耐盐品种在受到盐分胁迫后,发芽指数和芽长、气孔导度和叶水势变化幅度较小。因此,它们可以分别作为萌芽期和苗期耐盐指标。通过对集成萌芽期生长和苗期生理指标鉴选得出‘京丹8号’是10个番茄品种中最耐盐的品种。总之,本文提出的集成萌芽期和苗期耐盐性评价方法,具有周期短、准确性高的特点,可用于耐盐品种的高通鉴选。

关键词：番茄萌芽期苗期耐盐指标品种鉴选集成方法

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不同水盐胁迫对番茄生长发育和产量的影响研究

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灌溉排水学报 2019年第2期38卷 29-35页

作者：曹荷莉丁日升薛富岚中国农业大学中国农业水问题研究中心北京100083

【目的】探究番茄植株对不同水盐胁迫情景的响应,为合理制定盐碱化土壤下的灌溉制度提供科学依据。【方法】以粉欧宝番茄品种为研究对象,开展水盐对番茄生长发育影响的盆栽试验。试验采用完全随机布置,设置3个水分水平(W1-充分灌溉、W2-... 详细信息

【目的】探究番茄植株对不同水盐胁迫情景的响应,为合理制定盐碱化土壤下的灌溉制度提供科学依据。【方法】以粉欧宝番茄品种为研究对象,开展水盐对番茄生长发育影响的盆栽试验。试验采用完全随机布置,设置3个水分水平(W1-充分灌溉、W2-1/2的W1灌水量、W3-干旱复水)和2个盐分水平(S1-无盐和S2-0.3%含盐量),每个处理4个重复,测定了番茄耗水、干物质和产量指标,分析了不同水盐胁迫对番茄植株生长发育与产量的影响。【结果】与充分灌溉W1相比,W2水平的番茄植株耗水、干物质、植株含水率、叶质量、产量、单果质量显著减少。W3水平的植株耗水量和叶茎比显著减少,但单株干质量与鲜干比所受影响不大;单果鲜质量与干质量显著减小,但坐果率提高导致产量有所增加。盐分处理的番茄植株耗水量、单株干质量、鲜干比、叶茎比、果实总产量、单果鲜质量与干质量均小于无盐处理。水分胁迫显著影响叶片生长和单个果实发育,盐分胁迫抑制植株的生长发育及产量形成。【结论】干旱复水与无盐处理组合(W3S1)下番茄植株表现出了较好的生长发育状况和产量水平,可用于最优调亏灌溉制度的制定。

关键词：水盐胁迫番茄生长发育耗水产量

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2009-2016年中国农业大学石羊河实验站玉米日耗水量数据集

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中国科学数据（中英文网络版） 2023年第4期8卷 10-20页

作者：马一宁丁日升佟玲康绍忠李思恩杜太生中国农业大学中国农业水问题研究中心北京100083 甘肃武威绿洲农业高效用水国家野外科学观测研究站甘肃武威733009

掌握农田系统作物耗水量变化情况,对研究作物各生育期水分消耗规律至关重要。基于此,本数据提供了中国农业大学石羊河实验站内大型称重式蒸渗仪实测的玉米耗水量数据,时间分辨率为日尺度,灌溉方式为畦灌,数据范围为2009–2016年。数据... 详细信息

掌握农田系统作物耗水量变化情况,对研究作物各生育期水分消耗规律至关重要。基于此,本数据提供了中国农业大学石羊河实验站内大型称重式蒸渗仪实测的玉米耗水量数据,时间分辨率为日尺度,灌溉方式为畦灌,数据范围为2009–2016年。数据采集和处理过程严格遵循仪器数据质量控制和规范。数据以日为尺度公开,以期为区域农业水资源高效利用提供依据。

关键词：石羊河实验站大型蒸渗仪耗水量玉米

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Upper-mantle velocity structures beneath the Tibetan Plateau and surrounding areas inferred from triplicated P waveforms

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2019年第5期3卷 444-458页

作者： risheng Chu LuPei Zhu ZhiFeng ding State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth’s Dynamics Institute of Geodesy and GeophysicsWuhan 430077China Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Saint Louis UniversitySt LouisMO 63108USA Institute of Geophysics and Geomatics China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Institute of Geophysics China Earthquake AdministrationBeijing 100083China

P-wave waveforms in the distance range between 12°and 30°were analyzed to investigate upper-mantle P velocity structures beneath the Tibetan Plateau and surrounding areas.The waveform data from 504 earthquakes with magnitudes larger than 5.0 between 1990 and 2005 that occurred within 30°from the center of the Plateau were modelled.We divided the study area into 6 regions and modeled upper-mantle-distance P waveforms with turning points beneath each region separately.The results show that the uppermantle P-wave velocity structures beneath India,the Himalayas,and the Lhasa Terrane are similar and contain a high-velocity lid about 250 km thick.The upper-mantle velocities down to 200 km beneath the Qiangtang Terrane,the Tarim Basin,and especially the Songpan-GarzêTerrane are lower than those in the south.The 410-km discontinuity beneath these two terranes is elevated by about 20 km.Highvelocity anomalies are found in the transition zone below 500 km under the Lhasa and Qiangtang Terranes.The results suggest that the Tibetan Plateau was generated by thrusting of the Indian mantle lithosphere under the southern part of Tibet.Portions of the thickened Eurasian mantle lithosphere were delaminated;they are now sitting in the transition zone beneath southern Tibet and atop of the 410-km discontinuity underneath northern Tibet.

关键词： Tibetan Plateau upper mantle structure triplication waveform modelling

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