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Climate-influenced boreotropical survival and rampant introgressions explain the thriving of New World grapes in the north temperate zone

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2023年第5期65卷 1183-1203页

作者： Ze-Long Nie richard Hodel Zhi-Yao ma Gabriel Johnson Chen Ren Ying meng Stefanie m.Ickert-Bond Xiu-Qun Liu Elizabeth Zimmer Jun Wen College of Biology and Environmental Sciences Jishou UniversityJishou 416000China Department of Botany National Museum of Natural HistorySmithsonian InstitutionWashingtonDC20013-7012USA Shenzhen Branch Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern AgricultureGenome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsAgricultural Genomics Institute at ShenzhenChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenzhen 518000China Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization South China Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou510650China Herbarium(ALA) University of Alaska Museum of the NorthUniversity of Alaska FairbanksFairbanksAK 99775USA Department of Biology and Wildlife University of Alaska FairbanksFairbanksAK 99775USA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology College of Horticulture and Forestry ScienceHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China

The north temperate region was characterized by a warm climate and a rich thermophilic flora before the Eocene,but early diversifications of the temperate biome under global climate change and biome shift remain ***,it is becoming clear that hybridization/introgression is an important driving force of speciation in plant ***,we applied analyses from biogeography and phylogenetic networks to account for both introgression and incomplete lineage sorting based on genomic data from the New World Vitis,a charismatic component of the temperate North American flora with known and suspected gene flow among *** inference and fossil evidence suggest that the grapes were widely distributed from North America to Europe during the Paleocene to the Eocene,followed by widespread extinction and survival of relicts in the tropical New *** the climate warming in the early miocene,a Vitis ancestor migrated northward from the refugia with subsequent diversification in the North American *** found strong evidence for widespread incongruence and reticulate evolution among nuclear genes within both recent and ancient lineages of the New World ***,the organellar genomes showed strong conflicts with the inferred species tree from the nuclear *** phylogenomic analyses provided an important assessment of the wide occurrence of reticulate introgression in the New World Vitis,which potentially represents one of the most important mechanisms for the diversification of Vitis species in temperate North America and even the entire temperate Northern *** scenario we report here may be a common model of temperate diversification of flowering plants adapted to the global climate cooling and fluctuation in the Neogene.

关键词： boreotropical refugia introgression New World grapes phylogenomics temperate diversification

The dilemma of the Jiaodong gold deposits: Are they unique?

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Geoscience Frontiers 2014年第2期5卷 139-153页

作者： richard J.Goldfarb m.Santosh U.S.Geological Survey Box 25046 MS 973 Denver Federal Center State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and mineral Resources School of Earth Sciences and Resources China University of Geosciences Centre for Exploration Targeting School of Earth and Geographical Sciences University of Western Australia Crawley

The ca. 126e120 ma Au deposits of the Jiaodong Peninsula, eastern China, define the country＇s largest gold province with an overall endowment estimated as＆gt;3000 t Au. The vein and disseminated ores are hosted by NE-to NNE-trending brittle normal faults that parallel the margins of ca. 165e150 ma, deeply emplaced, lower crustal melt granites. The deposits are sited along the faults for many tens of kilometers and the larger orebodies are associated with dilatational jogs. Country rocks to the granites are Pre-cambrian high-grade metamorphic rocks located on both sides of a Triassic suture between the North and South China blocks. During early mesozoic convergent deformation, the ore-hosting structures developed as ductile thrust faults that were subsequently reactivated during Early Cretaceous ＂Yan-shanian＂intracontinental extensional deformation and associated gold formation. 〈br〉 Classification of the gold deposits remains problematic. many features resemble those typical of orogenic Au including the linear structural distribution of the deposits, mineralization style, ore and alteration assemblages, and ore fluid chemistry. However, Phanerozoic orogenic Au deposits are formed by prograde metamorphism of accreted oceanic rocks in Cordilleran-style orogens. The Jiaodong de-posits, in contrast, formed within two Precambrian blocks approximately 2 billion years after devolati-lization of the country rocks, and thus require a model that involves alternative fluid and metal sources for the ores. A widespread suite of ca. 130e123 ma granodiorites overlaps temporally with the ores, but shows a poor spatial association with the deposits. Furthermore, the deposit distribution and mineral-ization style is atypical of ores formed from nearby magmas. The ore concentration requires fluid focusing during some type of sub-crustal thermal event, which could be broadly related to a combination of coeval lithospheric thinning, asthenospheric upwelling, paleo-Pacific plate subducti

关键词： Gold Jiaodong North China block Tectonics mineral deposit mode

Transgenerational bone toxicity in F3 medaka (Oryzias latipes) induced by ancestral benzo[a]pyrene exposure: Cellular and transcriptomic insights

