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Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts 2022年第1期7卷 33-42页

作者： Haixin Guo Ryota Higashiguchi Yuya Abe richard Lee smith Graduate School of Environmental Studies Tohoku UniversityAramaki Aza Aoba 6-6-11AobaSendai 980-8579Japan Research Center of Supercritical Fluid Technology Tohoku UniversityAramaki Aza Aoba 6-6-11Aoba-kuSendai 980-8579Japan

Brønsted acid site(S/Cl)-functional carbon materials were prepared by ball-milling(bm)L-cysteine and ammonium chloride to form chemical complex solids,by post-heat treatment(Q)of the solids at 500°C under a nitrogen gas atmosphere to stabilize and fortify amino and functional group solid structures and by post-oxidative treatment with H_(2)O_(2)to add Brønsted *** as-prepared carbon materials(S/Cl@bm_(x)Q_(y);x,y in hours)contained Brønsted acid sites(sul-fonates,chlorides),oxygen-containing groups(-COOH,-OH)and amino functional *** S/Cl@bm_(x)Q_(y)materials were applied as catalysts to promote conversion of fructose in ethanol solvent to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(5-HMF)and 5-ethoxymethylfurfural(5-EMF).Among the carbon materials,S/Cl@bm_(3)Q_(1)gave 5-EMF and 5-HMF yields of 67.0%and 22.8%,respectively,in pure ethanol at 140℃for 24 h reaction time,while a reaction time of 18 h gave total 5-EMF and 5-HMF yields of 96.4%.Dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO)was applied as additive to the ethanol-fructose-S/Cl@bm_(3)Q_(1)reaction system which showed that 5-HMF product selectivity could be controlled with DMSO *** protocol developed allows simple preparation of func-tional carbon materials that have high catalytic activity and are effective for conversion of fructose to 5-HMF and 5-EMF in ethanol.

关键词： Ball-milling Etherification Fuel additive Ethanol Brønsted acid

Mechanism of selective hydrolysis of alginates under hydrothermal conditions

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Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts 2022年第3期7卷 173-179页

作者： Taku Michael Aida Yasuaki Kumagai richard Lee smith Jr Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringFukuoka UniversityNanakuma Jonan-kuFukuoka 814-0180Japan Research Center of Composite Material Fukuoka UniversityNanakuma Jonan-kuFukuoka814-0180Japan Graduate School of Environmental Studies Tohoku UniversityAoba-kuSendai980-8579Japan

Mechanisms of selective hydrolysis of alginates under hydrothermal conditions were investigated by comparing reactivities of sodium alginate(Na-ALG,960 ku)solutions and calcium alginate(Ca-ALG)gels as *** hydrothermal conditions(150°C),hydrolysis of Na-ALG gave product molecular weights of 223,66,26 and 17 ku while those of Ca-ALG gave product molecular weights of 340,102,45 and 31 ku for reaction times of 10,20,30 and 60 min,*** ratios of mannuronic acid(M)to guluronic acid(G)varied only slightly(from 1.3 to 1.2)for Na-ALG over the range of reaction times at 150°C,while ratios(M/G)for Ca-ALG exhibited a remarkable decrease(from 1.1 to 0.8).Diad sequence of alginate products obtained for Na-ALG were 17%,23%,27%and 31%(GG);30%,32%,36%and 38%(MM);and 53%,46%,37%and 32%(GM+MG);while for Ca-ALG they were 18%,22%,24%and 33%(GG);26%,23%,26%and 18%(MM);and 56%,54%,50%and 48%(GM+MG).Reaction mechanisms are proposed for hydrolysis of alginate solutions and alginate gels under hydrothermal conditions;de-polymerization of alginates into monomers and monomeric sequences can be controlled not only by hydrothermal conditions,but also by varying the physical state(solution,gel)of the starting materials.

关键词： Biomaterial Biopolymer De-polymerization High temperature water

Selective hydrogenation of glucose to sorbitol with tannic acid-based porous carbon sphere supported Ni-Ru bimetallic catalysts

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Green Energy & Environment 2023年第6期8卷 1719-1727页

作者： Ran Xi Yiwei Tang richard Lee smith Jr Xiaoning Liu Le Liu Xinhua Qi College of Environmental Science and Engineering Nankai UniversityNo.38Tongyan RoadJinnan DistrictTianjin300350China Graduate School of Environmental Studies Tohoku UniversityAramaki Aza Aoba 6-6-11AobaSendai980-8579Japan National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomass Resource Utilization Nankai UniversityNo.38Tongyan RoadJinnan DistrictTianjin300350China

