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evaluation of fatty acid metabolism and innate immunity interactions between commercial broiler, F1 layer × broiler cross and commercial layer strains selected for different growth potentials

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2018年第1期9卷 156-166页

作者： Nicky-Lee Willson Rebecca e.A.Forder rick G.Tearle Greg S.Nattrass Robert J.Hughes Philip I.Hynd School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences The University of Adelaide The Australian Poultry and Cooperative Research Centre University of New England Davies Research Centre School of Animal and Veterinary SciencesThe University of Adelaide South Australian Research and Development Institute(SARDI) Livestock and Farming Systems South Australian Research and Development Institute(SARDI) Pig and Poultry Production Institute

Background： The broiler industry has undergone intense genetic selection over the past 50 yr. resulting in improvements for growth and feed efficiency, however, significant variation remains for performance and growth traits. Production improvements have been coupled with unfavourable metabolic consequences, including immunological trade-offs for growth, and excess fat deposition. To determine whether interactions between fatty acid（FA） metabolism and innate immunity may be associated with performance variations commonly seen within commercial broiler flocks, total carcass lipid %, carcass and blood FA composition, as wel as genes involved with FA metabolism, immunity and cel ular stress were investigated in male birds of a broiler strain, layer strain and F1 layer × broiler cross at d 14 post hatch. Heterophil：lymphocyte ratios, relative organ weights and bodyweight data were also ***： Broiler bodyweight（n = 12） was four times that of layers（n = 12） by d 14 and had significantly higher carcass fat percentage compared to the cross（n = 6; P = 0.002） and layers（P = 0.017） which were not significantly different from each other（P = 0.523）. The carcass and whole blood FA analysis revealed differences in the FA composition between the three groups indicating altered FA metabolism, despite al being raised on the same diet. Genes associated with FA synthesis andβ-oxidation were upregulated in the broilers compared to the layers indicating a net overal increase in FA metabolism,which may be driven by the larger relative liver size as a percentage of bodyweight in the broilers. Genes involved in innate immunity such as TLR2 and TLR4, as wel as organel e stress indicators eRN1 and XBP1 were found to be nonsignificant, with the exception of high expression levels of XBP1 in layers compared to the cross and broilers. Additional y there was no difference in heterophil： lymphocytes between any of the ***： The results provide evidence that genetic selecti

关键词： Broiler Cel ular stress Fatty acid metabolism Innate immunity Layer Selection

The vaginal and fecal microbiomes are related to pregnancy status in beef heifers

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2020年第1期11卷 58-70页

作者： Feilong Deng Maryanna McClure rick Rorie Xiaofan Wang Jianmin Chai Xiaoyuan Wei Songjia Lai Jiangchao Zhao Department of Animal Science Division of AgricultureUniversity of ArkansasFayettevilleARUSA Farm Animal Genetic Resources exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina Special Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources and Drug Development Research Center for Medicine and BiologyZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina.

Background:The greatest impact on profitability of a commercial beef operation is ***,in beef heifers,little is known about the vaginal and fecal microbiota with respect to their relationship with *** this end,we followed heifers through gestation to examine the dynamics of vaginal and fecal microbial composition throughout ***:Heifers were exposed to an estrus synchronization protocol,observed over a 12-day period,artificially inseminated 12 h to 18 h after observed estrus,and subsequently exposed to bulls for a 50-day breeding *** samples were taken at pre-breeding(n=72),during the first(n=72),and second trimester(n=72)for all individuals,and third trimester for individuals with confirmed pregnancies(n=56).Fecal samples were taken at prebreeding(n=32)and during the first trimester(n=32),including bred and open *** generation sequencing of the V4 region of the 16 S rRNA gene via the Illumina Mi Seq platform was applied to all *** indices and the number of observed bacterial features were the same in fecal ***,significant differences in vaginal microbiome diversity between gestation stages were *** differences in beta-diversity were detected in vaginal or fecal samples regarding pregnancy status,but such differences were seen with fecal microbiome over *** Forest was developed to identify predictors of pregnancy status in vaginal(e.g.,Histophilus,Clostridiaceae,Campylobacter)and fecal(e.g.,Bacteroidales,Dorea)***:Our study shows that bovine vaginal and fecal microbiome could be used as biomarkers of bovine *** experiments are needed to validate these biomarkers and to examine their roles in a female’s ability to establish pregnancy.

关键词： Beef cattle Pregnancy Random forest Reproduction Vaginal microbiome

Photochemistry of Styrene Oxide: A Triplet Pathway in the Singlet excitation of a Monoaryl Oxirane

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International Journal of Organic Chemistry 2017年第3期7卷 263-268页

作者： Benny e. Aney Heiko Ihmels rick C. White Department of Chemistry Sam Houston State University Huntsville TX USA University of Siegen Siegen Germany

Direct photolysis and quenching experiments with styrene oxide support the existence of an efficient triplet photochemical pathway to benzyl radical formation. Similar photolytic behavior for styrene glycol carbonate strongly supports the 1,3-diradical, resulting from the scission of the benzylic C-O bond, as the geometric source of the triplet pathway. Primary photoproducts were determined by both NMR and HPLC analysis and we observed that toluene and bibenzyl were both primary photoproducts, not secondary photoproducts.