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第5期127卷 336-348页

作者： Jiezhang mo miles Teng Wan DorisWai-Ting Au Jingchun Shi Nathan Tam Xian Qin Napo K.m.Cheung Keng Po Lai Christoph Winkler richard Yuen-Chong Kong Frauke Seemann Southern marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou) Guangzhou 510000China Shenzhen Key Laboratory for the Sustainable Use of marine Biodiversity Research Centre for the Oceans and Human HealthShenzhen Research InstituteCity University of Hong KongShenzhen 518057China State Key Laboratory of marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry City University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Integrative Omics Guilin Medical UniversityHuan Cheng North 2nd Road 109Guilin 541004China Department of Biological Sciences National University of Singapore119077Singapore Center for Coastal Studies and Department of Life Sciences Texas A&M University-Corpus ChristiCorpus ChristiTexas 78412USA

Benzo[a]pyrene(BaP),a ubiquitous pollutant,raises environmental health concerns due to induction of bone toxicity in the unexposed *** of F0 ancestor medaka(Oryzias latipes)to 1μg/L BaP for 21 days causes reduced vertebral bone thickness in the unexposed F3 male *** reveal the inherited modifications,osteoblast(OB)abundance and molecular signaling pathways of transgenerational BaP-induced bone thinning were *** analysis showed a reduction in OB *** of the miRNA and mRNA transcriptomes revealed the dysregulation of Wnt signaling(frzb/ola-miR-1–3p,sfrp5/ola-miR-96–5p/miR-455–5p)and bone morphogenetic protein(Bmp)signaling(bmp3/ola-miR-96–5p/miR-181b-5p/miR-199a-5p/miR-205–5p/miR-455–5p).Both pathways are major indicators of impaired bone formation,while the altered Rank signaling in osteoclasts(c-fos/miR-205–5p)suggests a potentially augmented bone ***,a typical BaP-responsive pathway,the Nrf2-mediated oxidative stress response(gst/ola-miR-181b-5p/miR-199a-5p/miR-205),was also ***,mRNA levels of epigenetic modification enzymes(e.g.,hdac6,hdac7,kdm5b)were found *** findings indicated that epigenetic factors(e.g.,miRNAs,histone modifications)may directly regulate the expression of genes associated with transgenerational BaP bone toxicity and warrants further *** identified candidate genes and miRNAs may serve as potential biomarkers for BaP-induced bone disease and as indicators of historic exposures in wild fish for conservation purposes.

关键词： Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) Transcriptome Impaired bone formation molecular pathways microRNAs medaka(Oryzias latipes)

Associations between maternal vitamin D status and porcine litter characteristics throughout gestation

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2023年第2期14卷 806-813页

作者： Claire Stenhouse Emma Hurst richard J.mellanby Cheryl J.Ashworth Functional Genetics and Development Division The Roslin Institute and Royal(Dick)School of Veterinary StudiesUniversity of EdinburghMidlothian EH259RGUK Current Affiliation Department of Animal ScienceTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexas 77843‑2471USA Clinical Sciences Division The Roslin Institute and Royal(Dick)School of Veterinary StudiesUniversity of EdinburghMidlothian EH259RGUK.

Emerging evidence suggests an important role of vitamin D in the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy,and the regulation of foetal growth across mammalian ***,the temporal changes in maternal vitamin D sta-tus throughout gestation in the pig and the relationship between maternal vitamin D status and litter characteristics of interest across gestation remain poorly understood and *** abundance of 25(OH)D in maternal plasma was quantified by HPLC–mS/mS at gestational days(GD)18,30,45,60 and 90(n=5–11 gilts/GD).maternal plasma 25(OH)D concentrations significantly increased between GD18 and GD30(Pmaternal vitamin D metabolite concentrations and litter characteristics of interest including gilt weight,ovulation rate,mean litter weight,number of live foetuses,percentage prenatal survival,and sex ratio of the litter was *** 25(OH)D(P=0.059)concentrations tended to be positively associated with percentage prenatal survival on *** GD90,maternal 25(OH)D(Pma 25(OH)D concentrations were inversely associated with the percentage of male foetuses in the litter on GD90(Pmporal changes in maternal vitamin D status throughout ges-tation and the relationship between maternal vitamin D status and the economically important litter characteristics of gilt weight,percentage prenatal survival and percentage of male foetuses in the *** the understanding of the role of vitamin D across important developmental timepoints in relation to foetal growth is essential to improve reproductive success in livestock species.

