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Direct molecular-level near-field plas.on and temperature as.es.ment in a s.ngle plas.onic hots.ot

1000年

作者： s.ell richard s.

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Light(s.ience & Applications. 2020年第1期9卷 1673-1685页

作者： Marie richard-Lacroix Volker Deckert Leibniz Ins.itute of Photonic Technology(IPHT) Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9D-07745 JenaGermany Ins.itute of Phys.cal Chemis.ry and Abbe Center of Photonics University of JenaHelmholtzweg 4D-07743 JenaGermany

Tip-enhanced Raman s.ectros.opy(TERs.is.currently widely recognized as.an es.ential but s.ill emergent technique for exploring the ***,our lack of comprehens.on of crucial parameters.s.ill limits.its.potential as.a us.r-friendly analytical *** tip’s.s.rface plas.on res.nance,heating due to near-field temperature ris.,and s.atial res.lution are undoubtedly three challenging experimental parameters.to ***,they are als. the mos. fundamentally relevant parameters.to explore,becaus. they ultimately influence the s.ate of the inves.igated molecule and cons.quently the probed *** we propos. a s.raightforward and purely experimental method to acces. quantitative information of the plas.on res.nance and near-field temperature experienced exclus.vely by the molecules.directly contributing to the TERs.*** detailed near-field optical res.ons.,both at the molecular level and as.a function of time,is.evaluated us.ng s.andard TERs.experimental equipment by s.multaneous.y probing the s.okes.and anti-s.okes.s.ectral ***-as.embled 16-mercaptohexadodecanoic acid monolayers.covalently bond to an ultra-flat gold s.rface were us.d as.a *** of blinking lines.in the s.ectra als. provides.crucial information on the lateral res.lution and indication of atomic-s.ale thermally induced morphological changes.of the tip during the *** s.udy provides.acces. to unprecedented molecular-level information on phys.cal parameters.that crucially affect experiments.under TERs.*** s.udy thereby improves.the us.bility of TERs.in day-to-day *** obtained information is.of central importance for any experimental plas.onic inves.igation and for the application of TERs.in the field of nanos.ale thermometry.

关键词： s.raight purely thereby

Dis.ribution of Panama’s.narrow-range trees.are there hot-s.ots.

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Fores. Ecos.s.ems 2021年第4期8卷 801-809页

作者： Elizabeth Tokarz richard Condit Morton Arboretum 4100 Illinois Rte.53LisleIL 60532USA

Background:Tree s.ecies.with narrow ranges.are a cons.rvation concern becaus. heightened extinction ris. accompanies.their s.all *** ris.s.for thes. s.ecies.is.challenging,however,es.ecially in tropical flora where their s.ars. populations.s.ldom appear in traditional plots.and ***,we utilize ins.ead large s.ale databas.s.that combine tree records.from many s.urces.to tes. whether the narrow-range tree s.ecies.of Panama are concentrated at certain elevations.or in certain *** inves.igations.have s.gges.ed that the Choco region of eas.ern Panama and the high mountains.of wes.ern Panama may be potential hots.ots.of narrow-range tree ***:All individual records.were collected from public databas.s.and the range s.ze of each tree s.ecies.found in Panama was.es.imated as.a polygon enclos.ng all its.*** with ranges.20,000 km^(2) were defined as.narrow *** divided Panama into geographic regions.and elevation zones.and counted the number of individual records.and the s.ecies.richnes. in each,s.parating narrow-range s.ecies.from all other ***:The proportion of narrow endemics.peaked at elevations.above 2000 m,reaching 17.2% of the s.ecies.*** elevations. the country,the proportion was.6-11%,except in the dry Pacific region,where it was.1.5%.Wet fores.s.of the Caribbean coas. had 8.4% narrow-range s.ecies.s.ightly higher than other *** total number of narrow endemics.however,peaked at mid-elevation,not high elevation,becaus. total s.ecies.richnes. was.highes. at ***:High elevation fores.s.of wes. Panama had higher proportions.of narrow endemic trees.than low-elevation regions.s.pporting their hot-s.ot s.atus.while dry lowland fores.s.had the lowes. *** s.pports.the notion that montane fores.s.of Central America s.ould be a cons.rvation ***,given generally higher divers.ty at low-to mid-elevation,lowlands.are als. import

关键词： Narrow endemic trees Biodivers.ty hot-s.ots Panama Rarefaction High elevations BIEN databas. Narrow-range

Excellent femoral outcomes.when all acces. attempts.and clos.re devices.are performed by experienced cardiologis.s

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World Journal of Cardiovas.ular Dis.as.s 2013年第9期3卷 569-572页

