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Global land mapping of satellite-observed CO_(2)total columns using spatio-temporal geostatistics

International Journal of Digital Earth 2017年第4期10卷 426-456页

作者： Zhao-Cheng Zeng Liping Lei Kimberly Strong Dylan B.A.Jones Lijie Guo Min Liu Feng Deng Nicholas M.Deutscher Manvendra K.Dubey David W.T.Griffith Frank Hase Bradley Henderson rigel kivi Rodica Lindenmaier Isamu Morino Hirofumi Ohyama Christof Petri Ralf Sussmann Voltaire A.Velazco Paul O.Wennberg Hui Lin Institute of Space and Earth Information Science The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongPeople’s Republic of China Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital EarthChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingPeople’s Republic of China Department of Physics University of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada Institute of Environmental Physics(IUP) University of BremenBremenGermany School of Chemistry University of WollongongWollongongAustralia Los Alamos National Laboratory Los AlamosNMUSA Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research(IMK-ASF)Germany FMI Arctic Research Center SodankyläFinland National Institute for Environmental Studies(NIES) TsukubaIbarakiJapan Earth Observation Research Center Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency(JAXA)Tsukuba-cityIbarakiJapan Karlsruhe Institute of Technology IMK-IFUGarmisch-PartenkirchenGermany California Institute of Technology PasadenaCAUSA Department of Geography and Resource Management The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongPeople’s Republic of China PNNL RichmondWA 99352USA. The Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory Nagoya UniversityJapan

This study presents an approach for generating a global land mapping dataset of the satellite measurements of CO_(2)total column(XCO_(2))using spatio-temporal geostatistics,which makes full use of the joint spatial and temporal dependencies between *** mapping approach considers the latitude-zonal seasonal cycles and spatio-temporal correlation structure of XCO_(2),and obtains global land maps of XCO_(2),with a spatial grid resolution of 1°latitude by 1°longitude and temporal resolution of 3 *** evaluate the accuracy and uncertainty of the mapping dataset in the following three ways:(1)in cross-validation,the mapping approach results in a high correlation coefficient of 0.94 between the predictions and observations,(2)in comparison with ground truth provided by the Total Carbon Column Observing Network(TCCON),the predicted XCO_(2)time series and those from TCCON sites are in good agreement,with an overall bias of 0.01 ppm and a standard deviation of the difference of 1.22 ppm and(3)in comparison with model simulations,the spatio-temporal variability of XCO_(2)between the mapping dataset and simulations from the CT2013 and GEOS-Chem are generally *** generated mapping XCO_(2)data in this study provides a new global geospatial dataset in global understanding of greenhouse gases dynamics and global warming.

关键词： XCO_(2) ACOS-GOSAT Spatio-temporal geostatistics global mapping geospatial dataset

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Monitoring Greenhouses Gases over China Using Space-Based Observations Monitoring Greenhouses Gases over China Using Space-Based Observations

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Journal of Geodesy and Geoinformation Science 2020年第4期3卷 14-24页

作者： Hartmut BOESCH Yi LIU Paul I PALMER Johanna TAMMINEN Jasdeep S ANAND Zhaonan CAI Ke CHE Huilin CHEN Xi CHEN Liang FENG Janne HAKKARAINEN Pauli HEIKKINEN Nikoleta KALAITZI rigel kivi Robert PARKER Peter SOMKUTI Jing WANG Alex WEBB Dongxu YANG Lu YAO You YI Department of Physics and Astronomy University of LeicesterLeicester LE17RHUK National Centre for Earth Observation NCEO University of LeicesterLeicester LE14UK Key Laboratory of the Middle Atmosphere and Global Environmental Observation Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100010China School of GeoSciences University of EdinburghEdinburgh EH23UK National Centre for Earth Observation NCEO University of EdinburghEdinburgh EH23UK Finnish Meteorological Institute HelsinkiFinland Groningen University Groningen 9711Netherlands

The atmospheric carbon dioxide(CO 2)concentration has increased to more than 405 parts per million(ppm.1 ppm=10-6 m/s 2)in 2017 due to human activities such as deforestation,land-use change and burning of fossil *** there is broad scientific consensus on the damaging consequences of the change in climate associated with increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases,fossil CO 2 emissions have continued to increase in recent years mainly from rapidly developing economies and China is now the largest emitter of CO 2 generating about 30%of all emissions *** allow more reliable forecast of the future state of the carbon cycle and to support the efforts for mitigation greenhouse gas emissions,a better understanding of the global and regional carbon budget is ***-based measurements of CO 2 can provide the necessary observations with dense coverage and sampling to provide improved constrains on of carbon fluxes and *** Chinese Global Carbon Dioxide Monitoring Scientific Experimental Satellite(TanSat)was established by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China with the main objective of monitoring atmospheric CO 2 and CO 2 fluxes at the regional and global *** has been successfully launched in December 2016 and as part of the Dragon programme of ESA and the Ministry of Science and Technology(MOST),a team of researchers from Europe(UK and Finland)and China has evaluated early TanSat data and contrast it against data from the GOSAT mission and *** this manuscript,we report on retrieval intercomparisons of TanSat data using two different retrieval algorithms,on validation efforts for the Eastern Asia region using GOSAT CO 2 data and first assessments of TanSat and GOSAT CO 2 data against model calculations using the GEOS-Chem model.