关键词： Porcine Pregnancy Vitamin D

Eye contact and sociability data suggests that Australian dingoes were never domesticated

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Current Zoology 2022年第4期68卷 423-431页

作者： J William O Ballard Chloe Gardner Lucille Ellem Sonu Yadav richard I Kemp Department of Ecology Environmentand EvolutionLatrobe UniversityMelbourneVIC 3086Australia Department of BioSciences The University of MelbourneMelbourneVIC 3010Australia School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of SydneyCamperdownNSW 2006Australia Bargo Dingo Sanctuary BargoNSW 2574Australia School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences UNSW SydneySydneyNSW 2052Australia School of Psychology UNSW SydneySydneyNSW 2052Australia

Dogs were the first animal to become domesticated by humans,and they represent a classic model system for unraveling the processes of *** compare Australian dingo eye contact and socialization with Basenji and German Shepherd dog(GSD)*** dingoes arrived in Australia 5,000–8,000 BP,and there is debate whether they were domesticated before their *** Basenji represents a primitive breed that diverged from the remaining breeds early in the domestication process,while GSDs are a breed dog selected from existing domestic dogs in the late *** conducted a 4-phase study with unfamiliar and familiar investigators either sitting passively or actively calling each *** found 75%of dingoes made eye contact in each *** contrast,86%of Basenjis and 96%of GSDs made eye *** also exhibited shorter eye-gaze duration than breed dogs and did not respond to their name being called ***,quantified as a canid coming within 1m of the experimenter,was lowest for dingoes and highest for *** sociability duration,dingoes spent less time within 1m of the experimenter than either breed *** compared with previous studies,these data show that the dingo is behaviorally intermediate between wild wolves and Basenji dogs and suggest that it was not domesticated before it arrived in ***,it remains possible that the accumulation of mutations since colonization has obscured historical behaviors,and dingoes now exist in a feralized retamed *** morphological and genetic data are required to resolve this conundrum.

关键词： Basenji dingo domestication German Shepherd dog eye gaze sociability

GPCR/endocytosis/ERK signaling/S2R is involved in the regulation of the internalization,mitochondria-targeting and-activating properties of human salivary histatin 1

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International Journal of Oral Science 2022年第3期14卷 334-348页

作者： Dandan ma Wei Sun Cuicui Fu Kamran Nazmi Enno C.I.Veerman richard T.Jaspers Jan G.m.Bolscher Floris J.Bikker Gang Wu Department of Oral Biochemistry Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam(ACTA)University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands School of Stomatology Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina Laboratory for myology Department of Human Movement SciencesFaculty of Behavioral and Movement SciencesAmsterdam Movement SciencesVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands Department of Oral Cell Biology Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam(ACTA)University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands Department of Oral and maxillofacial Surgery/Pathology Amsterdam UMC and Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam(ACTA)Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdam Movement ScienceAmsterdamNetherlands

Human salivary histatin 1(Hst1)exhibits a series of cell-activating properties,such as promoting cell spreading,migration,and metabolic *** recently have shown that fluorescently labeled Hst1(F-Hst1)targets and activates mitochondria,presenting an important molecular ***,its regulating signaling pathways remain to be *** investigated the influence of specific inhibitors of G protein-coupled receptors(GPCR),endocytosis pathways,extracellular signal-regulated kinases1/2(ERK1/2)signaling,p38 signaling,mitochondrial respiration and Na+/K+-ATPase activity on the uptake,mitochondria-targeting and-activating properties of *** performed a si RNA knockdown(KD)to assess the effect of Sigma-2 receptor(S2R)/Transmembrane Protein 97(TmEm97)—a recently identified target protein of *** also adopted live cell imaging to monitor the whole intracellular trafficking process of *** results showed that the inhibition of cellular respiration hindered the internalization of *** inhibitors of GPCR,ERK1/2,phagocytosis,and clathrin-mediated endocytosis(CmE)as well as siRNA KD of S2R/TmEm97 significantly reduced the uptake,which was accompanied by the nullification of the promoting effect of F-Hst1 on cell metabolic *** the inhibitor of CmE and KD of S2R/TmEm97 significantly compromised the mitochondria-targeting of *** further showed the intracellular trafficking and targeting process of F-Hst1,in which early endosome plays an important ***,phagocytosis,CmE,GPCR,ERK signaling,and S2R/TmEm97 are involved in the internalization of Hst1,while only CmE and S2R/TmEm97 are critical for its subcellular *** inhibition of either internalization or mitochondria-targeting of Hst1 could significantly compromise its mitochondria-activating property.

