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The Use of GIS and Google Earth for Preliminary Site Selection of Groundwater Recharge in the Azraq Oasis Area—Jordan

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2012年第6期4卷 395-399页

作者： rida al-adamat Department of Surveying Engineering Faculty of Engineering Al Al-Bayt University Mafraq Jordan

Groundwater is considered to be the major water resource for many areas and the only source of water in some areas in Jordan. Some of Jordan groundwater resources are presently exploited at maximum capacity and in some cases are exploited beyond there safe yield. One of the efficient ways to fight the deficit in groundwater resources is through recharging the water tables naturally or artificially. This research aimed to select the optimum sites for groundwater recharge in the Azraq Oasis area/Jordan through the use of GIS techniques. The selection criteria were based on slope, drainage density, lineament density within the study area. The adopted selection technique was the Boolean techniques (Multiplication) within a Raster GIS. Thirty five sites were selected within the study area with areas vary between 5.2 ha to 273.5 ha. The total area that has the potential for groundwater recharge is 1659.5 ha which represents ca. 3.55% of the study area.

关键词： GIS Groundwater Recharge Jordan Azraq Oasis

A Simplified Method for the Assessment of Groundwater Vulnerability to Contamination

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2017年第3期9卷 305-321页

作者： rida al-adamat Abdel al-Rahman al-Shabeeb Department of GIS and Remote Sensing Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences Al al-Bayt University Mafraq Jordan

In this study, an attempt was made to develop a new simplified groundwater vulnerability to contamination index (SGVI). Nine experts in the fields of groundwater, surface water, soil, landuse and GIS were interviewed to develop the new index. They were asked to agree on new parameters that could be used to investigate groundwater vulnerability. Data about such parameters must be affordable and inexpensive. Subsurface parameters were excluded due to the fact that most researchers might not have adequate data about them. The experts agreed that depth to groundwater, soil texture, lineament density, rainfall, topographic slope, drainage density and landuse/land cover parameters should be included in the new vulnerability index. The experts were also asked to give a weight and the ratings for each parameter. The weights given by the experts were subjected to AHP analysis to determine the exact weight for each parameter. An area of 3200 km2 in the northern part of Jordan was selected to test the SGVI. The final map of the SGVI showed that most of the area (more than 96%) had moderate-low and moderate-high vulnerability to contamination. The new index was also subjected to statistical analysis, map removal test and map removal sensitivity analysis. The outcomes of these analyses showed that the new index was applicable and could be used in areas where subsurface data was limited or not available.

关键词： SGVI Groundwater Vulnerability Contamination AHP

The Impact of Za’atari Refugee Camp on the Water Quality in Amman-Zarqa Basin

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2015年第1期6卷 16-24页

作者： Sura al-Harahsheh rida al-adamat Seraj Abdullah Institute of Earth and Environmental Science Al Al-Bayt University Mafraq Jordan Department of Surveying Engineering Faculty of Engineering Al Al-Bayt University Mafraq Jordan

Za’atari camp is the largest refugee camp in Jordan. It was first established in 2012 to host Syrian refugees. Currently the camp hosts more than 81,000 refugees, with no proper sanitary system which might pose a major threat to surface resources in the area. An investigation was done at Za’atari refugees’ camp to find the impact of refugees settling on surface and groundwater quality. Surface water quality of surface runoff generated from thirty rain fall events were collected during the winter season of 2013/2014 from the major Wadi that passes through the camp and small ponds within the camp after the rainfall event. The collected samples were analyzed for acidity (pH), the electrical connectivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), nutrients (NO3- and PO43-) and selected heavy metals (Mn, Cd, Zn, Pb and Ni) in addition to biological oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and intestinal worms (Total Coliform, E. cali). The results showed that there are significant variations in the EC as well as with TDS between the sites due to fluctuating amounts of water used for different activities within the camp as it was highest in the center of the camp where most of the refugees settle decreasing away from the center. The pH values were within the specifications of the World Health Organization and the Jordanian Standards. For nutrients, nitrate concentration was low with high phosphate ions which are most probably from detergents origin.

关键词： Jordan Refugee Za’atari Camp Amman-Zarqa Basin Heavy Metals

AHP with GIS for a Preliminary Site Selection of Wind Turbines in the North West of Jordan

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International Journal of Geosciences 2016年第10期7卷 1208-1221页

作者： Abdel Rahman al-Shabeeb rida al-adamat Atef Mashagbah Department of Geographic Information Systems and Remote Sensing Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences Al Al-Bayt University Mafraq Jordan

The aim of this study was to identify potential sites for wind turbine in the North West of Jordan. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used in a novel approach to identify the potential sites for the wind turbine in the study area based on five physical criteria (Wind Speed, Rainfall, Slope, altitude and Land use) that affect the wind turbine sites. The importance of each criterion was based on experts’ opinions. The ratings for each criterion were based on the available literature review. The consistency ratio between the experts’ opinions was evaluated using the pairwise comparison method and a final weight was computed for each criterion. A wind turbine suitability map was generated using the weighted linear combination (WLC) method within GIS environment. It was found that 45% of the study area has high and very high suitability for wind turbine. In conclusion, this research will contribute to the enhancement of the available renewable energy resources in Jordan if the selected sites will be utilized for wind turbine.

