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Underutilized Plant Species in Far West Nepal

Journal of mountain Science 2012年第5期9卷 589-600页

作者： ripu m.kunwar Laxmi mAHAT Lila N.SHARmA Keshab P.SHRESTHA Hiroo KOmINEE Rainer W.BUSSmANN Centre for Biological Conservation Kirtipur-3NayabazarKathmanduNepal GPO Box 19925 Kalanki-1444600KathmanduNepal Natural History museum SwayambhuTribhuvan University Hatai Clinic KYG Iryoukai Medical Association2-47-22 Togo Iryou Building 1F NakachoTokyoJapan William L.Brown Center Missouri Botanical GardenSt.LouisMO 63110USA

Underutilized plant species help to alleviate common food insufficiencies by providing alternative food supply. They also complement primary health care, furnishing raw materials where the cultivation of staple cereal crops is least feasible and health care is pursued indigenously. Research and promotion of extraction, utilization, and conservation of underutilized species lead to exploration of new staple crops and motivate people to consume in a sustainable manner. The present study describes the current status, uses, and management of underutilized plant species in Far West Nepal. The relative importance of 49 underutilized plant species was computed employing a Relative Importance (RI) technique. The use-values assigned to the species fall into six use-categories: beverage, fodder, food & edible, medicinal, vegetable and veterinary. A total of 22 species appeared in multiple use-categories, while the rest were characterized by a single use-category. Based on relative importance and frequency, Ficus semicordata, Debregesia longifolia, Girardinea diversifolia, Hydrocotyle nepalensis, Garuga pinnata, Aloe vera and Pyrus pashia offer the most potential for future. Underutilized plants proved important to folk medicine and food. These species persist because they remain useful to local people as means of subsistence, production, and primary health care. The findings are important so far as they point up the role of underutilized plants in national food security policy and health care, spelling out their potentialities and cross cutting relationships.

关键词： Underutilized plants Relativeimportance (R/) Ethnoveterinary use Conservation Nepal

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尼泊尔西部传统医学、药用植物及市场管理现状

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亚太传统医药 2020年第2期16卷 1-2页

作者： ripu m kunwar Laxmi mahat Ram P Acharya Rainer W Bussmann 佛罗里达亚特兰大大学美国佛罗里达特里布文大学尼泊尔加德满都南昆士兰大学澳大利亚昆士兰伊利亚州立大学格鲁吉亚第比利斯

现代医学是以本土疗法和民族药理学等传统医药学为基础逐渐发展而来的,而传统医药学也成为寻找新药和新的疾病治疗方法的重要来源。医疗全球化的进程使人们对传统医药的需求越来越多,加之不合理的开采和不规范的保护措施,尼泊尔的许多... 详细信息

现代医学是以本土疗法和民族药理学等传统医药学为基础逐渐发展而来的,而传统医药学也成为寻找新药和新的疾病治疗方法的重要来源。医疗全球化的进程使人们对传统医药的需求越来越多,加之不合理的开采和不规范的保护措施,尼泊尔的许多药用植物资源濒临灭绝,可持续化管理迫在眉睫。虽然现代医学对传统医学的冲击很大,但尼泊尔当地居民对传统医学的需求从未停止,除了使用其进行治病外,还通过种植、采集和销售等途径获取经济效益,因此传统医药的规范化管理也应提上日程。

关键词：尼泊尔药用植物可持续管理

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Composition of forests and vegetation in the Kailash Sacred Landscape,Nepal

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第5期31卷 1625-1635页

作者： ripu mardhan kunwar maria Fadiman Tobin Hindle madan Krishna Suwal Yagya Prasad Adhikari Kedar Baral Rainer Bussmann Department of Geosciences Florida Atlantic University777 Glades RoadBoca RatonFL 33431USA Department of Geography University of BergenFosswinckelsgate 6P.O.Box 78025020 BergenNorway Department of Biogeography University of BayreuthUniversitatsstr.3095447 BayreuthGermany Department of Forests Kathmandu 44600Nepal Ilia State University Kakutsa Cholokashvili Ave 3/50162 TbilisiRepublic of Georgia

A total of 141 quadrats were sampled using stratified random sampling to study forest,environment and human interactions along an elevation gradient 1800 to 3665 m at the remote Kailash Sacred Landscape,*** forest types were identified,including Laurel-Oak to Rhododendron to Blue pine,comprising 191 species including 60 useful from 166 genera and 87 *** environmental variables elevation,slope,and temperature were significant(pmining the composition and distribution of forest *** of large numbers of useful plants along with diverse forest and vegetation types suggest a strong association between the culture of local villages and nature *** to changes in climate,socio-culture and land-use,forest degradation is expected to accelerate,thus forcing government and indigenous community forest management measures to acknowledge human,cultural and environmental variables for sustainable forest management.

