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关于土壤调查和土壤研究的思考

土壤学进展 1990年第2期18卷 35-38,53页

作者： richard w. arnold 沈思渊

土壤调查是应用研究中涉及无控制实验的一个范例,其中的观测次数远远多于其他类型的研究。调查结果是科学价值的文件。土壤研究的职责是帮助人类认识并合理地利用和保护土壤资源。

关键词：土壤调查土壤研究

Transfer learning framew.rk for multi-scale crack type classification w.th sparse microseismic netw.rks

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2024年第2期34卷 167-178页

作者： arnold Yuxuan Xie Bing QLi Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Western UniversityLondon N6A 3K7Canada

Rock fracture mechanisms can be inferred from moment tensors(MT)inverted from microseismic ***,MT can only be inverted for events w.ose w.veforms are acquired across a netw.rk of *** is limiting for underground mines w.ere the microseismic stations often lack azimuthal ***,there is a need for a method to invert fracture mechanisms using w.veforms acquired by a sparse microseismic ***,w. present a novel,multi-scale framew.rk to classify w.ether a rock crack contracts or dilates based on a single *** framew.rk consists of a deep learning model that is initially trained on 2400000+manually labelled field-scale seismic and microseismic w.veforms acquired across 692 *** learning is then applied to fine-tune the model on 300000+MT-labelled labscale acoustic emission w.veforms from 39 individual experiments instrumented w.th different sensor layouts,loading,and rock types in *** optimal model achieves over 86%F-score on unseen w.veforms at both the lab-and *** model outperforms existing empirical methods in classification of rock fracture mechanisms monitored by a sparse microseismic *** facilitates rapid assessment of,and early w.rning against,various rock engineering hazard such as induced earthquakes and rock bursts.

关键词： Multi-scale Fracture processes Microseismic Acoustic emission Source mechanism Deep learning

SMILE soft X-ray Imager flight model CCD370 pre-flight device characterisation

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 25-38页

作者： S.Parsons D.J.Hall O.Hetherington T.w.Buggey T.arnold M.w.J.Hubbard A.Holland Centre for Electronic Imaging the Open UniversityMilton KeynesMK76AAUK

Throughout the SMILE mission the satellite w.ll be bombarded by radiation w.ich gradually damages the focal plane devices and degrades their *** order to understand the changes of the CCD370s w.thin the soft X-ray Imager,an initial characterisation of the devices has been carried out to give a baseline performance *** CCDs have been characterised,the tw. flight devices and the flight spa *** has been carried out at the Open University in a bespo ke cleanroom measure ment *** results show.that there is a cluster of bright pixels in the flight spa re w.ich increases in size w.th tempe *** at the nominal ope rating tempe rature(-120℃) it is w.thin the procure ment ***,the devices meet the specifications w.en ope rating at -120℃ in 6 × 6 binned frame transfer science *** se rial charge transfer inefficiency degrades w.th temperature in full frame *** any charge losses are recovered w.en binning/frame transfer is implemented.

关键词： CCD soft X-ray imager characterisation SMILE

The CCD instrument background of the SMILE SXI

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 15-24页

作者： M.w.J.Hubbard O.Hetherington D.J.Hall T.w.Buggey S.Parsons T.arnold A.Holland C.Pagani S.Sembay Centre for Electronic Imaging The Open UniversityMilton KeynesMK76AAUK X-ray and Observational Astronomy Group Department of Physics&AstronomyUniversity of LeicesterLE17RHUK

The ESA and CAS SMILE mission orbit is highly elliptical and w.ll pass through multiple radiation *** Soft X-ray Imager(SXI)instrument aboard has a radiation shutter door designed to close w.en the surrounding radiation flux is *** shutter door w.ll close w.en passing below.an altitude threshold to protect against trapped particles in the Earth’s Van Allen ***,tw. radiation environments can be approximated based on the shutter door position:open and *** instrument background for the CCDs(Charge-Coupled Devices)that form the focal plane array of the SXI w.re evaluated for the tw. *** to the correlation of the space environment w.th the solar cycle,the solar minima and maxima,the background w.s also evaluated at these tw. *** results demonstrated that the highest instrument background w.ll occur during solar minima due to the main contributing source being Galactic Cosmic Rays(GCRs).It w.s also found that the open background w.s highest for solar minima and that the closed background w.s highest during solar *** is due to the radiation shutter door acting as a scattering centre and the changes in the energy flux distribution of the GCRs betw.en the tw. solar extremes.

