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Low-FODMAP vs regular rye bread in irritable bowel syndrome:Randomized SmartPill~ study

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第11期24卷 1259-1268页

作者： Laura Pirkola Reijo Laatikainen Jussi Loponen Sanna-Maria Hongisto Markku Hillila Anu Nuora Baoru Yang Kaisa M Linderborg riitta Freese Division of Nutrition Department of Food and Environmental SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinki FI-00790Finland Fazer Group/Fazer Bakeries Ltd Vantaa FI-01230Finland Medical Faculty PharmacologyMedical Nutrition PhysiologyUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinki FI-00290Finland Clinic of Gastroenterology University of Helsinki and Helsinki UniversityHospital JorviEspoo FI-02740Finland Food Chemistry and Food Development Department of BiochemistryUniversity of TurkuTurku FI-20014Finland

AIM To compare the effects of regular vs low-FODMAP rye bread on irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) symptoms and to study gastrointestinal conditions with Smart Pill?.METHODS Our aim was to evaluate if rye bread low in FODMAPs would cause reduced hydrogen excretion,lower intraluminal pressure,higher colonic p H,different transit times,and fewer IBS symptoms than regular rye *** study was a randomized,double-blind,controlled cross-over meal *** IBS patients(n = 7) ate study breads at three consecutive meals during one *** diet was similar for both study periods except for the FODMAP content of the bread consumed during the study *** p H,transit time,and pressure were measured by Smart Pill,an indigestible motility *** Hydrogen excretion(a marker of colonic fermentation) expressed as area under the curve(AUC)(0-630 min) was [median(range)] 6300(1785-10800) ppm?min for low-FODMAP rye bread and 10 635(4215-13080) ppm?min for regular bread(P = 0.028).Mean scores of gastrointestinal symptoms showed no statistically significant differences but suggested less flatulence after low-FODMAP bread consumption(P = 0.063).Intraluminal pressure correlated significantly with total symptom score after regular rye bread(ρ = 0.786,P = 0.036) and nearly significantly after lowFODMAP bread consumption(ρ = 0.75,P = 0.052).We found no differences in p H,pressure,or transit times between the *** residence of Smart Pill was slower than *** Pill left the stomach in less than 5 h only during one measurement(out of 14 measurements in total) and therefore did not follow on par with the rye bread *** Low-FODMAP rye bread reduced colonic fermentation vs regular rye *** difference was found in median values of intraluminal conditions of the gastrointestinal tract.

关键词： Colonic pressure FODMAP Irritable bowel syndrome Rye Wireless motility capsule Symptom severity

Stool antigen tests in the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection before and after eradication therapy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第46期11卷 7340-7344页

作者： Lea Veijola Eveliina Myllyluoma riitta Korpela Hilpi Rautelin Department of Bacteriology and ImmunologyHaartman Institute University of Helsinkiand Malmi HospitalHelsinkiFinland Institute of BiomedicinePharmacology University of Helsinkiand Foundation for Nutrition ResearchHelsinkiFinland Institute of BiomedicinePharmacology University of Helsinkiand Valio Ltd. Research CentreHelsinkiFinland Department of Bacteriology and ImmunologyHaartman Institute University of Helsinkiand HUSLABHelsinki University Central Hospital LaboratoryHelsinkiFinland

Aim： To evaluate two enzyme immunoassay-based stool antigen tests, Premier Platinum HpSA and Amplified IDEIA HpStAR, and one rapid test, ImmunoCard SLAT! HpSA, in the primary diagnosis of Helicobacter pylon （H pylori） infection and after eradication therapy. METHODS： Altogether 1 574 adult subjects were screened with a whole-blood H pylori antibody test and positive results were confirmed with locally validated serology and ^13C-urea breath test. All 185 subjects, confirmed to be H pylori positive, and 97 H pylorinegative individuals, randomly selected from the screened study population and with negative results in serology and UBT, were enrolled. After eradication therapy the results of 182 subjects were assessed. RESULTS： At baseline, the sensitivity of HpSA and HpStARwas 91.9% and 96.2%, respectively, and specificity was 95.9% for both tests. ImmunoCard had sensitivity of 93.0% but specificity of only 88.7%. After eradication therapy, HpSA and HpStAR had sensitivity of 81.3% and 100%, and specificity of 97.0% and 97.6%, respectively. ImmunoCard had sensitivity of 93.8% and specificity of 97.0%. HpSA, HpStAR, and ImmunoCard had PPV 77%, 80%, and 75%, and NPV 98%, 100%, and 99%, respectively. CONCLUSION： In primary diagnosis, the EIA-based tests performed well. After eradication therapy, negative results were highly accurate for all the three tests. HpStAR had the best overall performance.