关键词： GIS AHP Site Selection Wind Turbine Jordan

GIS and Remote Sensing to Investigate Urban Growth in Mafraq City/Jordan between 1987 and 2010

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Journal of Geographic Information System 2012年第4期4卷 377-382页

作者： Atef al Mashagbah rida al-adamat Hani al-Amoush Department of Surveying Engineering Faculty of Engineering Al Al-Bayt University Mafraq Jordan Institute of Earth and Environmental Science Al Al-Bayt University Mafraq Jordan

The spatial, temporal and spectral characteristics of the remote sensing data are effectively used in land use and land cover change mapping, hence helping in decision making for sustainable land resource management. The aim of the study is to map urbanization growth using satellite imagery, Google imagery and GIS in Mafraq city/North Jordan. Landsat imageries of 1987, 2005 and Google Earth (GeoEye-1) imagery of 2010 were used in GIS environment to map the change in the urbanization at Mafraq city. Maximum likelihood algorithm of supervised classification was used to delineate two land use and land cover classes for the study area, namely: populated areas and non-populated areas from 1987 and 2005 imageries. On-Screen digitizing was adopted on Google Earth (GeoEye-1) imagery of 2010 to map the populated areas. The main change observed for the time period of 1987-2010 was that the urbanized areas have increased approximately by 7.14 km2 (approximately 23% of the study area). The population density within the study area has increased from approximately 965 inhabitants per *** in 1987 to 1808 inhabitants per sq·km in 2005 and reached 2146 inhabitants per sq·km in 2010. The increase in the populated area within Mafraq city has impacted the surface hydrology runoff which leads to diverting some Wadis to avoid passing through the city centre. also, the increase in urbanization in Mafraq city has put more pressures on the waste water treatment plant and solid waste dumpsite that serve Mafraq city.

关键词： Jordan Mafraq Urban Growth GIS Remote Sensing Google Earth

A Multi-Resolution Photogrammetric Framework for Digital Geometric Recording of Large Archeological Sites: Ajloun Castle-Jordan

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International Journal of Geosciences 2016年第3期7卷 425-439页

作者： A’kif al-Fugara rida al-adamat Yahya al-Shawabkeh Omar al-Kour Abdel Rahman al-Shabeeb Department of Surveying Engineering Faculty of Engineering Al al-Bayt University Mafraq Jordan Department of GIS and Remote Sensing Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences Al al-Bayt University Mafraq Jordan Queen Rania Institutes of Tourism & Heritage The Hashemite University Zarqa Jordan Geographic Information Systems and Maps Department of Human Sciences and Technology Community College Taibah University Medina KSA

The generation of reality-based 3D models of archeological sites is the future of representing existing ancient structures. Such approach requires substantial economic and logistical costs which limit this application. In this context, this paper presents the use of photogrammetric workflow, based on Structure from Motion techniques (SfM) to derive 3D metric information from Structure-and-Motion images. The interdisciplinary 3D modeling framework consists of fusion of multi resolution images from both overlapped low-altitude aerial and multi-view terrestrial imagery. The acquisition of aerial photographs survey was based on archived oblique aerial stereo pair photos acquired from the Aerial Photographic Archive for Archaeology in the Middle East (APAAME) project, while terrestrial of close range photos covering the castle walls has been acquired using portable camera. Camera calibration and orientation were carried out by VisualSFM, CMPMVS (Multi-View Reconstruction) and SURE (Photogrammetric Surface Reconstruction from Imagery) software. The resulted cloud points were processed using cloud Compare, MeshLab, Agisoft, and Skethup Softwares. A complete 3D digital geometric recording of the site was accomplished based on dense 3D point clouds with realistic metric accuracy and photorealistic performance to meet all the surveying and archaeological needs. The final Ajloun castle’s digital model geometry was added as a 3D building layer on Google Earth.

关键词： Ajloun Castle 3D Modeling SFM Terrestrial Images Aerial Photos Archaeological Documentation Photogrammetry

Integration of Aeromagnetic Data and Landsat Imagery for Structural Analysis Purposes: A Case Study in the Southern Part of Jordan

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Journal of Geographic Information System 2013年第3期5卷 198-207页

作者： Hani al Amoush Nezar Hammouri Mohammed al Farajat Elias Salameh Abdullah Diabat Mohammed Hassoneh rida al-adamat al al-Bayt University Mafraq Jordan