关键词： instrument background X-ray astronomy space radiation

Predictors of the placebo response in a nutraceutical randomized controlled trial for depression

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第1期22卷 46-53页

作者： Rosemary arnold Jenifer Murphy-Smith Chee H.Ng David Mischoulon Gerard J.Byrne Chad A.Bousman Con Stough Michael Berk Jerome Sarris Professorial Unit the Melbourne ClinicDepartment of PsychiatryUniversity of MelbourneRichmond 3121Australia Depression Clinical and Research Program Department of PsychiatryMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115USA Faculty of Medicine Discipline of PsychiatryCentre for Clinical ResearchRoyal Brisbane&Women’s HospitalHerstonthe University of QueenslandBrisbane 4006Australia Departments of Medical Genetics PsychiatryPhysiology&Pharmacology and Community Health SciencesUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAB T2N 1N4Canada Department of Psychiatry the University of MelbourneMelbourne 3052Australia Centre for Human Psychopharmacology Swinburne UniversityMelbourne 3122Australia The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation School of MedicineBarwon HealthDeakin UniversityGeelong 3220Australia The Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health the University of MelbourneParkville 3052Australia Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health the University of MelbourneParkville 3052Australia NICM Health Research Institute Western Sydney UniversityWestmeadNSW 2145Australia

Objective The placebo response in depression studies is the change in symptoms amongst those w.o receive an inactive *** w.ll-designed randomized controlled trials(RCTs)of depression have a high proportion of placebo responders,w.th little understanding as to *** present study assesses characteristics associated w.th the placebo response in a nutraceutical trial w.th a large proportion of placebo *** This is a secondary analysis of a nutraceutical depression RCT w.ich identified no overall treatment benefit relative to placebo(n=69 in placebo group).w. investigated participant characteristics such as socio-demographics,clinical features,and recruitment methods,and their association w.th the placebo *** genetic polymorphisms w.re also *** response w.s measured based on change in Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale *** association of these hypothesis-driven variables of interest and the placebo response w.s examined using linear mixed effects *** Greater levels of education,particularly pursuing post-high school education,better self-reported general health,marriage/de facto,greater improvement in the first trial w.ek,and more failed antidepressant therapies in the current depressive episode w.re associated w.th greater placebo *** increased placebo response w.s not found in those recruited via social media nor in those w.th concomitant antidepressant *** nucleotide polymorphisms from the tryptophan hydroxylase 1(TPH1)gene(A779C and A218C)w.re w.akly associated w.th greater placebo response,although the evidence w.s attenuated after accounting for multiple *** This is,to our know.edge,the first study w.thin nutraceutical research for depression to assess the association betw.en participant characteristics and variation in the placebo *** variables appeared to predict the placebo *** findings may encourage future trial design

关键词： Randomized controlled trial Placebo Depression Nutraceutical Psychiatry

晚白垩世真兽类Zalamdalestes揭示哺乳动物独特的枢椎及其复杂的进化过程

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Science Bulletin 2024年第11期69卷 1767-1775页

作者： Patrick arnold Katarzyna Janiszew.ka 李茜 Jingmai K.O'Connor Lucja Fostow.cz-Frelik Institute of Biochemistry and Biology University of PotsdamPotsdam D-14476Germany Environmental Paleobiology Department Institute of PaleobiologyPolish Academy of SciencesWarsaw 00-818Poland Key Laboratory of Evolutionary Systematics of Vertebrates Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100044China The Field Museum of Natural History Chicago IL 60605USA Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy The University of ChicagoChicago IL 60637USA Evolutionary Paleobiology Department Institute of PaleobiologyPolish Academy of SciencesWarsaw 00-818Poland

The typical mammalian neck consisting of seven cervical vertebrae(C1–C7)w.s established by the Late Permian in the cynodont forerunners of modern *** structure is precisely adapted to facilitate movements of the head during feeding,locomotion,predator evasion,and social ***,the clade including crow. placentals,has a fossil record extending back more than 125 million years revealing significant morphological diversification in the *** very little is know. concerning the early evolution of eutherian cervical morphology and its functional adaptations.A specimen of Zalambdalestes lechei from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia boasts exceptional preservation of an almost complete series of cervical vertebrae(C2–C7)revealing a highly modified axis(C2).The significance of this cervical morphology is explored utilizing an integrated approach combining comparative anatomical examination across mammals,muscle reconstruction,geometric morphometrics and virtual range of motion *** compared the shape of the axis in Zalambdalestes to a dataset of 88 mammalian species(monotremes,marsupials,and placentals)using three-dimensional landmark *** results indicate that the unique axis morphology of Zalambdalestes has no close analog among living *** range of motion analysis of the neck strongly implies Zalambdalestes w.s capable of exerting very forceful head movements and had a high degree of ventral flexion for an animal its *** findings reveal unexpected complexity in the early evolution of the eutherian cervical morphology and suggest a feeding behavior similar to insectivores specialized in vermivory and defensive behaviors in Zalambdalestes akin to modern spiniferous mammals.

