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Geospatial Analysis of Urban Heat Island Effects and Tree Equity

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Open Journal of Forestry 2024年第1期14卷 1-18页

作者： Jillian Gorrell Sharon R. Jean-Philippe Paul D. Ries Jennifer K. richards Neelam C. Poudyal Rochelle Butler School of Natural Resources University of Tennessee 203 Third Creek Building Knoxville Tennessee USA

In recent decades, Urban Heat Island Effects have become more pronounced and more widely examined. Despite great technological advances, our current societies still experience great spatial disparity in urban forest access. Urban Heat Island Effects are measurable phenomenon that are being experienced by the world’s most urbanized areas, including increased summer high temperatures and lower evapotranspiration from having impervious surfaces instead of vegetation and trees. Tree canopy cover is our natural mitigation tool that absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis, protects humans from incoming radiation, and releases cooling moisture into the air. Unfortunately, urban areas typically have low levels of vegetation. Vulnerable urban communities are lower-income areas of inner cities with less access to heat protection like air conditioners. This study uses mean evapotranspiration levels to assess the variability of urban heat island effects across the state of Tennessee. Results show that increased developed land surface cover in Tennessee creates measurable changes in atmospheric evapotranspiration. As a result, the mean evapotranspiration levels in areas with less tree vegetation are significantly lower than the surrounding forested areas. Central areas of urban cities in Tennessee had lower mean evapotranspiration recordings than surrounding areas with less development. This work demonstrates the need for increased tree canopy coverage.

关键词： Spatial Analysis Land Cover Urban Heat Island Effect (UHIE) Evapotranspiration Tree Canopy Impervious Surface GIS Prediction Model GIS Machine Learning

Tropical Climates May Be Suitable for Endangered Desert Tortoise Exhibits, Rescues, Adoptions

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2023年第3期13卷 364-378页

作者： Emily richards John Nogawski Research Division AWAKE Community Los Angeles USA

Governmental, educational, environmental and other nonprofit organizations have placed efforts on conservation action for the threatened Mojave desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii). While federal and state institutions have focused on the desert tortoise in its native habitat of the southwestern United States, there are other conservation groups whose work has been dedicated to the rescue, rehabilitation, rescue, placement and adoption of the desert tortoise in civilian homes and neighborhoods as well as sanctuaries, reserves and exhibits. AWAKE Community (AWAKE), a nonprofit organization dedicated to natural wildlife habitats and endangered species, has focused its research on desert tortoises in captivity. The California Turtle and Tortoise Club (CTTC), the official adoption arm of California’s Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW), has provided instruction on methods of care for desert tortoises raised in captivity including housing, feeding, sexing, health and hibernation for both adults and hatchlings. AWAKE’s research has been aimed at benefiting and supplementing the guidelines provided by CTTC, specifically for coastal climates. AWAKE’s research has also aimed to provide insight to be considered for expanding adoption possibilities to other locations, specifically tropical climates, as adoption needs for desert tortoises have increased. This manuscript presents an analysis of one coastal and one tropical climate that can serve as a basis for: 1) understanding and evaluating climate in both existing and potential habitats for desert tortoise adoptions, rescues and exhibits, 2) providing insight and special instruction for desert tortoise adoptions in coastal communities, and 3) expanding awareness around desert tortoise needs in captivity.

关键词： Desert Tortoise Mojave Desert Tortoise Gopherus agassizii Tortoise Adoptions Threatened Species Endangered Species Desert Tortoises in Captivity Desert Tortoise Climate

Preliminary attempt to distinguish the domesticated pigs from wild boars by the methods of carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis

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Science China Earth Sciences 2009年第1期52卷 85-92页

作者： Michael P.richards Department of Human Evolution Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary AnthropologyDeutscher Platz 6D-04103LeipzigGermany