In this study, different digital format data sources including aeromagnetic and remotely sensed (Landsat ETM+) data were used for structural and tectonic interpretation of the southern part of Jordan. Aeromagnetic data were analyzed using advanced processing techniques (Spectral analysis, deconvolution). The aeromagnetic interpretation was carried out using the analytical signal, horizontal gradient, vertical gradient, Euler deconvolution. The results were improved by the study of enhanced Landsat ETM+ images and correlated with the extracted surface lineaments. Two main lineament sets are observed in the study area. The major lineaments strike NW-SE, NE-SW and the minor E-W. General coincidence of both landsat and aeromagnetic lineaments trends were observed in the study area, which reflecting the real continuous fractures in the depth. The 3D Euler solution of the study area shows that the depth of the magnetic source body ranges from hundreds of meters to more than 3000 m in the middle northern part of the study area. The combined interpretation of aeromagnetic data and Landsat ETM+, added several significant structural elements, that were previously unrecognized from the separate interpretations of aeromagnetic and remotely sensed data.

关键词： Landsat TM Aeromagnetic Euler Deconvolution Lineaments Horizontal Gradients Analytical Signal

Geophysical and Hydrological Investigations of the Northern Wadis Area of Azraq Basin for Groundwater Artificial Recharge Purposes

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International Journal of Geosciences 2016年第5期7卷 744-760页

作者： Hani al-Amoush Abdel Rahman al-Shabeeb Saad al-Ayyash rida al-adamat Majed Ibrahim A’kif al-Fugara Jaafar Abu Rajab Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences Al al-Bayt University Mafraq Jordan Faculty of Engineering Al al-Bayt University Mafraq Jordan Natural Resources Faculty Hashemite University Zarqa Jordan

Geophysical study and watershed hydrological delineation have been integrated at downstream of alasra dam site Norh Azraq area to investigate their potential for artificial groundwater recharge. The total surface area of the watershed was found to be about 195 square kilometers. The estimated annual runoff volumes for the alasra watershed ranged between 1.2 and 1.8 MCM. Moreover, the interpretation of Ten Time Domain Electromagnetic (TDEM) soundings suggested three principal subsurface layers. The top surface layer has an intermediate resistivity (90 - 110 Ohm·m) with a thickness ranging from a few meters to around 50 m. This layer was interpreted as superficial deposits. The second subsurface layer with variably high resistivity values is composed of unsaturated massive basalt layer and probably belongs to Madhala Olivine Phyric Basalt Formation (MOB). The large variations in resistivity could be ascribed to the degree of water saturation (as a result of groundwater recharge from the nearby harvested water dam), or lithological variations (clay content) and/or due to structural control. The third subsurface layer has low resistivity values (·m to 40 Ω·m) and was found at a depth ranging from 120 to 150 m. This layer could represent a saturated basalt layer with high clay contents. The subsurface structures and major faults have been identified. Based on the results of this study, a combination of surface and subsurface artificial groundwater recharge techniques is highly recommended.

关键词： TDEM Groundwater Recharge alasra Hydrogeophysics Azraq Jordan

The Combination of Indigenous Knowledge and Geo-Informatics for Water Harvesting Siting in the Jordanian Badia

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Journal of Geographic Information System 2012年第4期4卷 366-376页

作者： rida al-adamat Saad alAyyash Hani al-Amoush Odeh al-Meshan Zahir Rawajfih Akram Shdeifat Adnan al-Harahsheh Mohammed al-Farajat al al-Bayt University Mafraq Jordan Jordan Badia Research Programme Amman Jordan Jordan University for Science and Technology Irbid Jordan Mutah University Karak Jordan

Jordan is located in an arid to semi arid region where around 90% of its land receives an average annual precipitation of less than 100 mm while only 3% of the land receives an average annual precipitation of 300 mm or more. Jordan is characterised as a “water scarce” country because the current per capita share of water is estimated to be of the order of 140 m3 per year which is well below the 1000 m3 threshold. Rainwater harvesting is the accumulating and storing, of rainwater. It has been used to provide drinking water, water for livestock, water for irrigation or to refill aquifers as a groundwater recharge. GIS has been widely used in selecting the best sites for water harvesting schemes. This research aims at selecting optimum sites for water harvesting schemes in the Jordan arid lands (Badia) using indigenous knowledge and geo-informatics. To achieve this aim, a community-based research and desktop investigating is applied. The community-based research focused on consulting with 200 stakeholders form local communities where they provided knowledge on opportunities and constrains form their experience on water management in the arid lands where they live and interact. also they provided information on potential location for water collecting sites that has been used for ages to provide water to humans and livestock. On the other hand, desktop research is conducted on sitting criteria for water harvesting based on physical and socio-economic characteristics. The physical criteria include rainfall volumes, slope, distance to water courses (wadis), distance form geologic faults and soil texture, where socio-economic criteria include distance to groundwater wells, distance to urban area, distance to agriculture activities and distance to international brooders. This selecting criterion in combination with indigenous knowledge is used within GIS environment to identify optimum sites for water harvesting. GIS analysis resulted in identifying 118 potential sites. Of t

关键词： GIS Indigenous Knowledge Water Harvesting Arid Lands Jordan