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Detecting trends in body size: empirical and statistical requirements for intraspecific analyses

Current Zoology 2019年第5期65卷 493-497页

作者： C.m.GIENGER Ned A.DOCHTERmANN C.richard TRACY Department of Biology Center of Excellence for Field BiologyAustin Peay State UniversityClarksvilleTNUSA Department of Biological Sciences North Dakota State UniversityFargoNDUSA Department of Biology Program in EcologyEvolutionand Conservation BiologyUniversity of NevadaRenoNVUSA

Attributing biological explanations to observed ecogeographical and ecological patterns require eliminating potential statistical and sampling artifacts as alternative explanations of the observed ***,we assess the role of sample size,statistical power,and geographic inclusivity on the general validity and statistical significance of relationships between body size and latitude for 3 well-studied species of *** extend those analyses to emphasize the importance of using statistically robust data in determining macroecological *** examined intraspecific trends in body size with latitude in Chelydra serpentina,Chrysemys picta,and Trachemys scripts using Pearson's correlations,diagnostic tests for influential points,and *** data were insufficient to ascertain a latitudinal trend in body size for *** or *** was a significant relationship for ***,however,resampling analyses show that,on average,16 of the 23 available independent populations were needed to demonstrate a significant relationship and that at least 20 of 23 populations were required to obtain a statistically powerful correlation between body size and ***,restricting the latitudes of populations resampled shows that body size trends of *** were largely due to leveraging effects of populations at the edge of the species *** results suggest that broad inferences regarding ecological trends in body size should be made with caution until underlying(intraspecific)patterns in body size can be statistically and conclusively demonstrated.

关键词： Bergmann's rule geographic variation macroecology resampling sensitivity analysis statistical power turtle

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Functional Photoacoustic and Ultrasonic Assessment of Osteoporosis:A Clinical Feasibility Study

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Biomedical Engineering Frontiers 2020年第1期1卷 35-49页

作者： Ting Feng Yunhao Zhu richard morris kenneth m.kozloff Xueding Wang Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Michigan Medical SchoolMI 48109USA IF LLCWI 53589USA Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Michigan Medical SchoolMI 48109USA Department of Radiology University of Michigan Medical SchoolMI 48109USA

Objective and Impact *** study the feasibility of combined functional photoacoustic(PA)and quantitative ultrasound(US)for diagnosis of osteoporosis in vivo based on the detection of chemical and microarchitecture(BmA)information in calcaneus *** available X-ray or US technologies for the diagnosis of osteoporosis do not report important parameters such as chemical information and *** unique advantages,including good sensitivity to molecular and metabolic properties,PA bone assessment techniques hold a great potential for clinical *** performing multiwavelength PA measurements,the chemical information in the human calcaneus bone,including mineral,lipid,oxygenated-hemoglobin,and deoxygenated-hemoglobin,were *** parallel,by performing PA spectrum analysis,the BmA as an important bone physical property was *** unpaired t-test and a two-way ANOVA test were conducted to compare the outcomes from the two subject *** PA measurement is capable of assessing the relative contents of several chemical components in the trabecular bone in vivo,including both minerals and organic materials such as oxygenated-hemoglobin,deoxygenated-hemoglobin,and lipid,which are relevant to metabolic activities and bone *** addition,PA measurements of BmA show good correlations(R^(2)up to 0.65)with *** the chemical and microarchitectural measurements from PA techniques can differentiate the two subject *** results from this initial clinical study suggest that PA techniques,by providing additional chemical and microarchitecture information relevant to bone health,may lead to accurate and early diagnosis,as well as sensitive monitoring of the treatment of osteoporosis.

