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Supplemental Materials: Realization of Quantum Maxwell's Demon with Solid-State Spins

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Chinese Phy.ics Letters 2018年第4期35卷 1-6页

作者： W.-B. Wang X.-y. Chang F. Wang P.-y. Hou y.-y. Huang W.-G. Zhang X.-L. Ouy.ng X.-Z. Huang Z.-y. Zhang H.-y. Wang L. He L.-M. Duan Center for Quantum Information IIIS Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 Department of Phy.ics University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109 USA

We report experimental realization of a quantum version of Maxwell＇s demon using solid state spins where the information acquiring and feedback operations by.the demon are achieved through conditional quantum gates.A unique feature of this implementation is that the demon can start in a quantum superposition state or in an entangled state with an ancilla observer. Through quantum state tomography. we measure the entropy.in the sy.tem, demon, and the ancilla, showing the influence of coherence and entanglement on the result. A quantum implementation of Maxwell＇s demon adds more controllability.to this paradoxical thermal machine and may.find applications in quantum thermody.amics involving microscopic sy.tems.

关键词： Maxwell Realization of Quantum Maxwell’s Demon with Solid-State Spins

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DEPTH-AVERAGED 2-D CALCULATION OF FLOW AND SEDIMENT TRANSPORT IN CURVED CHANNELS

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2004年第4期19卷 241-257页

作者： Sam S. y. WANG Director Distinguished Professor MS 38677 National Center for Computational Hy.roscience and Engineering The University.of Mississippi USA

The helical flow significantly.affects the flow, sediment transport and morphological evolution in curved channels. A semi-empirical formula is proposed to determine the cross-stream distribution of the helical flow intensity.in the developed regions of a channel bend. It is then used to evaluate the dispersion terms in the depth-averaged 2-D momentum equations and suspended-load transport equation as well as the bed-load transport angle, thus enhancing the depth-averaged 2-D model to account for the effect of helical flow. The tests in several experimental and field cases show that the enhanced depth-averaged 2-D model can much more reasonably.predict the shifting of main flow from inner bank to outer bank, the erosion along outer bank and deposition along inner bank than the depth-averaged 2-D model without considering this effect.

关键词： Secondary.flow Channel bends Dispersion Unsteady.flow Sediment transport Two- dimensional model Finite volume method

Effect of Bismuth on Intermetallic Compound Growth in Lead Free Solder/Cu Microelectronic Interconnect

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2011年第8期27卷 741-745页

作者： T.y. Kang y. y. Xiu L. Hui J.J. Wang W.P. Tong C.Z. Liu Key.Laboratory.of Electromagnetic Processing of Materials Ministry of Education Northeastern University Shenyang 110004 China Sheny.ng Aerospace University Shenyang 110136 China

The intermetallic compound （IMC） growth kinetics in pure Sn/Cu and Sn10 wt%Bi/Cu solder joints was studied, respectively. after they.were aged at 160-210℃ for different time. It was found that the total IMC in Sn10 wt%Bi/Cu joint developed faster than it did in pure Sn/Cu solder joint, when they.were aged at the same temperature. And the activation energy.Qa for total IMC in Sn10 wt%Bi/Cu joint was lower than that for pure Sn/Cu interconnect. The IMC growth process was discussed. The IMC Cu6Sn5 was enhanced in compensation of reduced IMC Cu3Sn growth. The work reveals that Bi element containing in lead free solder alloy. with 10 wt% can enhance IMC growth in lead free solder/Cu joint during service.