关键词： Photochemistry Oxiranes Cyclic Carbonate esters Mechanisms

Spatiotemporal Cattle Data—A Plea for Protocol Standardization

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Positioning 2013年第1期4卷 115-136页

作者： Dean M. Anderson rick e. estell Andres F. Cibils Department of Animal and Range Sciences New Mexico State University Las Cruces USA United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Las Cruces USA

It was not until the end of the 1990’s that animal born satellite receivers catapulted range cattle ecology into the 21st century world of microchip technology with all of its opportunities and challenges. With the global navigation satellite system (GNSS), insight about how cattle use a landscape is being revealed from previously unknown temporal and spatial behaviors. The most common system to date for studying ungulate movement is the global positioning system (GPS). With its use has come a clarity and completeness in documenting spatial and temporal data in new and exciting ways that offer almost unlimited possibilities to better understand and manage economic and societal returns from animal dominated landscapes. However, its use on free-ranging cattle is not without challenges, some of which are yet to be optimally solved. To maximize the usefulness of GNSS data, consideration must be given to: 1) developing a standardized protocol for reporting and analyzing research that facilitates interpretation of results across different ecosystems;2) develop optimum ranges over which to collect satellite fixes depending upon the particular behaviors of interest;and 3) concurrently develop electronic hardware and equipment platforms that are easily deployed on animals and that are light, robust, and can be worn by cattle for extended periods of time without human intervention (e.g., changing batteries). Once data are collected, appropriate geographic information system (GIS) based models should be used to produce a series of products that can be used to implement flexible management strategies, some of which may support methodologies that are yet to be commercialized and adopted into future plant-animal interface management routines.

关键词： Cattle Behavior Animal Tracking GPS

Nanostructured Materials for energy Storage Applications

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Nanostructured Materials for Energy Storage Applications

Boosting energy-storage capability in carbon-based supercapacitors using low-temperature water-in-salt electrolytes

ICAM Workshop Physics of Novel energy Materials

作者： rick e.Williford Gordon L.Graff Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

Recent developments on nano-technology have provided new momentum on the exploration of the high energy density materials. Our recent progresses on the effect of nano-structured materials on the performance of Li-ion ...

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Journal of energy Chemistry 2022年第7期31卷 521-530,I0013页

作者： Joao Pedro A.Santos Manuel J.Pinzón érick A.Santos Rafael Vicentini Cesar J.B.Pagan Leonardo M.Da Silva Hudson Zanin Brazilian Renewable energies Center for Innovation on New EnergiesSchool of Electrical and Computer EngineeringUniversity of CampinasSao Paulo 13083-852Brazil Department of Semiconductors Instruments and PhotonicsSchool of Electrical and Computer EngineeringUniversity of CampinasSao Paulo 13083-852Brazil Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied electrochemistry Department of ChemistryFederal University of Jequitinhonha e Mucuri’s ValleyMinas Gerais 39100-000Brazil

Supercapacitors(SCs) are high-power energy storage devices with ultra-fast charge/discharge *** using concentrated aqueous-based electrolytes can work at low temperatures due to their intrinsic properties, such as higher freezing point depression(FPD) and robustness. Besides the traditional organic-and aqueous-based(salt-in-water) electrolytes used in SCs, water-in-salt(WISe) sodium perchlorate electrolytes offer high FPD, non-flammability, and low-toxicity conditions, allowing the fabrication of safer, environmentally friendly, and more robust devices. For the first time, this work reports a comprehensive study regarding WISe system’s charge-storage capabilities and physicochemical properties under low-temperature conditions(T esoporous carbon-based electrodes. The effect of temperature reduction on the electrolyte viscosity and electrical properties was investigated using different techniques and the in-situ(or operando) Raman spectroscopy under dynamic polarization *** cell voltage, equivalent series resistance, and specific capacitance were investigated as a function of the temperature. The cell voltage(U) increased ~ 50%, while the specific capacitance decreased ~20%when the temperature was reduced from 25 ℃ to -10 ℃. As a result, the maximum specific energy(e = CU^(2)/2) increased ~ 100%. Therefore, low-temperature WISes are promising candidates to improve the energy-storage characteristics in SCs.