关键词： Phyto-sociological assessment Environmental factors Forest types Culture Kailash Sacred Landscape Nepal

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Integration of machine learning with phase field method to model the electromigration induced Cu_(6)Sn_(5) ImC growth at anode side Cu/Sn interface

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Journal of materials Science & Technology 2020年第24期59卷 203-219页

作者： Anil kunwar Yuri Amorim Coutinho Johan Hektor Haitao ma Nele moelans Department of materials Engineering KU LeuvenKasteelpark Arenberg 44LeuvenB-3001Belgium LUNARC-Centre for Scientific and Technical Computing at Lund University Lund UniversityP.O.Box 118SE-22100LundSweden Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron(DESY) Notkestrasse 85Hamburg22607Germany School of materials Science and Engineering Dalian University of TechnologyDalian116024China

Currently,in the era of big data and 5G communication technology,electromigration has become a serious reliability issue for the miniaturized solder joints used in microelectronic *** the effective charge number(Z*)is considered as the driving force for electromigration,the lack of accurate experimental values for Z* poses severe challenges for the simulation-aided design of electronic *** this work,a data-driven framework is developed to predict the Z* values of Cu and Sn species at the anode based LIQUID,Cu_(6)Sn_(5) intermetallic compound(ImC)and FCC phases for the binary Cu-Sn system undergoing electromigration at 523.15 *** growth rate constants(kem)of the anode ImC at several magnitudes of applied low current density(j=1×10^6 to 10×10^6A/m^2)are extracted from simulations based on a 1D multi-phase field model.A neural network employing Z* and j as input features,whereas utilizing these computed kemdata as the expected output is *** results of the neural network analysis are optimized with experimental growth rate constants to estimate the effective charge *** a negligible increase in temperature at low j values,effective charge numbers of all phases are found to increase with current density and the increase is much more pronounced for the ImC *** predicted values of effective charge numbers Z* are then utilized in a 2D simulation to observe the anode ImC grain growth and electrical resistance changes in the multi-phase *** the work consists of the aspects of experiments,theory,computation,and machine learning,it can be called the four paradigms approach for the study of electromigration in Pb-free *** a combination of multiple paradigms of materials design can be problem-solving for any future research scenario that is marked by uncertainties regarding the determination of material properties.

关键词： Phase field method Artificial neural network Intemetallic compound Current density Synchrotron radiation

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Influence of slope position and aspect on the vegetation attributes and treewater relations in forests of the central Himalayas

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Journal of mountain Science 2023年第9期20卷 2592-2602页

作者： Vidit TYAGI Surendra P.SINGH ripu Daman SINGH Surabhi GUmBER Rajesh THADANI Rajiv PANDEY Dolphin(PG)Institute of Bio-medical and Natural Sciences Dehra Dun 248007India Central Himalayan Environment Association(CHEA) Dehradun 248007India Department of Forestry and Environmental Science DSB CampusKumaun UniversityNainital 263001India Centre for Ecology Development and Research(CEDAR) A-17 Mayfair GardensNew Delhi 110016India Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education(ICFRE) Dehra Dun 248007India

While the need for understanding the effects of topographical factors on forest structure and function is well recognized,comprehensive studies are *** study evaluates the effect of slope aspect and slope position on water relations and forest attributes across six forest types occurring between 400 m and 2600 m altitude in the Central Himalaya(27°-38°N).We found that predawn tree water potential and soil water potential were generally higher on moist north slope aspect(-0.78±0.05 mPa and-3.34±0.18 mPa,respectively)than dry south slope aspect(-0.82±0.18 mPa and-3.77±0.18 mPa,respectively).Across six different forests,these values were higher at hill base(-0.71±0.06 mPa and-2.77±0.19 mPa,tree predawn water potential and soil water potential,respectively)than other topographical *** favorable effect of north aspect and hill base was also observed in maintaining soil water and tree water potential during the dry *** attributes,such as species richness,unique species and plant density were also generally higher on north slope and hill base than southern aspect and lowest at hill *** forest types,the hill base provided shelter to 46 unique species,compared to 16-18 at the other positions,thus emphasizing its importance as refugia for species to survive climate change induced *** favorable conditions of hill base position not only contribute to increase in alpha diversity,but also to extended species distributional range.