关键词： Diagnosis Feces Helicobacter pylori Therapy

Elevated pro-inflammatory and lipotoxic mucosal lipids characterise irritable bowel syndrome

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第48期15卷 6068-6074页

作者： Kajsa Kajander Eveliina Myllyluoma Sinikka Kyrnpalo Martin Rasmussen Pentti Sipponen Ismo Mattila Tuulikki Seppnen-Laakso Heikki Vapaatalo Matej Orei riitta Korpela Institute of Biomedicine PharmacologyUniversity of Helsinki Valio Ltd Research Centre Tampere Health Centre and Department of Medicine Tampere City Hospital Department of Pathology Jorvi HospitalHelsinki University Central Hospital VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Foundation for Nutrition Research

AIM： To investigate the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome （IBS） by comparing the global mucosal metabolic profiles of IBS patients with those of healthy controls. METHODS： Fifteen IBS patients fulfilling the Rome II criteria, and nine healthy volunteers were included in the study. A combined lipidomics （UPLC/MS） and metabolomics （GC × GC-TOF） approach was used to achieve global metabolic profiles of mucosal biopsies from the ascending colon. RESULTS： Overall, lipid levels were elevated in patients with IBS. The most significant upregulation was seen for pro-inflammatory lysophosphatidylcholines. Other lipid groups that were significantly upregulated in IBS patients were lipotoxic ceramides, glycosphingolipids, and di-and triacylglycerols. Among the meo tabolites, the cyclic ester 2（3H）-furanone was almost 14-fold upregulated in IBS patients compared to healthy subjects （P = 0.03）. CONCLUSION： IBS mucosa is characterised by a distinct pro-inflammatory and lipotoxic metabolic profile. Especially, there was an increase in several lipid species such as lysophospholipids and ceramides.

关键词： Functional gastrointestinal diseases Irritable bowel syndrome Histopathology

Impact of nurse staffing on reducing infant, neonatal and perinatal mortality rates: Evidence from panel data analysis in 35 OECD countries

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International Journal of Nursing Sciences 2020年第2期7卷 161-169页

作者： Arshia Amiri Katri Vehviläinen-julkunen Tytti Solankallio-Vahteri Sirpa Tuomi School of Health and Social Studies JAMK University of Applied SciencesJyväskyläFinland Department of Nursing Science University of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland

Objectives:To investigate the magnitude of effect nurse staffing had on decreasing the newborn mortality rates in member countries of Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD).Methods:The statistical technique of panel data analysis was applied to explore the possibility of association between the number of nurses'density per 1,000 population and infant,neonatal and perinatal mortality rates(IMR,NMR and PMR)per 1000 *** observations of 35 OECD countries were collected over the period of 2000 through ***:There were significant associations between nurse staffing and IMR,NMR and PMR i.e.a 1%increase in nurse-staffing level reduced IMR,NMR and PMR by 0.98%,0.97%and 0.96%,***,the role of nursing-related services in declining the average of newborn mortality rates were investigated at the highest level in Slovenia(-5.50),Sweden(-3.34),Iceland(-2.51),Czech Republic(-1.86),Japan(-1.64)and Finland(-1.64).Moreover,if the current relationship between nursestaffing level and newborn mortality rates are disturbed with nursing shortage(*** Slovak Republic and Israel),then it takes about 17 years for the mortality rates to reduce and restore back to the previous ***:A higher proportion of nurses'density per 1,000 population is associated with lower newborn mortality *** addition,the nursing-related services of Slovenia,Sweden,Iceland,Czech Republic,Japan and Finland with the highest impact on improving the health level of newborns would be good patterns for other developed countries in maternity and child health care.

关键词： Health manpower Infant mortality Nursing staff Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Perinatal mortality

Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity of TiO2 Nanofibers and Their Flexible Composite Films： Decomposition of Organic Dyes and Efficient H2 Generation from Ethanol-Water Mixtures

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Nano Research 2011年第4期4卷 360-369页

作者： Ming-Chung Wu Andras Sapi Anna Avila Maria Szabo Jussi Hiltunen Mika Huuhtanen Geza Toth Akos Kukovecz Zoltan Konya riitta Keiski Wei-Fang Su Heli Jantunen Krisztian Kordas Department of Electrical and Information Engineering University of Oulu P.O. Box 4500 FI-90014 University of Oulu Finland Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry University of Szeged 6720 Szeged Rerrich Bela ter 1 Hungary Department of Process and Environmental Engineering P.O. Box 4300 F1-90014 University of Oulu Finland Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei 106-17 Taiwan China