关键词： diagnosis Clinical architectural

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Bioactives and extracts affect the physico-chemical properties of concentrated whey protein isolate dispersions

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Food Production, Processing and Nutrition 2022年第1期4卷 25-40页

作者： mackenzie m.Hansen richard W.Hartel YrjöH.Roos Food Technology School of Food and Nutritional SciencesUniversity College CorkCorkIreland Department of Food Science College of Agricultural and Life SciencesUniversity of WisconsinOffice A11Babcock Hall1605 Linden DriveMadisonWI53706USA

Non-covalent complexation interactions are known to occur between bioactive compounds and proteins. While formulating with these components can have positive outcomes such as stabilization of colors and actives, it can also result in changes to the structures and physical properties of proteins, affecting product functionality and sensory attributes. Previous experiments reported measurable changes in the physico-chemical properties of whey protein isolate (WPI) dispersions upon formulation with Aronia berry extract, ascribing changes to protein-polyphenol (PP) interactions in the systems. Pure gallotannin, beet extract, and cranberry extract, providing a diverse variety structures and sizes, were selected for further experimentation and comparison with the effects of Aronia extract. Concentrated dispersions with varying WPI:sucrose ratios, formulated with several bioactives contents from multiple different sources were analyzed to identify the effects of different bioactives on physico-chemical properties of dispersions. Dispersions formulated with cranberry extract demonstrated the largest increases in surface tensions, viscosities, and particle sizes, while those formulated with beet extract were the least affected by the presence of bioactives, suggesting that different bioactives and extracts had varying propensities for complexation interactions with WPI, despite their relatively low levels of addition (0, 0.5, and 1%).

关键词： Whey protein Concentrated dispersions Polyphenols Extracts Physico-chemical properties

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Hereditary pancreatitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2003年第1期9卷 1-4页

作者： richard m Charnley Consultant Surgeon Freeman HospitalNewcastle upon TyneNE7 7DNUK

Hereditary pancreatitis is an autosomal dominant condition,which results in recurrent attacks of acute pancreatitis,progressing to chronic pancreatitis often at a young *** majority of patients with hereditary pancreatitis expressone of two mutations (R122H or N29I) in the cationictrypsinogen gene (PRSS1 gene). It has been hypothesisedthat one of these mutations, the R122H mutation causespancreatitis by altering a trypsin recognition site sopreventing deactivation of trypsin within the pancreas andprolonging its action, resulting in autodigestion. Families withthese two mutations have been identified in many countriesand there are also other rarer mutations, which have alsobeen linked to hereditary *** with hereditary pancreatitis present in the sameway as those with sporadic pancreatitis but at an earlierage. It is common for patients to remain undiagnosed formany years, particularly ifthey present with non-specificsymptoms. Hereditary pancreatitis should always beconsidered in patients who present with recurrent pancreatitiswith a family history of pancreatic disease. If patients withthe 2 common mutations are compared, those with theR122H mutation are more likely to present at a younger ageand are more likely to require surgical intervention than thosewith N29I. Hereditary pancreatitis carries a 40 % lifetimerisk of pancreatic cancer with those patients aged between50 to 70 being most at risk in whom screening tests maybecome important.

关键词： Trypsin Genetic Counseling Genetic Screening Humans Pancreatitis Point mutation Risk Factors Trypsinogen

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Effects of Aronia polyphenols on the physico-chemical properties of whey,soy,and pea protein isolate dispersions

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Food Production, Processing and Nutrition 2021年第1期3卷 391-405页

作者： mackenzie m.Hansen richard W.Hartel Yrjö H.Roos Food Technology School of Food and Nutritional SciencesUniversity College CorkCorkIreland Department of Food Science College of Agricultural and Life SciencesUniversity of WisconsinOffice A11Babcock Hall1605 Linden DriveMadisonWI 53706USA