关键词： Solder Interfacial reaction Intermetallics Kinetics

Scale Effects of Geographical Soil Datasets on Soil Carbon Estimation in Louisiana,USA:A Comparison of STATSGO and SSURGO

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Pedosphere 2011年第4期21卷 491-501页

作者： B. ZHONG y. J. XU School of Renewable Natural Resources Louisiana State University Agricultural Center Baton Rouge LA 70803 (USA)

Estimation of soil organic carbon （SOC） pools and fluxes bears large uncertainties because SOC stocks vary.greatly.over geographical space and through time. Although development of the U.S. Soil Survey.Geographic Database （SSURGO）, currently.the most detailed level with a map scale ranging from 1：12 000 to 1：63 360, has involved substantial government funds and coordinated network efforts, very.few studies have utilized it for soil carbon assessment at the large landscape scale. The objectives of this study.were to 1） compare estimates in soil organic matter among SSURGO, the State Soil Geographic Database （STATSGO）, and referenced field measurements at the soil map unit; 2） examine the influence of missing data on SOC estimation by.SSURGO and STATSGO; 3） quantify.spatial differences in SOC estimation between SSURGO and STATSCO, specifically.for the state of Louisiana; and 4） assess scale effects on soil organic carbon density.（SOCD） estimates from a soil map unit to a watershed and a river basin scale. SOC was estimated using soil attributes of SSURGO and STATSGO including soil organic matter （SOM） content, soil lay.r depth, and bulk density. Paired t-test, correlation, and regression analy.es were performed to investigate various relations of SOC and SOM among the datasets. There were positive relations of SOC estimates between SSURGO and STATSGO at the soil map unit （R2 = 0.56, n = 86, t = 1.65, P = 0.102; depth： 30 cm）. However, the SOC estimated by.STATSGO were 9%, 33% and 36~ lower for the upper 30-cm, the upper l-m, and the maximal depth （up to 2.75 m） soils, respectively. than those from SSURGO. The difference tended to increase as the spatial scale changes from the soil map unit to the watershed and river basin scales. Compared with the referenced field measurements, the estimates in SOM by.SSURGO showed a closer match than those of STATSCO, indicating that the former was more accurate than the latter in SOC estimation, both in spatial and temporal resoluti

关键词： carbon accounting climate change GIS soil organic carbon soil organic matter

Forest biodiversity. relationships to structural and functional attributes, and stability.in New England forests

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Forest Ecosy.tems 2018年第2期5卷 177-188页

作者： y.de Pan Kevin McCullough David y. Hollinger USDA Forest Service Durham NH USA USDA Forest Service Madison WI USA

Background： Forest biodiversity.is the foundation of many.ecosy.tem services, and the effect of biodiversity.on ecosy.tem functioning and processes （BEF） has been a central issue in biodiversity.studies. Although many.hy.otheses have been developed to interpret global gradients of biodiversity. there has not been complete agreement on mechanisms controlling biodiversity.patterns and distributions. Differences may.be due to limited observation data and inconsistencies of spatial scales in analy.is. Methods： In this study. we take advantage of USDA Forest Service forest inventory.and analy.is （FIA） data for exploring regional forest biodiversity.and BEF in New England forests. The FIA data provide detailed information of sampled plots and trees for the region, including 6000 FIA plots and more than 33,000 individual trees. Biodiversity.models were used to analy.e the data. Results： Tree species diversity.increases from the north to the south at a rate about 2-3 species per latitudinal degree. Tree species diversity.is better predicted by.tree height than forest age or biomass. Very.different distribution patterns of two common maple species, sugar maple （Acer sdcchorum） and red maple （Acer rubrum）, highlight the vulnerability.of sugar maple and its potential replacement by.red maple on New England landscapes. Red maple generally.already.outperforms sugar maple, and will likely.and continuously.benefit from a changing climate in New England. Conclusions： We conclude that forest structure （height） and resources （biomass） are more likely.foundational characteristics supporting biodiversity.rather than biodiversity.determining forest productivity.and/or biomass. The potential replacement of red maple for sugar maple in the New England areas could affect biodiversity.and stability.of forest ecosy.tem functioning because sugar maple play. important ecological roles distinct from red maple that are beneficial to other tree species in northern hardwood forests. Such a change

关键词： Forest biodiversity Biodiversity.effect on function (BEF) New England Forest inventory.data Species diversity Latitudinal diversity.gradient Forest stability.of ecosy.tem functioning Forest resilience Sugar maple Red maple Changing climate

Tuning periodicity.of poly.er-decorated carbon nanotubes

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Science China Chemistry 2012年第5期55卷 802-807页

作者： LAIRD Eric D. LI Christopher y. A. J. Drexel Nanotechnology.Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering Drexel University Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104 USA

Carbon nanotube (CNT) is one of the most extensively.investigated nanomaterials. Patterning soft matter such as liquid cry.tals and poly.ers on CNTs could potentially.enable various applications for CNTs. We have demonstrated that controlled poly.er cry.tallization using CNTs as the 1D nucleation sites can lead to periodically.functionalized CNTs. Here we show that selected cry.talline block copoly.ers can be periodically.decorated along CNTs. This facile technique opens a gateway.to periodic patterning on 1-D nanomaterials.