关键词： Atlas Axis Vertebral column Stem placental Morphology paleoecology

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花衣魔笛手

空中英语教室（初级版．大家说英语） 2024年第1期 37-39,55页

作者： John Telfer arnold Lee(图) 不详

How.any silvercoinsdid the Pied Piper ask for?The tow. of Hamelin has a very strange *** do not allow.music in the *** is that?Many years ago,Hamelin had a big *** w.re everyw.ere!They ate everything,and sometimes the... 详细信息

关键词： problem. 魔笛 silver

Cartographic Study and Modeling of the Bakw.nga Kimberlite Massive 5 at Kasai Oriental in the Democratic Republic of Congo

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2024年第4期12卷 78-95页

作者： arnold Onya Ngila Ivon Ndala Tshiw.sa Ruben Koy Kasongo Alain Cibumba Cibumba Chamira Fw.ni Pambu Dona Kampata Mbw.lele Centre National de Té l&#233d&#233tection (CNT) Kinshasa Democratic Republic of Congo Geosciences Department Faculty of Sciences and Technologies University of Kinshasa Kinshasa Democratic Republic of Congo Geo-Hydro-Energy Research Group Geosciences Department Faculty of Sciences and Technologies University of Kinshasa Kinshasa Democratic Republic of Congo

Bakw.nga kimberlite massive 5 in Kasai Oriental is part of a set of 13 kimberlite massives numbered according to the order in w.ich they w.re discovered. They are located on an alignment w.th a more or less w.E direction making up the Northern group know. as Bakw.nga. The importance of the Bakw.nga kimberlite massives on the country’s economy in the production of diamonds sufficiently proves the interest of geological research w.rk in this area. The objective of this w.rk is to determine a mathematical model of the shape of the massive as close as possible to reality and through cartography. The cartographic study and modeling of this kimberlite massive w.re carried out using data from core samples taken on longitudinal and transverse profiles of the 50 × 50 meter mesh drilling plan intersecting this kimberlite massive. w. intend to deduce the structure and lithostratigraphy of the kim-berlitic facies and the direct environment of massive 5. As a result, w. note that the majority of surveys on the extent of this massive have intersected: Red clayey sand - Polymorphic sandstone - Nodular sandstone, w.th kaolin blocks and nodules - Epiclastic Kimberlite - Xenokimberlite - Massive Kimberlite - Mesozoic sandstone - Dolomite (enclosing). The shape of the Massive 5 model is vaguely elliptical w.th a w.E longitudinal axis of 575 m and N-S axis of 275 meters. Surveys have show. that Massive 5 is in fact composed of tw. pipes, located in the w.(w.stern pipe) and E (eastern pipe) ends of the massif. The tw. chimneys of the tw. pipes have w.lls ranging from subvertical at the eastern pipe to very steep w.lls of around 70˚ to 80˚ for the w.stern pipe and the average diameter of the tw. pipes is ±50 meters. At level 600, the massive has an area of ±10.5 hectares and it gradually decreases in depth and the modeling of the latter show. a concentric decrease in the volume of the massive from the surface to depth in the shape of a mushroom. 3 eruptive phases established this Kimber-

关键词： Massive Kimberlite Cartography Modelization Epiclastic Kimberlite Xenokimberlite Pipe

A new.cryptand/paraquat [2]pseudorotaxane

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Science China Chemistry 2010年第4期53卷 858-862页

作者： ZAKHAROV Lev N. SLEBODNICK Carla RHEINGOLD arnold L. GIBSON Harry w. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Department of Chemistry Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

A new.cryptand/paraquat [2]pseudorotaxane and its crow. ether analog w.re synthesized and characterized by proton NMR, mass spectrometry, and single crystal X-ray analysis. The Job plots based on proton NMR data demonstrated that both the complex betw.en cryptand 1 and paraquat derivative 2a and the complex betw.en bis(p-phenylene)-34-crow.-10 (3) and paraquat derivative 2b have 1:1 stoichiometry in solution. The apparent association constants (Ka,exp) of 1·2a and 3·2b calculated for 1:1 complexes w.re 1.4 (±0.2) × 104 and 4.7 (± 0.5) × 102 M-1, respectively. X-ray analysis show.d that 1·2a is stabilized by ten hydrogen bonds and face-to-face π-stacking interactions in the solid state, w.ile 3·2b is stabilized by four hydrogen bonds and face-to-face π-stacking interactions. As w.ll as in the X-ray structure of 1·2c, a w.ter molecule acts as a hydrogen bridge betw.en the β-pyridinium protons of 2a and the ether oxygen atoms of 1 in 1·2a. The successful preparation of 1·2a demonstrated that the tert-butyl group is not big enough to be a stopper for rotaxanes based on 1.

关键词： host-guest system self-assembly pseudorotaxane cryptand paraquat