Despite great achievements in the origins of domestic pigs made by the methods of zooarchaeology and molecular biology,how to scientifically distinguish the domesticated pigs from wild boars during the early stage of pig domestication is still poorly *** to wild boar's diets which come from the natural environment,the diets of domestic pigs are more easily influenced by human feeding ***,in principle,exploration of the dietary differences among pigs and understanding the impact on pig diets fed by humans can have great potential to differentiate between wild boars and domesticated *** reveal dietary differences among pigs and distinguish the domesticated pigs from wild boars based on comparison with the diets of humans and other animals,we analyzed the carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes of human bones from Xiaojingshan Site and animal bones from Yuezhuang Site,both of which belong to Houli Culture in Shandong Province and date to about 8500―7500 years *** mean δ 13C value((-17.8 ± 0.3)‰) and δ 15N value((9.0±0.6)‰) in human collagen indicate that although millet agriculture began it was not the main subsistence strategy as millets are typical of C4 plants and that humans made a living mainly by gathering,hunting or raising some domesticated *** δ 13C value(-16.1‰) and δ 15N value(6.9‰) in the bovine suggest that C3 plants were dominant in its diet with some C4 plants *** fish has lower δ 13C value(-24.9‰) and higher δ 15N value(8.8‰) than the bovine,which is the characteristic of the isotopic values from Eurasian freshwater *** on the differences in carbon and nitrogen isotope values,the pigs can be divided into three groups.A group,composed of two pigs,has low δ 13C values(-18.1‰,-20.0‰) and low δ 15N values(4.7‰,6.0‰).B group,only one pig,has the highest δ 13C value(-10.6‰) and mediate δ 15N value(6.4‰).As for the C group,also only one pig,low δ 13C value(-19.0‰) and the highest δ 15N value(9.1‰

关键词： origins of domestic pigs early stage of domestication differentiation of domesticated pigs from wild boars carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis millet agriculture

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Epidemic time series similarity is related to geographic distance and age structure

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2022年第4期7卷 690-697页

作者： Tad A.Dallas Grant Foster Robert L.richards Bret D.Elderd Department of Biological Sciences University of South CarolinaColumbiaSC29208USA Department of Biological Sciences Louisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLA70802USA

Objective:More similar locations may have similar infectious disease *** is clear overlap in putative causes for epidemic similarity,such as geographic distance,age structure,and population *** compare the effects of these potential drivers on epidemic similarity compared to a baseline assumption that differences in the basic reproductive number(R0)will translate to differences in epidemic ***:Using COVID-19 case counts from United States counties,we explore the importance of geographic distance,population size differences,and age structure dissimilarity on resulting epidemic ***:We find clear effects of geographic space,age structure,population size,and R0 on epidemic similarity,but notably the effect of age structure was stronger than the baseline assumption that differences in R0 would be most related to epidemic ***:Together,this highlights the role of spatial and demographic processes on SARS-CoV2 epidemics in the United States.

关键词： Epidemic similarity SARS-CoV2 Age structure Distance decay

Latest lattice results for baryon spectroscopy

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Chinese Physics C 2010年第9期34卷 1281-1285页

作者： D.G.richards Jefferson Laboratory 12000 Jefferson Avenue Suite #1Newport NewsVA 23606USA

Theoretical and computational advances have enabled not only the masses of the ground states,but also some of the low-lying excited states to be calculated using Lattice Gauge *** this talk,I look at recent progress aimed at understanding the spectrum of baryon excited states,including both baryons composed of the light u and d quarks,and of the heavier quarks.I then describe recent work aimed at understanding the radiative transitions between baryons,and in particular the N-Roper transition.I conclude with the prospects for future calculations.

关键词： Lattice QCD spectroscopy hadronic physics.

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The Coming Of The King

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语数外学习(初中版) 2023年第10期 44-46页

作者： Laura E.richards

一天，几个孩子正在游乐场玩耍的时候，一个传令官骑着马穿城而过，鸣号呐喊：“国王！国王陛下今天打此路过，准备迎驾！”孩子们停止了游戏，你瞅瞅我，我瞅瞅你。“你们听见了吧？国王要来了。他没准会看到墙里面，瞧见我们的游乐场...