Ni-Ru bimetallic porous carbon sphere(Ni-Ru@PCS) catalysts were synthesized via formaldehyde-assisted, metal-coordinated crosslinking sol-gel chemistry, in which biomass-derived tannic acid and F127 surfactant were used as carbon precursor and soft template, respectively, and Ni2+and Ru3+were used as cross-linkers. In the developed method, Ni-Ru particles became uniformly dispersed in the carbon skeleton due to strong coordination bonds between metal ions(Ni2+and Ru^(3+)) and tannic acid molecules and bimetal interactions. The as-synthesized Ni-Ru10:1@PCS catalyst with a loading Ni:Ru mole ratio of 10:1 was applied for the selective hydrogenation of glucose to sorbitol, and provided 99% glucose conversion with a sorbitol selectivity of 100% at 140℃ in 150 min reaction time and exhibited good stability and recyclability in which sorbitol yield remained at 98% after 4 cycles with little or no metal agglomeration. The catalyst was applied to glucose solutions as high as 20 wt% with 97% sorbitol yields being obtained at 140℃ in 20 h. The developed bimetallic porous carbon sphere catalysts take advantage of sustainably-derived materials in their structure and are applicable to related biomass conversion reactions.

关键词： Tannic acid Ni–Ru bimetal Glucose Sorbitol Catalytic hydrogenation

Weak-acid biochar catalyst prepared from mechanochemically-activated biomass and humic acid for production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural

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Biochar 2022年第1期4卷 490-502页

作者： Haixin Guo Sohei Ogawa Yukiya Isoda Feng Shen richard Lee smith Jr Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Agro-Environmental Protection InstituteNo.31 Fukang RoadNankai DistrictTianjin 300191China Graduate School of Environmental Studies Tohoku UniversityAramaki Aza Aoba 6-6-11AobaSendai 980-8579Japan

Many types of sustainably-prepared functional biochar catalysts are needed to transform biomass substrates into platform *** this work,weak-acid biochar catalysts were prepared by mix ball-milled(10 min,isothermal,room temperature)cherry blossom tree leaf biomass(BM)with humic acid(H)prior to carbonization of samples for 1 h under nitrogen *** of the as-prepared materials(HBM-carbonization temperature in℃)showed that humic acid activated the biochars and increased their number of oxygen-containing functional(-COOH,OH)*** weak-acid biochars were applied as heterogeneous catalysts for dehydration of fructose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(5-HMF),where it was found that biochar catalyst,HBM-400,gave 100%fructose conversion and 77.5%5-HMF yields in an ionic liquid(1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride)reaction system(140℃,60 min reaction time).As-prepared HBM-400 biochars exhibited constant catalytic activity for fructose dehydration with repeated use without any type of reactivation treatment and were stable for 5 *** acid is an effective additive for preparing weak-acid catalytic materials from waste biomass.

关键词： Humic acid Mixing ball milling Oxygen-containing functional group Weak-acid biochar

Adipose derived stem cells and nerve regeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2014年第14期9卷 1341-1346页

作者： Alessandro Faroni richard JP smith Adam J Reid Blond McIndoe Laboratories Institute of Inflammation and RepairUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK Department of Plastic Surgery & Burns University Hospital of South Manchester ManchesterUK

Injuries to peripheral nerves are common and cause life-changing problems for patients alongside high social and health care costs for society. Current clinical treatment of peripheral nerve injuries predominantly relies on sacrificing a section of nerve from elsewhere in the body to provide a graft at the injury site. Much work has been done to develop a bioengineered nerve graft, precluding sacrifice of a functional nerve. Stem cells are prime candidates as accelerators of regeneration in these nerve grafts. This review examines the potential of adipose-derived stem cells to improve nerve repair assisted by bioengineered nerve grafts.

关键词： peripheral nerve injury adipose derived stem cells nerve guidance tubes bioengineerednerve graft axonal regeneration Schwann cell cell therapy nerve repair

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线下国际医学会议过时了吗?