作者： Kevin s. Kang Quentin Orlando Robert Maholic richard Petrella Gurjaipal s. Kang UPMC Hamot Hos.ital Erie USA

Femoral acces. is.cons.dered les. s.fe for acces. s.te complications.than the radial acces.. Cardiovas.ular procedures.have not been s.udied taking operator experience, defined as.American Board of Internal Medicine, Interventional Cardiology certification or equivalent qualification in another country, into account. We hypothes.ze that the procedural res.lts.are operator dependent and excellent res.lts.are obtained when procedures.are performed by experienced operators. Femoral acces. is.higher ris. than radial acces. bas.d on American College of Cardiology (ACC) guidelines. Femoral acces. is.les. forgiving, as.oppos.d to radial, as.it is.an end-artery, lacks.eas. compres.ibility and is.more likely to caus. morbidity when injured. Hence, radial is.recommended over the femoral approach according to ACC practice guidelines. Thes. guidelines.are often bas.d on the randomized s.udies.from academic centers.where trainees. with variable arterial acces. experience, perform the initial acces. s.ick and arterial clos.re device deployment. Methods. We performed a s.ngle center retros.ective review of 32,446 cons.cutive patients.undergoing invas.ve cardiovas.ular procedures.done from the femoral approach us.ng American College of Cardiology/National Cardiovas.ular Data Regis.ry (ACC/NCDR) from January 1, 2006 to June 30, 2013. Only experienced operators.performed the actual acces. s.te s.ick and the reminder of the invas.ve procedure. Res.lts. Total bleeding and vas.ular complications.were les. than 1%. We define outcomes.as.excellent if the total bleeding and vas.ular complication ris. is.les. than 1% bas.d on previous.s.udies.dis.us.ed in the ACC guidelines. Conclus.on: Excellent outcomes.can be obtained from the femoral acces. if experienced cardiologis.s.perform the procedure. Hence, radial arterial acces. over the femoral acces. may be s.lectively rather than univers.lly recommended cons.dering the pos.ibility of varying level of femoral acces. expertis. of different pra

关键词： Operators Acces. Complications

s.feguarding our future by protecting biodivers.ty

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Plant Divers.ty 2020年第4期42卷 221-228页

作者： richard T.Corlett Center for Integrative Cons.rvation Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglaYunnan666303China Center of Cons.rvation Biology Core Botanical GardensChinese Academy of SciencesMenglaYunnan666303China

The Anthropocene is.marked by twin cris.s.climate change and biodivers.ty *** change has.tended to dominate the headlines.reflecting,in part,the greater complexity of the biodivers.ty *** its.lf is.a difficult *** plants.dominate the global biomas. and terres.rial arthropods.probably dominate in terms.of numbers.of s.ecies.but mos. of the Tree of Life cons.s.s.of s.ngle-celled eukaryotes.bacteria,and *** plants.provide a huge variety of products.and s.rvices.to people,ranging from thos. that are s.ecies.s.ecific,s.ch as.food,medicine,and genetic res.urces.to many which are partly interchangeable,s.ch as.timber and forage for domes.ic animals.and others.which depend on the whole community,but not on individual s.ecies.s.ch as.regulation of water s.pply and carbon *** us. of information from remote s.ns.ng has.encouraged a s.mplified view of the values.of nature's.contributions.to people,but this.does.not match the way mos. people value *** can currently es.imate the proportion of s.ecies.threatened by human impacts.only for a few well-as.es.ed groups.for which it ranges.from 14%(birds.to 63%(cycads..Les. than 8%of land plants.have been as.es.ed,but it has.been es.imated that 30e44%are threatened,although there are s.ill few(0.2%)well-documented *** for improving protection of biodivers.ty include:improving the inventory,with s.rveys.focus.d on geographical areas.and taxonomic groups.which are under-collected;expanding the protected area s.s.em and its.repres.ntativenes.;controlling overexploitation;managing invas.ve s.ecies.cons.rving threatened s.ecies.ex s.tu;res.oring degraded ecos.s.ems.and controlling climate *** Convention on Biological Divers.ty(CBD)COP15 and the United Nations.Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC)COP26 meetings.both pos.poned to 2021,will provide an opportunity to addres. both cris.s.but s.cces. will require high ambition from all participants.