关键词： GPCR/endocytosis/ERK signaling/S2R is involved in the regulation of the internalization mitochondria-targeting and activating properties of human salivary histatin 1 ERK

Biochar and Compost Increase Crop Yields but the Effect is Short Term on Sandplain Soils of Western Australia

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Pedosphere 2015年第5期25卷 720-728页

作者： David J.m.HALL richard W.BELL Department of Agriculture and Food School of Veterinary and Life Sciences Murdoch University

Sandplain soils on the south coast of Western Australia have low inherent fertility, which is mainly due to poor nutrient retention caused by insufficient clay and organic colloidal material. Previous research has shown the benefits in nutrient levels and retention from adding clay to sandplain soils; however, there is almost no information on the addition of organic amendments. A field experiment was established at the Esperance Downs Research Station, Western Australian, in may 2010, to assess the effects of wheat straw(WS) and chicken manure(Cm) biochars and compost with and without phosphorus(P) addition on soil properties and crop production over five growing seasons. The five seasons alternated between winter and summer crops. The Cm and WS biochar and compost treatments significantly increased crop yields and P uptake in 3, 2 and 1 of the five seasons, respectively. The yield increases(P more than 8%. By the end of the third season, no differences in crop yields were found that could be attributed to the organic amendments. The addition of P increased crop yields in each winter cropping season. Phosphorus addition explained more than 30%of the variation in crop yields. Despite marginal P levels and summer drought conditions, arbuscular mycorrhizal root colonisation was not affected by the organic amendments. There were no significant interactions between the organic amendments and P addition in terms of crop yields, P uptake or P uptake efficiency. We conclude that much of the effect of the organic amendments was due to direct nutrient addition which dissipated over time.

关键词：西澳大利亚作物产量土壤性质堆肥处理农作物生物炭磷吸收效率有机改良剂

Effects of Topography and Land Use Change on Gully Development in Typical mollisol Region of Northeast China

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中国地理科学：英文版 2016年第6期26卷 779-788页

作者： LI Hao richard m CRUSE LIU Xiaobing ZHANG Xingyi Key Laboratory of mollisols Agroecology Northeast Institute of Geography and AgroecologyChinese Academy of SciencesHarbin 150081China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Department of Agronomy lowa State UniversityAmes500011 lowaUSA

Due to high intensity agricultural exploitation since the middle of the 20 th century, farmland gullies have become a pervasive form of water erosion in Northeast China. Yet few researches are concentrated on how topography and land use affect long-term gully development in this region. In this study, gully distribution in a village with an area of 24.2 km^2 in the central mollisols area of Northeast China in different times were compared by Aerial photography(1968), Quickbird image(2009) and field survey, and factors affecting gully development including land use and topography were analyzed. The results showed that the total gully number decreased from 104 to 69, while occupying area rose from 34.8 ha to 78.4 ha from 1968 to 2009. Fundamental gully distribution had been formed by 1968 as most of 2009′s gullies were evolved from 1968′s gullies′ merge and width expansion process, and new gullies those initiated after 1968 occupied only 7% of total gully area in 2009. Gully area increasing ratio in grassland was the highest and that in forestland was the lowest. The threshold catchment area between simple and complex gully development was around 15 ha to 25 ha. This threshold value sets apart catchment areas that will develop simple or complex gullies in areas with similar environmental conditions. Gully control measurements were urgent because if appropriate gully control implements would not be applied, present gully erosion crisis could be doubled within 50 years.

关键词：溪谷侵蚀打使用地志的阀值 mollisols 东北中国

Observations of defect propagation in [100]-oriented opal-type photonic crystals

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Chinese Physics B 2008年第4期17卷 1298-1304页

作者：金崇君 richard m.De La Rue Nigel P.Johnson Department of Electronics & Electrical Engineering University of Glasgow School of Physics and Engineering Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and TechnologiesSun Yat-Sen University

Charged colloidal suspensions have been used as experimental models for the study of crystal nucleation. Here we propose that the technique of template-assisted colloidal self-assembly can be used to visualize the effects of defect propagation in atomic crystal films produced using epitaxial growth. Templates with periodic line defects were used to grow [100]-oriented three-dimensional photonic crystals by means of the template-assisted colloidal self-assembly method, aided by capillary and gravitational forces. The defect propagation in the [100]-oriented photonic crystal was observed using scanning electron microscopy, both at the surface of the crystal and on cleaved facets. This method is useful in the understanding of defect propagation in the growth of colloidal films on templates - and the same approach may also prove useful for the understanding of atomic crystal growth on substrates with defects. Additionally, the deliberate incorporation of line defects may prove valuable as a way of introducing waveguide channels into three-dimensional photonic crystals.

关键词： photonic crystal colloidal crystal self-assembly