关键词： Hill base Himalaya Refugia Unique species Water relation

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A data-driven framework to predict the morphology of interfacial Cu6Sn5 ImC in SAC/Cu system during laser soldering

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Journal of materials Science & Technology 2020年第15期47卷 115-127页

作者： Anil kunwar Lili An Jiahui Liu Shengyan Shang Peter Raback Haitao ma Xueguan Song Department of materials Engineering KU LeuvenKasteelpark Arenberg 44B-3001 LeuvenBelgium School of mechanical Engineering Dalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024China School of materials Science and Engineering Dalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024China CSC-IT Center for Science Keilaranta 14P.O.Box 405FIN-02101 EspooFinland

A data-driven approach combining together the experimental laser soldering,finite element analysis and machine learning,has been utilized to predict the morphology of interracial intermetallic compound(ImC) in Sn-xAg-yCu/Cu(SAC/Cu) *** types of SAC solders with varying weight proportion of Ag and Cu,have been processed with fiber laser at different magnitudes of power(30-50 W) and scan speed(10-240 mm/min),and the resultant ImC morphologies characterized through scanning electron microscope are categorized as prismatic and scalloped *** the different alloy composition and laser parameters,finite element method(FEm) is employed to compute the transient distribution of temperature at the interface of solder and *** FEm-generated datasets are supplied to a neural network that predicts the ImC morphology through the quantified values of temperature dependent Jackson parameter(αJ).The numerical value of αJ predicted from neural network is validated with experimental ImC *** critical scan speed for the morphology transition between prismatic and scalloped ImC is estimated for each solder composition at a given ***-0.7 Cu having the largest critical scan speed at 30 W and Sn-3.5 Ag alloy having the largest critical scan speed at input power values of 40 W and 50 W,thus possessing the greatest likelihood of forming prismatic interfacial ImC during laser soldering,can be inferred as most suitable SAC solders in applications exposed to shear loads.

关键词： Intermetallic compound Neural network Finite element method(FEm) Laser parameters Lead-free solders morphology

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Self-Assembled Al Nanostructure/ZnO Quantum Dot Heterostructures for High Responsivity and Fast UV Photodetector

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Nano-micro Letters 2020年第9期12卷 96-108页

作者： Sisi Liu ming‑Yu Li Jianbing Zhang Dong Su Zhen Huang Sundar kunwar Jihoon Lee School of Optical and Electronic Information Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074People’s Republic of China School of Science Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070People’s Republic of China Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics(WNLO)and School of Engineering Sciences Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074People’s Republic of China College of Electonics and Information Kwangwoon UniversityNowon-guSeoul 01897Republic of Korea Institute of Nanoscale Science and Engineering University of ArkansasFayettevilleAR 72701USA

Light confinement induced by spontaneous near-surface resonance is inherently determined by the location and geometry of metallic nanostructures(NSs),offering a facile and effective approach to break through the limitation of the light-mater interaction within the photoactive ***,we demonstrate high-performance Al NS/ZnO quantum dots(Al/ZnO) heterostructure UV photodetectors with controllable morphologies of the self-assembled Al *** Al/ZnO heterostructures exhibit a superior light utilization than the ZnO/Al heterostructures,and a strong morphological dependence of the Al NSs on the optical properties of the *** inter-diffusion of Al atoms into ZnO matrixes is of a great benefit for the carrier ***,the optimal photocurrent of the Al/ZnO heterostructure photodetectors is significantly increased by 275 times to ~1.065 mA compared to that of the pristine ZnO device,and an outstanding photoresponsivity of 11.98 A W-1 is correspondingly achieved under 6.9 mW cm-2 UV light illumination at 10 V *** addition,a relatively fast response is similarly witnessed with the Al/ZnO devices,paving a path to fabricate the high-performance UV photodetectors for applications.

关键词： Al/ZnO heterostructure photodetectors Plasmonic enhancement ZnO quantum dots Self-assembled Al nanostructures

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Transformation of Supercapacitive Charge Storage Behaviour in a multi elemental Spinel Cumn_(2)O_(4) Nanofibers with Alkaline and Neutral Electrolytes

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Advanced Fiber materials 2021年第4期3卷 265-274页

作者： Ria kunwar Syam G.Krishnan Izan Izwan misnon Fatemeh Zabihi Shengyuan Yang Chun-Chen Yang Rajan Jose Nanostructured Renewable materials Research Laboratory Faculty of Industrial Sciences and TechnologyUniversity Malaysia Pahang26300 KuantanMalaysia Graphene&Advanced 2D materials Research Group(GAmRG) School of Engineering and TechnologySunway UniversityNo.5 Jalan UniversitiBandar Sunway47500 Petaling JayaSelangorMalaysia State Key Laboratory for modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer materials International Joint Laboratory for Advanced Fiber and Low-Dimension MaterialsCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringDonghua UniversityShanghaiPeople’s Republic of China Battery Research Center for Green Energy Ming Chi University of TechnologyNew Taipei CityTaiwan