关键词： carbon cycle spectroscopy satellite remote sensing

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The Great Pretenders Among the ULX Class

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2017年第6期17卷 129-136页

作者： Dimitris M. Christodoulou Silas G. T. Laycock Demosthenes Kazanas rigel Cappallo Ioannis Contopoulos Lowell Center for Space Science and Technology University of Massachusetts Lowell Lowell MA 01854 USA Department of Mathematical Sciences University of Massachusetts Lowell Lowell MA 01854 USA Department of Physics & Applied Physics University of Massachusetts Lowell Lowell MA 01854 USA NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Laboratory for High-Energy Astrophysics Code 663 Greenbelt MD 20771 USA Research Center for Astronomy and Applied Mathematics Academy of Athens Athens 11527 Greece National Research Nuclear University Moscow 115409 Russia

The recent discoveries of pulsed X-ray emission from three ultraluminous X-ray （ULX） sources have finally enabled us to recognize a subclass within the ULX class： the great pretenders, neutron stars （NSs） that appear to emit X-ray radiation at isotropic luminosities Lx = 7 × 10^39 erg s-1 _ 1 ×10^41 erg s-i only because their emissions are strongly beamed toward our direction and our sight lines are offset by only a few degrees from their magnetic-dipole axes. The three known pretenders appear to be stronger emitters than the presumed black holes of the ULX class, such as Holmberg II ＆ IX X-1, IC10 X-1 and NGC 300 X-1. For these three NSs, we have adopted a single reasonable assumption, that their brightest observed outbursts unfold at the Eddington rate, and we have calculated both their propeller states and their surface magnetic-field magnitudes. We find that the results are not at all different from those recently obtained for the Magellanic Be/X-ray pulsars： the three NSs reveal modest magnetic fields of about 0.3-0.4TG and beamed propeller-line X-ray luminosities of 1036 - 1037 erg s-1, substantially below the Eddington limit.

关键词： accretion, accretion disks - stars magnetic fields - stars neutron - X-rays binaries -X-rays individual (M82 X-2, NGC 7793 P13, NGC 5907 ULX-1)

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Thermal Activation of Asymetrical Composites for Vibration Control

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Modern Mechanical Engineering 2013年第3期3卷 1-8页

作者： Axel Imbert Gildas L’Hostis David rigel rigel Fabrice Laurent Bernard Durand Centre Technique des Industrie Mécanique Centre Recherche Matériaux Textiles Mulhouse France fabrice.laurent@uha.fr Laboratoire de Physiques et Mécanique Ecole Nationale d’Ingénieur de Sud Alsace Mulhouse France Laboratoire de Physiques et Mécanique Ecole Nationale d’Ingénieur de Sud Alsace Mulhouse France Laboratoire de Physiques et Mécanique Ecole Nationale d’Ingénieur de Sud Alsace Mulhouse France Centre Technique des Industrie Mécanique Centre Recherche Matériaux Textiles Mulhouse France

The CBCM (Controlled Behaviour Composite Material) is a thermal active composite, which has been developed for morphing applications. The thermal activation is made by a source of heating generated within the composite structure. The coupling between the induced thermal field and the thermomechanical properties of the various components of the composite structure leads to the change of the structure shape. The heat source is generated by Joule effect, Carbon yarns inserted in the composite, are connected to a power supply. The application field of CBCM technology is the domain of shape modification and active assembly. The objective of this work is to illustrate the capabilities of CBCM in the domain of vibration control. We will study several reference plates with different constitution. The influences of these different constitutions, of the CBCM effect and the loss of stiffness for the matrix will be highlighted, for two boundary conditions, free/free and embedded/embedded.