英国医学杂志中文版 2022年第10期25卷 553-555页

作者： richard smith Viknesh Sounderajah Ara Darzi 孔凡一(译) 吴东(校) London UK Imperial College London UK 中国医学科学院北京协和医院消化科

新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)的流行改变了会议的召开方式。richard smith认为,是时候永远改变现状并减少路途中的不必要碳排放了,但是Viknesh Sounderajah和Ara Darzi认为完全虚拟化的会议也会失去很多有价值的东西。面对面会议过时了—... 详细信息

新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)的流行改变了会议的召开方式。richard smith认为,是时候永远改变现状并减少路途中的不必要碳排放了,但是Viknesh Sounderajah和Ara Darzi认为完全虚拟化的会议也会失去很多有价值的东西。面对面会议过时了——richard smith(以下均为他的第一人称陈述)与许多组织一样,皇家妇产科学院(Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists,RCOG)被迫在2021年举办虚拟会议,其主席Edward Morris汇报说这是一个巨大的成功,会议的参加人数远超平常(来自85个国家的3000多人)。

关键词：线下虚拟会议完全虚拟化碳排放第一人称改变现状 richard

Complications in Head and Neck Surgery 2nd ed

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Phonon imaging in 3D with a fibre probe

2009年

作者： David W. Eisele richard V. smith

ISBN: (纸本)9781416042204

Effectively avoiding, recognizing, and managing complications is integral to your operative success. Let a multidisciplinary team of experts in otolaryngology, plastic surgery, oral and maxillofacial surgery, and general surgery guide you through the full range of complications associated with every type of head and neck procedure . . . so you will be equipped to produce the most favorable outcomes for even the most challenging cases!

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Light(Science & Applications) 2021年第6期10卷 1007-1019页

作者： Salvatore La Cavera III Fernando Perez-Cota richard Jsmith Matt Clark Optics and Photonics Group Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottingham NG72RDUK

We show for the first time that a single ultrasonic imaging fibre is capable of simultaneously accessing 3D spatial information and mechanical properties from microscopic *** novel measurement system consists of two ultrafast lasers that excite and detect high-frequency ultrasound from a nano-transducer that was fabricated onto the tip of a single-mode optical fibre.A signal processing technique was also developed to extract nanometric in-depth spatial measurements from GHz frequency acoustic waves,while still allowing Brillouin spectroscopy in the frequency ***-free and non-contact imaging performance was demonstrated on various polymer *** singular device is equipped with optical lateral resolution,2.5μm,and a depth-profiling precision of 45 nm provided by *** endoscopic potential for this device is exhibited by extrapolating the single fibre to tens of thousands of fibres in an imaging *** a device catalyses future phonon endomicroscopy technology that brings the prospect of label-free in vivo histology within reach.

关键词： fibre equipped acoustics

COVID-19 vaccination produces exercise-responsive SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cells regardless of infection history

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 99-107页

作者： Kyle A.smith Tiffany M.Zúñiga Forrest L.Baker Helena Batatinha Charles R.Pedlar Shane C.Burgess Michael P.Gustafson Emmanuel Katsanis richard J.Simpson School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85721USA Department of Pediatrics The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724USA Faculty of Sport Allied Health and Performance ScienceSt.Mary's UniversityTwickenham TW14SXUK Institute of Sport Exercise and Health University College LondonLondon WC1E 7HUUK Department of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85721USA The University of Arizona Cancer Center The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85719USA Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Mayo Clinic ArizonaPhoenixAZ 85054USA Department of Immunobiology The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724USA Department of Medicine The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724USA Department of Pathology The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724USA

Background:The mobilization and redistribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)specific T-cells and neutralizing antibodies(nAbs)during exercise is purported to increase immune surveillance and protect against severe coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).We sought to determine if COVID-19 vaccination would elicit exercise-responsive SARS-CoV-2 T-cells and transiently alter nAb ***:Eighteen healthy participants completed a 20-min bout of graded cycling exercise before and/or after receiving a COVID-19 *** major leukocyte subtypes were enumerated before,during,and after exercise by flow cytometry,and immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 were determined using whole blood peptide stimulation assays,T-cell receptor(TCR)-βsequencing,and SARS-CoV-2 nAb ***:COVID-19 vaccination had no effect on the mobilization or egress of major leukocyte subsets in response to intensity-controlled graded ***,non-infected participants had a significantly reduced mobilization of CD4+and CD8+naive T-cells,as well as CD4+central memory T-cells,after vaccination(synthetic immunity group);this was not seen after vaccination in those with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection(hybrid immunity group).Acute exercise after vaccination robustly mobilized SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cells to blood in an intensity-dependent *** groups mobilized T-cells that reacted to spike protein;however,only the hybrid immunity group mobilized T-cells that reacted to membrane and nucleocapsid *** increased significantly during exercise only in the hybrid immunity ***:These data indicate that acute exercise mobilizes SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cells that recognize spike protein and increases the redistribution of nAbs in individuals with hybrid immunity.

关键词： Anti-viral COVID-19 Exercise immunology SARS-CoV-2 T-Cells Vaccine

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全球公共产品与世界最贫困者的健康(英文)

全球公共产品与世界最贫困者的健康(英文)