一天，几个孩子正在游乐场玩耍的时候，一个传令官骑着马穿城而过，鸣号呐喊：“国王！国王陛下今天打此路过，准备迎驾！”孩子们停止了游戏，你瞅瞅我，我瞅瞅你。“你们听见了吧？国王要来了。他没准会看到墙里面，瞧见我们的游乐场；谁知道呢。反正咱们得把这里收拾整齐。”

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来源：博看期刊

Migrants Spilling over Borders:The Long View

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Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences 2019年第1期12卷 27-44页

作者： Eric richards Flinders University AdelaideAustralia

Today one of the most polarising problems across the developed world,the first world,is the movement of apparently uncontrollable millions of people over *** fears that these torrents of people induce are profound and now invade virtually all political agendas in Europe,America and *** movement of relatively poor people towards the affluent countries is a universal phenomenon,the source of anxiety and radical policies to stop up the *** migration is not new一the long history of Europe is one of the waves of invading populations,partly colonising,partly conquering,partly displacing― ver many *** was mainly intra-continental migration though some of it echoed later *** the early nineteenth century,there was a vital change in scale,reach and velocity of this migratory *** migration out of Western Europe rose rapidly after 1820 and became mass international *** was a prototype of modem mass migration,and it originated in the British Isles,the source and dynamic of the socalled *** process then appeared to replicate across Europe in the following 80 *** was also the model for the same process across the world during the next century and its present day *** paper explores some of the origins of mass international migration and its repercussions.

关键词： International Migration History Origins Mechanisms Repercussions

Optical molecular imaging for detection of Barrett's-associated neoplasia

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第1期17卷 53-62页

作者： Nadhi Thekkek Sharmila Anandasabapathy Rebecca richards-Kortum Department of Bioengineering Rice UniversityHoustonTX 77005United States Division of Gastroenterology Mount Sinai Medical CenterNew YorkNY 10029United States

Recent advancements in the endoscopic imaging of Barrett's esophagus can be used to probe a wide range of optical properties that are altered with neoplastic *** review summarizes relevant changes in optical properties as well as imaging approaches that measures those ***-field imaging approaches include narrow-band imaging that measures changes in light scattering and absorption,and autofluorescence imaging that measure changes in endogenous ***-resolution imaging approaches include optical coherence tomography,endocytoscopy,confocal microendoscopy,and high-resolution *** technologies,some coupled with an appropriate contrast agent,can measure differences in glandular morphology,nuclear morphology,or vascular alterations associated with *** in targeted contrast agents are further *** that have explored these technologies are highlighted;as are the advantages and limitations of each.

关键词：分子成像肿瘤检测光学性能成像方法成像测量自体荧光断层扫描光学相干

Lipolysis supports bone formation by providing osteoblasts with endogenous fatty acid substrates to maintain bioenergetic status

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Bone Research 2023年第4期11卷 876-894页

作者： Ananya Nandy Ron C.M.Helderman Santosh Thapa Shobana Jayapalan Alison richards Nikita Narayani Michael P.Czech Clifford J.Rosen Elizabeth Rendina-Ruedy Department of Medicine Division of Clinical PharmacologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTN 37232USA Program in Molecular Medicine University of Massachusetts Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMA 01605USA Maine Medical Center Research Institute ScarboroughMEUSA Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTN 37232USA

Bone formation is a highly energy-demanding process that can be impacted by metabolic *** has been considered the principal substrate for osteoblasts,although fatty acids are also important for osteoblast ***,we report that osteoblasts can derive energy from endogenous fatty acids stored in lipid droplets via lipolysis and that this process is critical for bone *** such,we demonstrate that osteoblasts accumulate lipid droplets that are highly dynamic and provide the molecular mechanism by which they serve as a fuel source for energy generation during osteoblast *** cytoplasmic lipolysis leads to both an increase in lipid droplet size in osteoblasts and an impairment in osteoblast *** fatty acids released by lipolysis from these lipid droplets become critical for cellular energy production as cellular energetics shifts towards oxidative phosphorylation during nutrient-depleted *** vivo,conditional deletion of the ATGL-encoding gene Pnpla2 in osteoblast progenitor cells reduces cortical and trabecular bone parameters and alters skeletal lipid ***,our data demonstrate that osteoblasts store fatty acids in the form of lipid droplets,which are released via lipolysis to support cellular bioenergetic status when nutrients are *** in this process result in impairment of bone formation,specifically reducing ATP production and overall osteoblast function.

关键词： endogenous maintain osteoblast

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