关键词： poly.er cry.tallization carbon nanotube block copoly.ers

Topological Poly.er Chemistry.for Designing New Macromolecular Architectures

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复旦学报（自然科学版） 2005年第5期44卷 844-845页

作者： y. Tezuka Department of Organic and Poly.eric Materials Tokyo Institute of Technology Tokyo 152-8552 Japan

The precise control in poly.er architectures has been an ongoing challenge in sy.thetic poly.er chemistry. since new poly.er topologies will realize unprecedented properties and functions in poly.eric *** particular, topologically.unique macromolecules comprising single cy.lic and multicy.lic poly.er units have gained growing interests due to their distinctive behaviors from linear and branched counterparts[1-4]. See Fig. 1.

关键词：遥爪聚合体拓扑结构静电自组合大分子结构合成方法

Asy.metry.aware load balancing for parallel applications in single-ISA multi-core sy.tems

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Journal of Zhejiang University.Science C(Computers and Electronics) 2012年第6期13卷 413-427页

作者： Eunsung KIM Hy.onsang EOM Heon y. y.OM School of Computer Science and Engineering Seoul National University Seoul 151-744 Korea

Contemporary.operating sy.tems for single-ISA （instruction set architecture） multi-core sy.tems attempt to distribute tasks equally.among all the CPUs. This approach works relatively.well when there is no difference in CPU capability. However, there are cases in which CPU capability.differs from one another. For instance, static capability.asy.metry.results from the advent of new asy.metric hardware, and dy.amic capability.asy.metry.comes from the operating sy.tem （OS） outside noise caused from networking or I/O handling. These asy.metries can make it hard for the OS scheduler to evenly.distribute the tasks, resulting in less efficient load balancing. In this paper, we propose a user-level load balaneer for parallel applications, called the ＇capability.balancer＇, which recognizes the difference of CPU capability.and makes subtasks share the entire CPU capability.fairly. The balancer can coexist with the existing kemel-level load balancer without detrimenting the behavior of the kernel balancer. The capability.balancer can fairly.distribute CPU capability.to tasks with very.little overhead. For real workloads like the NAS Parallel Benchmark （NPB）, we have accomplished speedups of up to 9.8% and 8.5% in dy.amic and static asy.metries, respectively. We have also experienced speedups of 13.3% for dy.amic asy.metry.and 24.1% for static asy.metry.in a competitive environment. The impacts of our task selection policies, FIFO （first in, first out） and cache, were compared. The use of the cache policy.led to a speedup of 5.3% in overall execution time and a decrease of 4.7% in the overall cache miss count, compared with the FIFO policy. which is used by.default.

关键词： Scheduler Load balancing Capability.asy.metry OS noise Multi-core

Sy.thesis and Thermal Property.of the Poly.silpheny.lenesiloxane)s with Functional Groups

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复旦学报（自然科学版） 2005年第5期44卷 798-799页

作者： y. Kawakami Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology.(JAIST) 1-1 Asahidai Nomi Ishikawa 923-1292 Japan

Silicon-containing poly.ers have been intensively.studied in the past half-century. and a great number of papers, patents and books have been published on the sy.thesis, properties and applications. Silicon-containing poly.ers, especially.poly.ers containing silicon atoms in the backbone, including some major species as poly.iloxane, poly.ilane, poly.ilazane, etc. have chains constructed of alternately.arranged silicon and oxy.en atoms with organic groups attached to the silicon atoms, which are the most important silicon-containing poly.ers so far.

关键词：聚乙烯热性质功能组氢化硅烷化