TiO2 nanofibers decorated with Pt and Pd nanoparticles have been synthesized and studied in various photocatalytic processes. Excellent photocatalytic behavior in the decomposition of organic dyes in water, degradation of organic stains on the surface of flexible freestanding cellulose/catalyst composite films and in generation of hydrogen from ethanol using both suspended and immobilized catalysts are demonstrated. The performance of the nanofiber-based TiO2 materials is competitive with and in some cases outperforms--their conventional nanoparticle-based counterparts. In all cases, Pd-decorated TiO2 nanoparticles and nanofibers proved to be more efficient than their Pt-based counterparts, which could be explained on the basis of the formation of nano-sized Schottky interfaces at the contacts between TiO2 and metal nanoparticles. The feasibility of forming cellulose/catalyst composites provides a novel way of utilizing photocatalyst materials in large-area coatings and freestanding films.

关键词： TiO2 photocatalyst metal-decorated TiO2 nanowires H2 generation oxidation of organic dyes

Local corticosterone production and angiotensin-Ⅰconverting enzyme shedding in a mouse model of intestinal inflammation

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第35期21卷 10072-10079页

作者： Hanne Salmenkari Tomi Issakainen Heikki Vapaatalo riitta Korpela Faculty of Medicine PharmacologyUniversity of Helsinki

AIM: To investigate local corticosterone production and angiotensin-Ⅰ converting enzyme(ACE) protein expression and their interaction in healthy and inflamed ***: Acute intestinal inflammation was induced to six weeks old male Balb/c mice by administration of either 3% or 5% dextran sodium sulfate(DSS) in drinking water for 7 d(n = 12 in each group). Healthy controls(n = 12) were given tap water. Corticosterone production and ACE protein shedding were measured from ex vivo incubates of the small and large intestine using EIA and ELISA, respectively. Morphological changes of the intestinal wall were assessed in hematoxylin-eosin stained tissue preparations of jejunum and distal colon. Effects of angiotensin Ⅱ, captopril and metyrapone on corticosterone production was assessed by incubating pieces of small intestine of healthy mice in the presence of 0.1, 1 or 10 μmol/L angiotensin Ⅱ, 1, 10 or 100 μmol/L captopril or 1, 10 or 100 μmol/L metyrapone solutions and measuring corticosterone released to the incubation buffer after 90 min(n = 5 in each group).RESULTS: Both concentrations of DSS induced inflammation and morphological changes in large intestines but not in small intestines. Changes were observed as distortions of the crypt structure, mucosal erosion, immune cell infiltration to the mucosa and submucosal edema. Ex vivo corticosterone production(2.9 ± 1.0 ng/mL vs 2.0 ± 0.8 ng/mL, P = 0.034) and ACE shedding(269.2 ± 97.1 ng/m L vs 175.7 ± 52.2 ng/mL, P = 0.016) were increased in small intestines in 3% DSS group compared to the controls. In large intestine, corticosterone production was increased compared to the controls in both 3% DSS(229 ± 81 pg/mL vs 158 ± 30 pg/mL, P = 0.017) and 5% DSS groups(366 ± 163 pg/mL vs 158 ± 30 pg/mL, P = 0.002). Large intestine ACE shedding was increased in 5% DSS group(41.5 ± 9.0 ng/mL vs 20.9 ± 5.2 ng/mL, P = 0.034). Angiotensin Ⅱ treatment augmented corticosterone production in small intestine at concentration of 1

关键词： Dextran sodium sulfate Inflammation Angiotensin-I

Local Intestinal ACE-Like Activity and Corticosterone Production in Hypertensive and Aging Rats

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2018年第1期9卷 27-37页

作者： Hanne Salmenkari Mervi Holappa Aino Siltari riitta Korpela Heikki Vapaatalo Medical Faculty Pharmacology University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland

The renin angiotensin system (RAS) participates in inflammatory processes, as either a pro-inflammatory or an anti-inflammatory mediator. Components of RAS, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), have been detected locally in the gut epithelium. In addition, the anti-inflammatory steroid, corticosterone, is produced in the gut. Hypertension and aging evoke a low-grade inflammatory process in the vascular endothelium. It is not known whether they induce a similar low-grade inflammation in the intestine and if the low-grade inflammation would evoke an activation of ACE and an elevation of corticosterone production. These two variables were measured in ileum and colon of 9- and 26-week old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and their normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WK) controls. ACE-activity, measured via the formation of histidyl-leucine from hippuryl-histidyl-leucine in the tissue homogenate samples, was similar in the ileum and colon of young animals although the ileum of the young normotensive animals displayed the lowest level. In the old animals, the ACE activity was higher in the ileum than in the colon, especially in normotensive rats. Corticosterone production was measured as corticosterone concentration in the supernatants of ileum or colon after a 90-min ex vivo incubation. Corticosterone production was higher in ileum than in colon in both SHR and WK. No clear evidence was seen for age-dependency or for an effect of hypertension in the measured variables in the intestine. Thus, the putative low-grade inflammation in the intestine in aging or hypertension is not a strong enough stimulus to elevate corticosterone production or activate ACE.

