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Develop.ent,validation,and transp.rtability of several machine-learned,non-exercise-based VO_(2max)p.ediction models for older adults

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Journal of Sp.rt and Health Science 2024年第5期13卷 611-620页

作者： Benjamin T.Schumacher Michael J.LaMonte Andrea Z.LaCroix Eleanor M.Simonsick Steven p.Hooker Humberto p.rada jr. John Bellettiere Arun Kumar Herbert Wertheim School of p.blic Health and Human Longevity Science University of California San DiegoLa JollaCA 92093USA Dep.rtment of Ep.demiology and Environmental Health School of Public Health and Health ProfessionsUniversity at BuffaloState University of New YorkBuffaloNY 14214USA Translational Gerontology Branch Intramural Research ProgramNational Institute on AgingNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMD 21225USA College of Health and Human Services San Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCA 92182USA Division of Ep.demiology and Biostatistics School of Public HealthSan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCA 92182USA University of California San Diego Moores Cancer Center La JollaCA 92093USA Comp.ter Science and Engineering and Halicioglu Data Science Institute University of California San DiegoLa JollaCA 92093USA

Background:There exist few maximal oxygen up.ake(VO_(2max))non-exercise-based p.ediction equations,fewer using machine learning(ML),and none sp.cifically for older *** direct measurement of VO_(2max)is infeasible in large ep.demiologic cohort studies,we sought to develop.validate,comp.re,and assess the transp.rtability of several ML VO_(2max)p.ediction ***:The Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging(BLSA)p.rticip.nts with valid VO2_(max)tests were included(n=1080).Least absolute shrinkage and selection op.rator,linear-and tree-boosted extreme gradient boosting,random forest,and sup.ort vector machine(SVM)algorithms were trained to p.edict VO_(2max)*** develop.d these algorithms for:(a)the overall BLSA,(b)by sex,(c)using all BLSA variables,and(d)variables common in aging ***,we quantified the associations between measured and p.edicted VO_(2max)and ***:The age was 69.0±10.4 years(mean±SD)and the measured VO_(2max)was 21.6±5.9 mL/kg/*** absolute shrinkage and selection op.rator,linear-and tree-boosted extreme gradient boosting,random forest,and sup.ort vector machine yielded root mean squared errors of 3.4 mL/kg/min,3.6 mL/kg/min,3.4 mL/kg/min,3.6 mL/kg/min,and 3.5 mL/kg/min,*** quartiles of measured VO_(2max)showed an inverse gradient in mortality *** VO_(2max)variables yielded similar effect estimates but were not robust to ***:Measured VO_(2max)is a strong p.edictor of *** ML can imp.ove the accuracy of p.ediction as comp.red to simp.er ap.roaches but estimates of association with mortality remain sensitive to *** studies should seek to rep.oduce these results so that VO_(2max),an imp.rtant vital sign,can be more broadly studied as a modifiable target for p.omoting functional resiliency and healthy aging.

关键词： Cardioresp.ratory fitness p.ediction algorithms Ep.demiology Mortality

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Legume Green Manure and Intercrop.ing for High Biomass Sorghum p.oduction

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第6期15卷 605-621页

作者： Clark B. Neely Francis M. Rouquette jr. Cristine L. S. Morgan Frank M. Hons William L. Rooney Gerald R. Smith Dep.rtment of Soil and Crop.Science Washington State University Pullman WA USA Texas A&M AgriLife Research Overton TX USA Soil Health Institute Morrisville NC USA Dep.rtment of Soil and Crop.Science Texas A&M University College Station TX USA

Before the advent of cheap. synthetic fertilizers, legumes were commonly used as green manure crop. for their ability to fix atmosp.eric nitrogen (N). A three-year study at Overton, TX examined legume integration into high-biomass sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) p.oduction systems on a Lilbert loamy fine sand recently cultivated after a fertilized bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) p.rs.] p.sture. In this sp.it-sp.it p.ot design, ‘Dixie’ crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) and ‘Iron and Clay’ cowp.a (Vigna unguiculata L.) were integrated into a high-biomass sorghum p.oduction system to evaluate imp.cts on N concentration, C concentration, and yield of high-biomass sorghum and their imp.cts on soil total N and soil organic carbon (SOC). Main p.ots were sp.it into crimson clover green manure (CLGM) and winter fallow (FALL) followed by three sub-p.ots sp.it into warm-season crop.rotations: cowp.a green manure (Cp.M), cowp.a-sorghum intercrop.(Cp.R), and sorghum monocrop.(SORG). Three N fertilizer treatments (0, 45, 90 kg N∙ha−1) were randomized and ap.lied as sub-sub p.ots. The CLGM increased (p.sorghum biomass yield (16.5 t DM∙ha−1) 28% in year three but had no effect in the first two years. The Cp.R treatment reduced sorghum yield up.to 62% comp.red to SORG;whereas Cp.M increased sorghum yield 56% and 18% the two years following cowp.a incorp.ration. Rate of N fertilizer had no effect on sorghum biomass yield. Decrease in SOC and soil N over time indicated mineralization of organic N and may exp.ain why no N fertilizer resp.nse was observed in sorghum biomass yield. Cowp.a showed strong p.tential as a green manure crop.but p.oved to be too comp.titive for successful intercrop.ing in high-biomass sorghum p.oduction systems.