Bioactive compounds including polyphenols(PP)have been observed to naturally form non-covalent complexation interactions with proteins under mild pH and temperature conditions,affecting protein structures and ***,addition of Aronia berry PP to liquid dispersions containing whey protein isolate(WPI)and sucrose was found to alter characteristics including viscosity,surface tension,and particle sizes,with changes being attributed to protein-PP *** this study we aimed to investigate whether Aronia PP would interact with soy and pea protein isolates(SPI and PPI,respectively)to a similar extent as with WPI in liquid protein-sucrose-PP *** hypothesized that formulations containing PPI(comprised of larger proteins)and hydrolyzed SPI(containing more carboxyl groups)may exhibit increased viscosities and decreased aggregate sizes due to enhanced protein-PP *** liquid dispersions of varied ratios of protein to sucrose contents,containing different protein isolates(WPI,SPI,and PPI),and varied Aronia PP concentrations were formulated,and physical properties were evaluated to elucidate the effects of PP *** addition altered physical characteristics differently depending on the protein isolate used,with changes attributed to protein-PP *** and PPI appeared to have higher propensities for PP interactions and exhibited more extensive shifts in physical properties than WPI *** findings may be useful for practical applications such as formulating products containing fruit and proteins to obtain desirable sensory attributes.

关键词： Whey protein Soy protein Pea protein Polyphenols Concentrated dispersions Physico-chemical properties

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Risk factors for schistosomiasis in an urban area in northern Cote d’Ivoire

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2018年第1期7卷 460-471页

作者： richard k.m’Bra Brama kone Yapi G.Yapi kigbafori D.Silue Ibrahima Sy Danielle Vienneau Nagnin Soro Gueladio Cisse Jurg Utzinger Unitede Formation et de Recherche des Sciences de la Terre et des Ressources minieres Universite Felix Houphouet-Boigny01 BP V 34Abidjan 01Cpte d’Ivoire Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Cpte d’Ivoire 01 BP 1303Abidjan 01Cote d’Ivoire Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute P.O.BoxCH-4002BaselSwitzerland University of Basel P.O.BoxCH-4003BaselSwitzerland Institut de Gestion Agropastorale UniversitéPéléforo Gon CoulibalyBP 1328KorhogoCote d’Ivoire Centre d’Entomologie medicale et Veterinaire Universite Alassane Ouattara27 BP 529Abidjan 27Cote d’Ivoire Unitede Formation et de Recherche Biosciences Universite Felix Houphouet-Boigny22 BP 522Abidjan 22Cote d’Ivoire Centre de Suivi Ecologique BP 15532DakarSenegal.

Background:Schistosomiasis is a water-based disease transmitted by trematodes belonging to the genus *** aim of this study was to assess the relationship between the prevalence of schistosomiasis and access to water,sanitation and hygiene(WASH)and environmental and socioeconomic factors in the city of korhogo,northern Côte d'***:A cross-sectional study including 728 randomly selected households was conducted in korhogo in march *** heads of the households were interviewed about access to WASH and environmental and socioeconomic *** children abed between 5 and 15 years living in the households were selected to provide stool and urine samples for parasitological diagnosis of Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma haematobium *** relationship between infection with *** and potential risk factors was analysed by a mixed logistic regression model with‘household’as a random *** ratio tests were used to identify factors that were significantly associated with a Schistosoma ***:The overall prevalence of schistosomiasis among school-aged children in korhogo was 1.9%(45/2341)composed of 0.3%(3/1248)*** and 3.5%(42/1202)*** to the low prevalence of *** infection,risk factor analysis was limited to *** were 7.8 times more likely to be infected with *** than *** between 10 and 15 years of age were 3.8 times more likely to be infected than their younger counterparts aged 5-10 ***,living in a house further away from a water access point(odds ratio[OR]=0.29,95%confidence interval[CI]:0.13-0.70)and abstaining from swimming in open freshwater bodies(OR=0.16,95%CI:0.04-0.56)were significantly associated with decreased odds of *** *** socioeconomic status did not appear to influence the prevalence of ***:A strategy to reduce the incidence of schistosomiasis should focus on health education to change the b

关键词： Cote d’Ivoire Schistosomiasis School-aged children Urban agriculture Vulnerability index Water Sanitation and Hygiene(WASH)