关键词： Intestine ACE Corticosterone Hypertension Aging

Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus downregulates FCER1 and HRH4 expression in human mast cells

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第6期17卷 750-759页

作者： Anna Oksaharju Matti Kankainen Riina A Kekkonen Ken A Lindstedtt Petri T Kovanen riitta Korpela Minja Miettinen Wihuri Research Institute VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Biosystems Modelling Valio Ltd Research Centre University of Helsinki Institute of BiomedicineMedical Nutrition Physiology National Institute for Health and Welfare Department of Vaccines and Immune Protection

AIM:To investigate the effects of four probiotic bacteria and their combination on human mast cell gene expression using microarray ***:Human peripheral-blood-derived mast cells were stimulated with Lactobacillus rhamnosus (***) GG (LGG),*** Lc705 (Lc705),Propionibacterium freudenreichii *** JS (PJS) and Bifidobacterium animalis *** Bb12 (Bb12) and their combination for 3 or 24 h,and were subjected to global microarray analysis using an Affymetrix GeneChip Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 *** gene expression differences between unstimulated and bacteria-stimulated samples were further analyzed with GOrilla Gene Enrichment Analysis and Visualization Tool and MeV Multiexperiment ***:LGG and Lc705 were observed to suppress genes that encoded allergy-related high-affinity IgE receptor subunits α and γ (FCER1A and FCER1G,respectively) and histamine H4 ***,Lc705 and the combination of four probiotics had the strongest effect on the expression of genes involved in mast cell immune system regulation,and on several genes that encoded proteins with a pro-inflammatory impact,such as interleukin (IL)-8 and tumour necrosis factor *** genes that encoded proteins with anti-inflammatory functions,such as IL-10,were ***:Certain probiotic bacteria might diminish mast cell allergy-related activation by downregulation of the expression of high-affinity IgE and histamine receptor genes,and by inducing a pro-inflammatory response.

关键词： Probiotic bacteria Mast cells Microarray Allergy IgE receptor

Effects of Dietary and Physical Activity Intervention during Pregnancy on Circulating Leptin and Adiponectin Levels

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2012年第4期3卷 556-567页

作者： Leena Hilakivi-Clarke Sonia de Assis Jani Raitanen riitta Luoto Lombardi Cancer Center Georgetown University Washington DC USA UKK Institute for Health Promotion Tampere Finland

Objective: We investigated whether lifestyle intervention during pregnancy modifies pregnancy leptin and adiponectin levels, adipokines and their association with body mass index (BMI). Methods: Of the 126 pregnant nulliparous women recruited, 43 in the intervention and 56 in the control group completed the study. Blood samples were collected on gestation weeks 8 - 10 (baseline) and weeks 36 - 38 (end of the intervention). Statistical analyses included group-based correlations between adipokines, pre-pregnancy BMI and gestational weight gain and covariance analysis including all confounding factors. Results: Pre-pregnancy BMI correlated with baseline (p = 0.023 and p = 0.079) and end leptin levels (p = 0.128 and p < 0.001). Similarly, gestational weight gain correlated with both baseline (p = 0.009 and p = 0.046) and end leptin levels (p = 0.065 and p = 0.011). BMI at the end of pregnancy correlated with the end leptin levels, but the correlation was weaker in the control (p = 0.043) than intervention women (p < 0.001). Control women having the highest pre-pregnancy BMI tended to exhibit the lowest increase in leptin levels during pregnancy (p = 0.10), whilst in the intervention group, women who had the highest pre-pregnancy BMI exhibited the highest increase in pregnancy leptin (p = 0.058). In covariance analysis including all covariates change in leptin was associated with gestational weight gain (p = 0.036), but change in adiponectin was not (p = 0.93). Conclusions: In contrast to the control group, women in the life-style intervention group exhibited a stronger association between gestational weight gain and leptin levels, indicating that they maintained insulin sensitivity.

关键词： Leptin Adiponectin Pregnancy Randomized Trial