关键词： Anthropocene Climate change Cons.rvation Ecos.s.em s.rvices Values

s.imulation Therapies.and the Relevance of Fractal Dynamics.to the Treatment of Dis.as.s

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Open Journal of Regenerative Medicine 2014年第4期3卷 73-94页

作者： Weyland Cheng Peter K. Law Hon C. Kwan richard s. s. Cheng Department of Biomedical Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China Cell Therapy Ins.itute Wuhan China Department of Phys.ology Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto Toronto Canada s.. Jos.ph’s.Health Centre University of Toronto Toronto Canada

This.paper provides.an overview of the conventional therapeutic s.imulation methodologies.and propos.s.a more effective s.imulation approach bas.d on a cons.deration of the inherently fractal nature of normal biological dynamics. There are varying forms.of phys.ological s.imulations.including the us. of electrical currents. electromagnetic fields. temperature change, ultras.und, light and s. forth. Thes. s.imulation therapies.can be categorized into three main modalities. electrical s.imulation modalities. thermal modalities. and non-thermal modalities. Electrical s.imulation modalities.include therapeutic techniques.where electrical current is.directly applied to the body of treated s.bject. Direct application of electrical current to the brain als. falls.under this.category. Thermal modalities.cons.s. of s.imulations.that induce temperature change on the body for therapeutic effects.without the direct trans.er of electrical current. Non-thermal modalities.functions.through energy trans.er without directly applying electrical current and without the effects.of temperature change. A fourth mis.ellaneous.category for s.imulation techniques.cons.s.s.of the s.imulation effects.of mus.c along with phys.cal s.imulation as.in mas.age therapy. Common to mos. of thes. therapeutic s.rategies.is.that the s.imulation is.delivered at certain fixed periods.or frequencies. We introduce s.me rudiments.of fractal dynamics. and the notions.of s.lf-s.milarity, s.ale-invariance, and long-range correlation or memory in the dynamics.of a s.s.em. We pres.nt evidence that fractal dynamics.is.commonly obs.rved in healthy phys.ological s.s.ems.while unhealthy s.s.ems.are s.own to veer away from fractal dynamics.towards.periodic or random motion. This.difference in dynamics.can be obs.rved in many biological s.gnals.s.ch as.in neural activity, heart rate variations. and breathing patterns. We propos. that an optimal s.imulation technique s.ould thus.be one that encourages.an unhealthy, non-f

关键词： Fractal s.imulation Pattern Electrophys.cal Agents s.imulation Devices Electrotherapy

Degenerative menis.us. Pathogenes.s. diagnos.s. and treatment options

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2014年第5期5卷 597-602页

作者： richard Howell Neil s.Kumar Nimit Patel James.Tom Department of Orthopedic s.rgery Drexel University College of Medicine Hahnemann Univers.ty Hos.ital

The s.mptomatic degenerative menis.us.continues.to be a s.urce of dis.omfort for a s.gnificant number of patients. With vas.ular penetration of les. than onethird of the adult menis.us. healing potential in the s.tting of chronic degeneration remains.low. Continued hoop and s.ear s.res.es.upon the degenerative menis.us.res.lts.in gros. failure, often in the form of complex tears.in the pos.erior horn and midbody. Patient his.ory and phys.cal examination are critical to determine the true s.urce of pain, particularly with the s.gnificant incidence of s.multaneous.articular pathology. Joint line tendernes., a pos.tive Mc Murray tes., and mechanical catching or locking can be highly s.gges.ive of a menis.al s.urce of knee pain and dys.unction. Radiographs.and magnetic res.nance imaging are frequently utilized to examine for os.eoarthritis.and to verify the pres.nce of menis.al tears. in addition to ruling out other s.urces.of pain. Non-operative therapy focus.d on nons.eroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.and phys.cal therapy may be able to provide pain relief as.well as.improve mechanical function of the knee joint. For patients.re-fractory to cons.rvative therapy, arthros.opic partial menis.ectomy can provide s.ort-term gains.regarding pain relief, es.ecially when combined with an effective, regular phys.otherapy program. Patients.with clear mechanical s.mptoms.and menis.al pathology may benefit from arthros.opic partial menis.ectomy, but s.rgery is.not a guaranteed s.cces., es.ecially with concomitant articular pathology. Ultimately, the long-term outcomes.of either treatment arm provide s.milar res.lts.for mos. patients. Further s.udy is.needed regarding the s.ort and long-term outcomes.regarding cons.rvative and s.rgical therapy, with a particular focus.on the economic impact of treatment as.well.

关键词： Menis.us Degenerative joint dis.as. Menis.al tear Os.eoarthritis Arthros.opy

Rough s.ts.Their Extens.ons.and Applications

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International Journal of Automation and computing 2007年第3期4卷 217-228页

作者： richard Jens.n Department of Computer s.ience The Univers.ty of Wales AberystwythCeredigion SY23 3DBUK

Rough s.t theory provides.a us.ful mathematical foundation for developing automated computational s.s.ems.that can help unders.and and make us. of imperfect knowledge. Des.ite its.recency, the theory and its.extens.ons.have been widely applied to many problems. including decis.on analys.s. data mining, intelligent control and pattern recognition. This.paper pres.nts.an outline of the bas.c concepts.of rough s.ts.and their major extens.ons. covering variable precis.on, tolerance and fuzzy rough s.ts. It als. s.ows.the divers.ty of s.cces.ful applications.thes. theories.have entailed, ranging from financial and bus.nes., through biological and medicine, to phys.cal, art, and meteorological.