关键词： Carbon supercapacitors Water-in-salt electrolytes Low-temperature charge-storage Specific energy improvement at low temperatures

The effects of a Complex Training Protocol on Vertical Jump Performance in Male High School Basketball Players

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Journal of Sports Science 2014年第1期2卷 21-26页

作者： Dan Roden rick Lambson Mark DeBeliso Snow Canyon Middle Sehool St. George UT84770 USA Department of Physical education and Human Performance Southern Utah University Cedar City UT 84720 USA

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of CT （complex training） on VJ （vertical jump）. It was hypothesized that VJ height would be enhanced through CT and even greater increases would occur as a result of higher intensity resistance exercise. Twenty male high school basketball players were divided into two training groups： a H1 （high intensity）, low repetition group and a medium intensity, HR （high repetition） group. each training group trained twice per week for six weeks. Training protocols involved three sets of 8-10 squat repetitions （80%-85% 1RM （repetition maximum）） for the HI group followed by ten countermovement jumps and thre.e sets of 12-15 squat repetitions （60%-70% 1RM） for the HR group followed by ten countermovement jumps. A three minute rest period was utilized between each set. Participants were tested at weeks 1, 3, and 6. The results of this study revealed that there was not a significant difference between the two CT protocols with respect to VJ （p = 0.077）. At week 6 both groups increased VJ significantly; HI group （4.0 ±1.8 cm, p 〈 0.01） and the HR group （2.7 ± 1.6 cm, p 〈 0.01）. Within the parameters of this study CT with either HI or HR protocols are effective at improving VJ.

关键词： Complex training postactivation potentiation vertical jump resistance training plyometric training.

Assessment of the Neurological Activation in Law enforcement under High Threat Situations: A Fuzzy Logic Approach

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World Journal of Neuroscience 2023年第1期13卷 67-89页

作者： Daniel Fonseca Isaac Heim rick Houser Ryan Cook John O’Donnell Department of Mechanical engineering The University of Alabama Tuscaloosa USA Department of educational Studies in Psychology Research Methodology and Counseling The University of Alabama Tuscaloosa USA

This paper discusses a law enforcement officer (LeO) study that involved expert and novice police deputies from a small-sized city located in the Southern U.S. A virtual reality range was utilized to simulate high threat scenarios that require split second decisions on the use of deadly force. A fuzzy-logic based controller was constructed to analyze electroencephalogram (eeG) data collected from the participants. The fuzzy controller made use of several functions associated with the different regions of the brain to correlate Brodmann areas to multiple outputs. electromagnetic Tomography (i.e. LOReTA) was used to identify where the signals from the surface electrodes originated within the brain through a process called source localization. Once the sources of the eeG signals were located, they were associated with corresponding Brodmann areas. The fuzzy controller then provided insights on the subjects’ exhibited neural activation behavior indicative of vision, memory, shape/distance, hearing/sound, and theory of mind. Comparing and contrasting experienced and novice officers allowed for a greater understanding of the neurological processes present in police deputies when dealing with high threat situations.

关键词： Neurological Activation eeG Fuzzy Controller Brain electromagnetic Tomography

Vegetated treatment area (VTAs) efficiencies for e. coli and nutrient removal on small-scale swine operations

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2018年第2期6卷 153-164页

作者： R.Daren Harmel Rehanon Pampell Terry Gentry Doug R.Smith Chad Hajda Kevin Wagner Patti K.Smith rick L.Haney Kori D.Higgs USDA-ARS 2150Centre Ave.Bldg.DSuite340Fort CollinsCO80526USA Texas A&M AgriLife Research 720E.Blackland RoadTempleTX76502USA Soil and Crop Sciences Dept. Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX77843USA USDA-ARS 808E.Blackland RoadTempleTX76502USA Oklahoma State University 139Ag HallStillwaterOK74078USA Biological and Agricultural engineering Dept. Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX77843USA

As small-scale animal feeding operations work to manage their byproducts and avoid regulation, they need practical, cost-effective methods to reduce environmental impact. One such option is using vege-tative treatment areas (VTAs) with perennial grasses to treat runoff;however, research is limited on VTA effectiveness as a waste management alternative for smaller operations. This study evaluated the effi-ciencies of VTAs in reducing bacteria and nutrient runoff from small-scale swine operations in three counties in Central Texas. Based on 4 yr of runoff data, the Bell and Brazos VTAs significantly reduced loads and concentrations of e. coli and nutrients (except NO3-N) and had treatment efficiencies of 73–94%. Most notably, the Bell VTA reduced loads of e. coli, NH4-N, PO4-P, total N, and total P similar to that of the background (control). In spite of significant reductions, runoff from the Brazos VTA had higher concentrations and loads than the control site, especially following installation of concrete pens and increased pen washing, which produced standing water and increased e. coli and nutrient influx. The Robertson VTA produced fewer significant reductions and had lower treatment efficiencies (29–69%);however, e. coli and nutrient concentrations and loads leaving this VTA were much lower than observed at the Bell and Brazos County sites due to alternative solids management and enclosed pens. Based on these results and previous research, VTAs can be practical, effective waste management alternatives for reducing nutrient and bacteria losses from small-scale animal operations, but only if properly designed and managed.

关键词： Bacteria Nutrients Swine manure Waste management Water quality