关键词： Composite Material Vibration Control Smart Materials Active Structure

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Dk值和RGP镜片性能关系的再思考

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眼视光学杂志 2000年第2期2卷 69-71页

作者： JohnL.Schachet LeeE.rigel KevinM.Reeder ThomansM.Hixson DavidW.Hansen SusanConnelly FCLSA 成颖 FCLSA 美国科罗拉多州单位不详

目的 :探讨高 Dk值的硬性透氧性角膜接触镜 ( RGP)镜片是否有较好的配戴性能。方法 :在六个独立的临床诊所进行双盲试验 ,以对照三种 RGP的材料 :Paragon HDS( Dk=5 8) ,Boston ( Dk=31)和 Boston ES( Dk=2 6 .3) ,33位受试者完成了实... 详细信息

目的 :探讨高 Dk值的硬性透氧性角膜接触镜 ( RGP)镜片是否有较好的配戴性能。方法 :在六个独立的临床诊所进行双盲试验 ,以对照三种 RGP的材料 :Paragon HDS( Dk=5 8) ,Boston ( Dk=31)和 Boston ES( Dk=2 6 .3) ,33位受试者完成了实验。每位受试者均分别配戴三种 (副 )不同 RGP镜片 ,每种镜片配戴 30天。配戴的第二周和第四周进行随访 ,并完成问卷 ,根据其习惯戴用的镜片性能评价 RGP镜片。结果 :配戴 ParagonHDS镜片四周后 ,受试者的角膜染色较少 ,认为图像非常清晰的人数平均值和中值最大。对 Paragon HDS镜片非常满意的人数最多 ,并且症状最少 ,最不需要清洗。 Paragon HDS镜片的泪膜破裂时间的中值最高 ,沉淀物的平均值最低。结论 :Paragon HDS镜片和市场上现行的低

关键词： RGP镜片透氧性配戴性能 Dk值

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(Photore juvenation)强脉冲光子非剥脱嫩肤技术

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中国美容医学 2001年第3期10卷 208-209,F003页

作者： MarkS.Nestor M.D. Ph.D.DavidJ.Goldberg M.D. MitchelP.Goldman M.D. RobertA.Weiss M.D. DarrellS.rigel M.D. 彭国红武汉夏普兰楚天医疗激光制造有限公司武汉430074

皮肤衰老现象主要缘于日光照射后产生的紫外线(UV)对皮肤组织结构,如胶原组织和弹性纤维的破坏.同样,皮肤表面的改变受基因、人体内在因素以及疾病变化(如酒渣鼻等)的影响,而且随着年龄增长,皮肤也逐步失去弹性.许多人在日常生活和娱乐... 详细信息

皮肤衰老现象主要缘于日光照射后产生的紫外线(UV)对皮肤组织结构,如胶原组织和弹性纤维的破坏.同样,皮肤表面的改变受基因、人体内在因素以及疾病变化(如酒渣鼻等)的影响,而且随着年龄增长,皮肤也逐步失去弹性.许多人在日常生活和娱乐中长期暴露于日光下,随着臭氧层的变薄和其它诸多因素的影响,在越来越多年轻人群中也出现了因年龄、损伤或病变引起的可见斑记.

关键词：强脉冲光子嫩肤术激光去皱 IPL 光疗法

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皮肤黑色素瘤的早期诊断:回顾ABCD标准

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（皮肤病学分册） 2005年第4期1卷 4-4页

作者： Abbasi N.R. Shaw H.M. rigel D.S. D. Polsky Ronald O. Perelman 田中伟 Dept. Dermatol. New York Univ. School of Medicine 550 First Ave (H-100) New York NY 10016 United States Dr.

Context: The incidence of cutaneous melanoma has increased over the past several decades, making its early diagnosis a continuing public health priority. The ABCD (Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color variegation, Diameter > 6 mm) acronym for the appraisal of cutaneous pigmented lesions was devised in 1985 and has been widely adopted but requires reexamination in light of recent data regarding the existence of small-diameter (≤6 mm) melanomas. Evidence Acquisition: Cochrane Library and PubMed searches for the period 1980-2004 were conducted using search terms ABCD and melanoma and small-diameter melanoma. Bibliographies of retrieved articles were also used to identify additional relevant information. Evidence Synthesis: Available data do not support the utility of lowering the diameter criterion of ABCD from the current greater than 6 mm guideline. However, the data support expansion to ABCDE to emphasize the significance of evolving pigmented lesions in the natural history of melanoma. Physicians and patients with nevi should be attentive to changes (evolving) of size, shape, symptoms (itching, tenderness), surface (especially bleeding), and shades of color. Conclusions: The ABCD criteria for the gross inspection of pigmented skin lesions and early diagnosis of cutaneous melanoma should be expanded to ABCDE (to include "evolving"). No change to the existing diameter criterion is required at this time.

关键词：黑色素瘤 ABCD 早期诊断病灶直径自然发展过程 Cochrane 色素性色素沉着性参考书目诊断标准

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