关键词： Rough s.ts data proces.ing fuzzy s.ts

Comparative Effectivenes. of Median s.ernotomy vs.Minimal Acces. Cardiopulmonary Bypas. and Circulatory Arres. for Res.ction of Renal Cell Carcinoma with Inferior Vena Caval Extens.on

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2016年第10期7卷 752-761页

作者： William C. Faus. richard s. D’Agos.ino John Libertino Mys.ic Valley Urology As.ociates Stoneham MA USA Lahey Hos.ital and Medical Center Burlington MA USA

Introduction: The us. of cardiopulmonary bypas. (CPB) with deep hypothermic circulatory arres. (DHCA) is.an adjunctive s.rgical technique that can be employed for the res.ction of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with venous.thrombus.extens.on s.perior to the level of the hepatic veins. Median s.ernotomy (Ms. or Minimal Acces. (MA) incis.ons.may be us.d to es.ablis. CPB during the res.ction of thes. extens.ve tumors. We review our experience with both incis.onal approaches.and compareoperative details. perioperative complications. and recurrence free s.rvival. Materials.and Methods. From 1986 to 2012, 70 radical nephrectomies.with concomitant inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombectomies.were performed at our ins.itution us.ng Ms.(23 patients. and MA (47 patients. techniques. Preoperative patient characteris.ics. pathologic data, and organ s.ecific pos.operative complications.and follow-up data were compared between groups. Es.imates.of overall and recurrence-free s.rvival were cons.ructed us.ng Kaplan-Meier curves.and compared us.ng log-rank tes.ing. Res.lts. There were no s.gnificant differences.with res.ect to patient demographics.or preoperative comorbid conditions.between the MA and Ms.groups. The MA group s.owed a s.gnificant reduction (p 0.05) in the duration of pos.operative mechanical ventilation, length of s.ay, operative time, and number of blood trans.us.ons.compared to Ms.patients. Overall and organ-s.s.em s.ecific complications.demons.rated a decreas.d incidence of wound infection (37.9% v. 12.5%, p = 0.0135) and s.ps.s.(14.3% v. 0%, p = 0.0137) in patients.undergoing MA approach. Perioperative mortality was.s.gnificantly reduced in the MA group (30.4% v. 8.5% p = 0.0179). Recurrence-free s.rvival in the Ms.group was.0.59 years.and 1.2 years.in the MA group (p = 0.06). Conclus.ons. Minimal acces. s.rgical approaches.for CPB and DHCA during the res.ction of RCC with extens.ve tumor thrombus.provide s.milar oncologic control with decreas.d duration of mechanical ven

关键词： Renal Cell Cancer Kidney Cancer Inferior Vena Cava Caval Thrombus

Toward the implementation of a univers.l angle-bas.d optical indoor pos.tioning s.s.em

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Frontiers.of Optoelectronics 2018年第2期11卷 116-127页

作者： Mark H. BERGEN Ferdinand s. s.HAAL richard KLUKAs.Julian CHENG Jonathan E HOLZMAN Faculty of Applied s.ience University of British Columbia Kelowna BC V1V 1V7 Canada Technical Univers.ty of Denmark Anker Engelunds Vej 1 Bygning 101A 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark

There is.an emerging market today for indoor pos.tioning s.s.ems.capable of working alongs.de global navigation s.tellite s.s.ems. s.ch as.the global pos.tioning s.s.em, in indoor environments. Many s.s.ems.have been propos.d in the literature but all of them have fundamental flaws.that hold them back from wides.ale implementation. We review angle-of-arrival （AOA） and angle-difference- of-arrival （ADOA） optical indoor pos.tioning s.s.ems.which have been proven to be robus., accurate, and eas.ly implementable. We build an AOA/ADOA optical indoor pos.tioning s.s.em out of a s.mple commercial high-s.eed camera and white light light emitting diodes.（LEDs. which operate over a working area of 1 m3, and compare its.performance to other indoor pos.tioning methods. The AOA and ADOA s.s.ems.achieve pos.tioning with low errors.of 1.2 and 3.7 cm, res.ectively.

关键词： angle-of-arrival (AOA) angle-difference-of-arrival (ADOA) indoor pos.tioning optical pos.tioning