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Activation of Transition metal(Fe,Co and Ni)-Oxide Nanoclusters by Nitrogen Defects in Carbon Nanotube for Selective CO_(2) Reduction Reaction

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Energy & Environmental materials 2023年第1期6卷 253-263页

作者： Yi Cheng Jinfan Chen Chujie Yang Huiping Wang Bernt Johannessen Lars Thomsen martin saunders Jianping Xiao Shize Yang San Ping Jiang Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering School of Metallurgy and EnvironmentCentral South UniversityChangsha 410083China Institute of materials China Academy of Engineering PhysicsP.O.Box 9071-12Mianyang 621907China Australian Synchrotron ANSTOClayton Vic.3168Australia Centre for microscopy Characterization and Analysis(CMCA)The University of Western AustraliaCrawley WA 6009Australia State key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalian 116023China Eyring materials Center Arizona State UniversityTempe AZ 85257USA WA School of mines:minerals Energy&Chemical EngineeringCurtin UniversityPerth WA 6102Australia

The electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR),which can produce value-added chemical feedstocks,is a proton-coupled-electron process with sluggish ***,highly efficient,cheap catalysts are urgently *** metal oxides such as CoO_(x),FeO_(x),and NiO_(x)are low-cost,low toxicity,and abundant materials for a wide range of electrochemical reactions,but are almost inert for CO_(2)***,we report for the first time that nitrogen doped carbon nanotubes(N-CNT)have a surprising activation effect on the activity and selectivity of transition metal-oxide(mO_(x)where m=Fe,Ni,and Co)nanoclusters for CO_(2)***_(x)supported on N-CNT,mO_(x)/N-CNT,achieves a CO yield of 2.6–2.8 mmol cm−2 min−1 at an overpotential of−0.55 V,which is two orders of magnitude higher than mO_(x)supported on acid treated CNTs(mO_(x)/O-CNT)and four times higher than pristine *** faraday efficiency for electrochemical CO_(2)-to-CO conversion is as high as 90.3%at overpotential of 0.44 *** in-situ XAS measurements and DFT calculations disclose that mO_(x)nanoclusters can be hydrated in CO_(2)saturated kHCO_(3),and the N defects of N-CNT effectively stabilize these metal hydroxyl species under carbon dioxide reduction reaction conditions,which can split the water molecules and provide local protons to inhibit the poisoning of active sites under carbon dioxide reduction reaction conditions.

关键词： activation effect electrochemical CO_(2)reduction reaction N defect proton-coupled electron transfer process transition metal oxide nanocluster

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National assessment of Canadian pandemic preparedness: Employing InFluNet to identify high-risk areas for inter-wave vaccine distribution

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Infectious Disease modelling 2017年第3期2卷 341-352页

作者： Patrick saunders-Hastings Bryson Quinn Hayes Robert Smith Daniel krewski University of Ottawa McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment850 Peter Morand CrescentOttawaOntarioK1G 5Z3Canada University of Ottawa School of EpidemiologyPublic Healthand Preventive MedicineFaculty of Medicine451 Smyth RoadOttawaONK1H 8M5Canada University of Ottawa Department of Mathematics585 King Edward AvenueOttawaONK1N 6N5Canada Risk Sciences International 55 Metcalfe StreetSuite 700OttawaONK1P 6L5Canada