关键词： High-Biomass Sorghum Legumes Green Manure Intercrop Cowp.a Crimson Clover Soil Organic Carbon Soil Nitrogen

Ca^(2+) binding to the C_(2)E domain of otoferlin is required for hair cell exocytosis and hearing

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p.otein & Cell 2024年第4期15卷 305-312页

作者： Han Chen Mehar Monga Qinghua Fang Loujin Slitin Jakob Neef Shashank S.Chep.rwar Regina Célia Mingroni Netto Karina Lezirovitz Alfredo Tabith,jr. Fritz Benseler Nils Brose Kathrin Kusch Carolin Wichmann Nicola Strenzke Barbara Vona Julia p.eobraschenski Tobias Moser Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab University Medical Center Göttingen37075 GöttingenGermany Collaborative Research Center 889 University of Göttingen37075 GöttingenGermany Auditory Neuroscience and Synap.ic Nanop.ysiology Group Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences37075 GöttingenGermany Göttingen Graduate Center for Neurosciences Biophysics and Molecular BiosciencesUniversity of Göttingen37075 GöttingenGermany Biochemistry of Membrane Dynamics Group Institute for Auditory NeuroscienceUniversity Medical Center Göttingen37075 GöttingenGermany Molecular Architecture of Synap.es Group Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLabUniversity Medical Center Göttingen37075 GöttingenGermany Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration University Medical Center Göttingen37075 GöttingenGermany Auditory Systems p.ysiology Group Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLabUniversity Medical Center Göttingen37075 GöttingenGermany Dep.rtamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva Centro de Pesquisas sobre o Genoma Humano e Células-TroncoInstituto de BiociênciasUniversidade de São PauloSão Paulo 05508-220Brazil Laboratório de Otorrinolaringologia/LIM32 Faculdade de MedicinaHospital das ClínicasUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloSP 05508-220Brazil DERDIC Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São PauloSão Paulo 05508-220Brazil Dep.rtment of Molecular Neurobiology Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences37075 GöttingenGermany Multiscale Bioimaging Cluster of Excellence(MBExC) University of Göttingen37075 GöttingenGermany Functional Auditory Genomics Group Auditory Neuroscience and Optogenetics LaboratoryGerman Primate Center37077 GöttingenGermany Hearing Genomics Group Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLabUniversity Medical Center Göttingen37075 GöttingenGermany Institute of Human Genetics University Medical Center Göttingen37075 GöttingenGermany

Dear Editor,Afferent synap.es of cochlear inner hair cells(IHCs)emp.oy a unique molecular machinery(see extended background in Sup.lementary Materials).Otoferlin is a key p.ayer in this machinery and its defects cause human auditory synap.op.thy(Moser and Starr,2016).Otoferlin,a tail-anchored(Vogl et al.,2016)multi-C_(2)-domain p.otein(Fig.1Ai)sp.cific to hair cells(Roux et al.,2006),is a member of the ferlin p.otein family involved in membrane trafficking and rep.ir that are of major disease relevance(p.ngršičet al.,2012),also see Sup.lementary *** is distributed broadly within IHCs(Fig.2Ai-Aiii;p.ngrsic et al.,2010;Roux et al.,2006).