Electrode material has been cited as one of the most important determining factors in classifying an energy storage system’s charge storage mechanism,i.e.,as battery-type or *** this paper,we show that along with the electrode material,the electrolyte also plays a role in determining the charge storage behaviour of the *** the purpose of our research,we chose multi-elemental spinal type Cumn_(2)O_(4) metal oxide nanofibers to prove the *** material is synthesized as nanofibers of diameter~120 to 150 nm in large scales by a pilot scale electrospinning set *** was then tested in three different electrolytes(1 m KOH,1 m Na_(2)SO_(4) and 1 m Li_(2)SO_(4)),two of which are neutral and the third is alkaline(KOH).The cyclic voltammograms and the galvanostatic charge-discharge of the electrode material in a three-electrode sys-tem measurement showed that it exhibit different charge storage mechanism in different electrolyte *** the neutral electrolytes,a capacitive behaviour was observed whereas a battery-type behaviour was seen for the alkaline *** leads us to conclude that the charge storage mechanism,along with the active material,also depends on the electrolyte used.

关键词： Energy storage materials Electrochemical double layer capacitors Capacitive charge storage Ternary manganates Pseudocapacitors

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肺炎支原体肺炎患儿免疫功能的临床研究

肺炎支原体肺炎患儿免疫功能的临床研究

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作者： Prem Narayan kunwar 湖北医药学院

学位级别：硕士

背景:肺炎支原体（mP）已成为儿童呼吸道感染,尤其是社区获得性肺炎的常见病原体之一,且近年来肺炎支原体感染有逐渐上升的趋势。mP感染不仅引起呼吸道症状,还可导致肺内并发症及循环、消化、神经等其他系统功能损害。其发病机制有呼吸... 详细信息

背景:肺炎支原体（mP）已成为儿童呼吸道感染,尤其是社区获得性肺炎的常见病原体之一,且近年来肺炎支原体感染有逐渐上升的趋势。mP感染不仅引起呼吸道症状,还可导致肺内并发症及循环、消化、神经等其他系统功能损害。其发病机制有呼吸道上皮吸附作用、肺炎支原体直接侵入和免疫紊乱学说,目前较倾向于免疫紊乱学说。目的:研究肺炎支原体肺炎（mPP）患儿免疫球蛋白及T细胞亚群水平变化,探讨其免疫功能变化以为临床治疗提供依据。材料与方法:本研究纳入2018年2月至2019年12月于湖北医药学院附属国药东风总医院儿童医疗中心住院检查并诊断为mPP的患儿102例、正常健康对照组儿童30例。采用免疫比浊法检测mPP患儿和正常对照组儿童血清Ig A、Ig m、Ig G、Ig E水平,用流式细胞仪检测外周血T细胞亚群CD3+细胞、CD4+细胞、CD8+细胞水平,收集mPP患儿相关临床检验资料包括mP-DNA、WBC、CRP、AST和ALT。结果:mPP患儿组血清Ig A、Ig m、Ig G水平高于正常对照组（P0.05）。mPP患儿组外周血T细胞亚群CD3+细胞、CD4+细胞、CD4+/CD8+的值低于正常对照组（P0.05）。肺炎支原体肺炎患儿肝功能异常组、肝功能正常组血清Ig A、Ig m、Ig G、Ig E水平无统计学差异（均P>0.05）;两组T细胞亚群CD3T、CD4T、CD4/CD8计数无统计学差异（P>0.05）,肝功能异常组CD8T计数低于肝功能正常组（PmPP患儿存在细胞免疫和体液免疫功能失调,检测血清免疫球蛋白、T细胞亚群水平可有助于更好的评估患儿的病情,为临床应用免疫调节治疗提供理论依据。

关键词：肺炎支原体肺炎血清免疫球蛋白 T细胞亚群儿童

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Contemporary solutions for patients with microtia and congenital aural atresia-Hong Kong experience

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Journal of Otology 2016年第4期11卷 -页

作者： Willis S.S.Tsang michael C.F.Tong Peter K.m.Ku kunwar S.S.Bhatia Joannie K.Y.Yu Terence K.C.Wong C.Andrew van Hasselt Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery The Chinese University of Hong Kong Prince of Wales Hospital Department of Imaging & Interventional Radiology The Chinese University of Hong Kong Prince of Wales Hospital

managing microtia patients is always a challenge. multidisciplinary approach, good family support, well established doctorepatient rela-tionship and well organised patient-support groups are the essential elements for success. With the advancement of implantable hearing devices, more options will be available for the microtia patients. Otologists play a leading role in the whole management process. They not only provide proper guidance to the patients in choosing the correct path of the treatment, but also play a key role in organising and maintaining a cost-effective multidisciplinary rehabilitation team for the microtia patients.

关键词： microtia Congenital aural atresia Implantable hearing aids Bone conduction

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