Background:Influenza pandemics emerge at irregular and unpredictable intervals to cause substantial health,economic and social *** health-system response is vital to mitigating the consequences of future ***:We developed a mathematical model to assess the preparedness of Canadian health systems to accommodate pandemic-related increases in patient *** identify vulnerable areas,assess the potential of inter-wave vaccination to mitigate impacts and evaluate the association between demographic and health-system characteristics in order to identify predictors of pandemic ***:modelled average attack rates were 23.7e37.2%with no intervention and 2.5 e6.4%with *** acute-care demand was 7.5e19.5%of capacity with no intervention and 0.6e2.6%with *** peak ICU demand was 39.3e101.8%with no intervention and 2.9e13.3%with *** mortality was 2258 e7944 with no intervention and 88e472 with *** of Southern Ontario were identified as most vulnerable to surges in patient *** strongest predictors of peak acute-care demand and ICU demand were acute-care bed capacity(R=0.8697;r^2=0.7564)and ICU bed capacity(R=0.8151;r^2=0.6644),*** characteristics had mild associations with predicted pandemic ***:Inter-wave vaccination provided adequate acute-care resource protection under all scenarios;ICU resource adequacy was protected under mild disease assumptions,but moderate and severe diseases caused demand to exceed expected availability in 21%and 49%of study areas,*** study informs priority vaccine distribution strategies for pandemic planning,emphasizing the need for targeted early vaccine distribution to high-risk individuals and areas.

关键词： consequences distribution Canadian

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In memoriam:*** ***

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2021年第4期9卷 485-489页

作者： Dennis C.Flanagan richard m.Cruse James L.Baker Paige Chyu USDA-Agricultural Research Service National Soil Erosion Research LaboratoryWest LafayetteINUSA Department of Agronomy Iowa State UniversityAmesIAUSA Department of Agricultural&Biosystems Engineering Iowa State UniversityAmesIAUSA International Research and Training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation BeijingChina

The soil erosion research and soil and water conservation global community lost a treasured member on November 20,2020,when *** matthew Laflen(Fig.1)*** one with a friendly welcoming smile,John had hundreds of friends,both personally and professionally throughout the *** article includes many of his professional and scientific contributions,and impacts from his research and outreach activities.

关键词： soil hundreds professional

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Twenty-first century climate change and submerged aquatic vegetation in a temperate estuary:the case of Chesapeake Bay

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Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2017年第7期3卷 14-34页

作者： Thomas m.Arnold richard C.Zimmerman katharina A.m.Engelhardt J.Court Stevenson Departments of Biology and Environmental Studies Dickinson CollegeCarlislePAUSA Department of Ocean Earth and Atmospheric SciencesOld Dominion UniversityNorfolkVAUSA Appalachian Laboratory University of Maryland Center for Environmental ScienceFrostburgMDUSA Horn Point Laboratory University of Maryland Center for Environmental ScienceCambridgeMDUSA

Introduction:The Chesapeake Bay was once renowned for expansive meadows of submerged aquatic vegetation(SAV).However,only 10%of the original meadows *** restoration effortswill be complicated by accelerating climate change,including physiological stressors such as a predicted mean temperature increase of 2-6℃and a 50-160%increase in CO_(2)***:As the Chesapeake Bay begins to exhibit characteristics of a subtropical estuary,summer heat waves will become more frequent and *** alone would eventually eliminate eelgrass(Zostera marina)from the *** will favor native heat-tolerant species such as widgeon grass(Ruppia maritima)while facilitating colonization by non-native seagrasses(e.g.,Halodule spp.).Intensifying human activity will also fuel coastal zone acidification and the resulting high CO_(2)/low pH conditions may benefit SAV via a“CO_(2)fertilization effect.”Discussion:Acidification is known to offset the effects of thermal stress and may have similar effects in estuaries,assuming water clarity is sufficient to support CO_(2)-stimulated photosynthesis and plants are not overgrown by ***,coastal zone acidification is variable,driven mostly by local biological processes that may or may not always counterbalance the effects of regional *** precarious equipoise between two forces-thermal stress and acidification-will be critically important because it may ultimately determine the fate of cool-water plants such as Zostera marina in the Chesapeake ***:The combined impacts of warming,coastal zone acidification,water clarity,and overgrowth of competing algae will determine the fate of SAV communities in rapidly changing temperate estuaries.

关键词： Submerged aquatic vegetation climate temperature coastal acidification Chesapeake Bay

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