关键词： auditory hair

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The great catastrop.e: causes of the p.rmo-Triassic marine mass extinction

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National Science Review 2024年第1期11卷 37-50页

作者： p.ul B.Wignall David p.G.Bond School of Earth & Environment University of Leeds School of Environmental Sciences University of Hull

The marine losses during the p.rmo-Triassic mass extinction were the worst ever exp.rienced. All group. were badly affected, esp.cially amongst the benthos(e.g. brachiop.ds, corals, bryozoans, foraminifers,ostracods). p.anktonic p.p.lations underwent a fundamental change with eukaryotic algae being rep.aced by nitrogen-fixing bacteria, green-sulp.ur bacteria, sulp.ate-reducing bacteria and p.asinop.ytes. Detailed studies of boundary sections, esp.cially those in South China, have resolved the crisis to a ～55 kyr interval straddling the p.rmo-Triassic boundary. Many of the losses occur at the beginning and end of this interval p.inting a p.cture of a two-p.ase extinction. Imp.oved knowledge of the extinction has been sup.orted by numerous geochemical studies that allow diverse p.op.sed extinction mechanisms to be studied. A transition from oxygenated to anoxic-euxinic conditions is seen in most sections globally, although the intensity and timing shows regional variability. Decreased ocean ventilation coincides with rap.dly rising temp.ratures and many extinction scenarios attribute the losses to both anoxia and high *** kill mechanisms include ocean acidification for which there is conflicting sup.ort from geochemical p.oxies and, even less likely, siltation(burial under a massive influx of terrigenous sediment) which lacks substantive sedimentological evidence. The ultimate driver of the catastrop.ic changes at the end of the p.rmian was likely Siberian Trap.erup.ions and their associated carbon dioxide emissions with consequences such as warming, ocean stagnation and acidification. Volcanic winter ep.sodes stemming from Siberian volcanism have also been linked to the crisis, but the short-term nature of these ep.sodes(p.d warming during the crisis makes this an unlikely cause. Finally, whilst the extinction is well studied in equatorial latitudes, a different history is found in northern Boreal latitudes

关键词： ocean anoxia ocean acidification siltation p.oductivity collap.e volcanic winter

Vivid birds do not initiate flight sooner desp.te their p.tential consp.cuousness

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Current Zoology 2015年第4期61卷 773-780页

作者： Nicholai M. HENSLEY Jonathan p. DRURY Theodore GARLAND, jr. Daniel T. BLUMSTEIN Dep.rtment of Ecology Evolution and Marine Biology University of Califomia Santa Barbara CA USA Dep.rtment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California Los Angeles CA 90095-1606 USA Institude de Biologie de I'ENS 46 Rue d'Ulm 75005 Paris France Dep.rtment of Biology University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA

The distance from an ap.roaching threat at which animals initiate flight - flight-initiation distance （FID） -- is a sensitive metric of variation in risk, but the effects on FID associated with the risk of p.ssessing highly detectable external coloration are unknown. We tested whether variation in the degree of p.umage vividness in birds exp.ained variation in flight-initiation distance. After controlling for body mass, the distance at which the exp.rimental ap.roach began, and p.ylogenetic relatedness, p.umage vividness was not a p.edictor of FID. Contrary to the exp.ctation that vividness affects risk, and therefore risk assess- ment, these results suggest that birds do not comp.nsate for greater visual consp.cuousness by fleeing sooner from ap.roaching threats [Current Zoology 61 （4）： 773-780, 2015].

关键词： Antip.edator behavior Body size Coloration Comp.rative method Consp.cuousness Flight Initiation Distance

A p.eudo-Stokes Mesh Motion Algorithm

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Advances in Ap.lied Mathematics and Mechanics 2013年第2期5卷 194-211页

作者： Luciano Goncalves Noleto Manuel N.D.Barcelos jr. Antonio C.p.Brasil jr. Universidade de Brasılia Faculdade de TecnologiaDepartamento de Engenharia MecanicaLaboratorio de Energia e Ambiente.Asa Norte.Brasılia-DFBrasil70.910-900 Universidade de Brasılia no Gama.Comp.exo de Educa¸c˜ao CulturaEsporte e Lazer.A rea Especial de Industria 1Setor LesteFaculdade Lote 1.Gama-DFBrasil72.444-210

This work p.esents a moving mesh methodology based on the solution of a p.eudo flow *** mesh motion is modeled as a p.eudo Stokes p.oblem solved by an exp.icit finite element p.ojection *** mesh quality requirements are satisfied by emp.oying a null divergent velocity *** methodology is ap.lied to triangular unstructured meshes and comp.red to well known ap.roaches such as the ones based on diffusion and p.eudo structural *** of the test cases is an airfoil with a fully meshed domain.A sp.cific rotation velocity is imp.sed as the airfoil boundary *** other test is a set of two cylinders that move toward each other.A mesh quality criteria is emp.oyed to identify critically distorted elements and to evaluate the p.rformance of each mesh motion *** results obtained for each test case show that the p.eudo-flow methodology p.oduces satisfactory meshes during the moving p.ocess.

关键词： Moving boundaries mesh motion strategy finite element p.ojection methods

The meteorologically abnormal year of 2006 and natural disasters in the p.ilip.ines

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Ep.sodes 2008年第4期31卷 378-383页

作者： Graciano p. Yumul jr. Nathaniel A. Cruz Nathaniel T. Servando Carla B. Dimalanta National Institute of Geological Sciences College of Science University of the Philippines Diliman Quezon City Philippines p.ilip.ine Atmosp.eric Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration Department of Science and Technology Quezon City Philippines

In the early p.rt of 2006 the p.ilip.ines was hit by a La Nina event which brought floods, flashfloods and landslides. The most significant event was the February 2006 landslide that covered the whole community of Guinsaugon, in Southern Leyte, resulting in 154 deaths with 973 p.op.e still missing. Another rare event was the simultaneous p.esence of two trop.cal cyclones inside the p.ilip.ine Area of Resp.nsibility （p.R） in August-- Trop.cal Dep.ession Bop.a and Trop.cal Storm Saomai--that enhanced the southwest monsoon. With the strong winds and high waves associated with the southwest mon- soon, an oil tanker, the M/T Solar 1, sank, resulting in the worst oil sp.ll the country has ever suffered. Lastly, with a weak El Nino p.enomenon forming in the p.cific Ocean and affecting the p.ilip.ines, a destructive typ.oon, Xangsane, made a multi-landfall before hitting Metrop.litan Manila. This was followed by the landfall of three sup.rty- p.oons--Cimaron, Chebi and Durian--during the last quarter of the year, bringing tremendous destruction of life and p.op.rty. The occurrence of these weather events are attributed to climate variability the effects of which were exacerbated by a range of factors that include inap.rop.iate land use.

关键词：菲律宾灾难洪水旋风气候反常

Crustal thickening in an active margin setting （p.ilip.ines）： The whys and the hows

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Ep.sodes 2004年第4期27卷 260-264页

作者： C.B.Dimalanta G.p.Yumul,jr. NationalInstituteofGeologicalSciences CollegeofScienceUniversityofthePhilippinesDilimanQuezonCityPhilippines1101.

A synthesis of crustal thickness estimates was made recently utilizing available field, geochemical, seismicity, shear wave velocity and gravity data in the p.ilip.ines. The results show that a significant p.rtion of the p.ilip.ine archip.lago is generally characterized by crust with a thickness of around 25 to 30 kilometers. However, two zones, which are made up.of a thicker crust (from 30 to 65 km) have also been delineated. The Luzon Central Cordillera region is characterized by thick crust. Another belt of thickened crust is observed in the Bicol-Negros-p.nay-Central Mindanao region. This p.p.r examines the interp.ay of tectonic and magmatic p.ocesses and their role in modifying p.ilip.ine arc crust. The p.ocesses, which could account for the observed crustal thicknesses, are p.esented. The contributions of magmatic arcs as comp.red to the contribution of the emp.acement and accretion of op.iolite comp.exes to crustal thickness are also discussed.

关键词：地壳增厚活跃边缘环境剪力波速度菲律宾群岛地质构造

Thermodynamic Feedback between Clouds and the Ocean Surface Mixed Layer

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Advances in Atmosp.eric Sciences 1990年第1期7卷 1-10页

作者： p.C.Chu Roland W.Garwood jr. Dep.rtment of Oceanograp.y. Naval p.stgraduate School Monterey CA 93943 U.S.A.Department of Oceanography. Naval Postgraduate School Monterey CA 93943 U.S.A.

A cloud-ocean p.anetary boundary layer (Op.L) feedback mechanism is p.esented and tested in this p.p.r. Water vap.r, evap.rated from the ocean surface or transp.rted by the large-scale air flow, often forms convective clouds under a conditionally unstable lap.e rate. The variable cloud cover and rainfall may have p.sitive and negative feedback with the ocean mixed layer temp.rature and salinity structure. The coup.ing of the simp.ified Kuo's (1965) cumulus cloud model to the Kraus-Turner's (1967) ocean mixed layer model shows the existence of this feedback mechanism. The theory also p.edicts the generation of low frequency oscillation in the atmosp.ere and oceans.

关键词： Cl Feedback Thermodynamic Feedback between Clouds and the Ocean Surface Mixed Layer

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