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Unpaved road erosion after heavy storms in mountain areas of northern China

International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2022年第1期10卷 29-37页

作者： Chunmei Wang Baoyuan Liu Qinke Yang Guowei Pang Yongqing Long Lei Wang richard m.cruse Weiqin Dang Xin Liu Enheng Wang Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity College of Urban and Environmental SciencesNorthwest UniversityXi'an710127PR China Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Ecological Hydrology and Disaster Prevention in Arid Regions Xi'an710048PR China Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences Beijing Normal University at ZhuhaiZhuhai519087PR China State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology School of GeographyBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875PR China Department of Agronomy Iowa State UniversityAmesIA50011USA Suide Experimental Station for Soil and Water Conservation the Yellow River Conservancy CommissionYulinShaanxi719000PR China Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem management-ministry of Education Northeast Forestry UniversityHarbinHeilongjiang150040PR China

more frequent extreme rainfall events associated with global climate change cause greater challenges for soil *** erosion occurs on many unpaved roads since these structures create important water flow paths during heavy *** present research aimed to investigate the intensity and influencing factors of unpaved road erosion under varied land use and management conditions(sloping cropland,terraced cropland,forest&grass).The erosion occurred in the watersheds contributing runoff water to roads after the greatest rainfall event recorded in the mountain area of northern China caused by Typhon *** research was conducted in an agricultural-forest-dominated watershed based on field investigation and UAV-based image analysis.A road erosion level classification standard was given according to the occurrence of rills,ephemeral gullies,and *** erosion happened on 67% of the unpaved roads;42% of them suffered moderate to severe erosion in which ephemeral gullies or gullies *** average erosion amount from these roads was 2280.75 t ha-1 and was significantly influenced by the watershed land use type and *** dominant factor governing unpaved road erosion associated with terraced cropland was vegetation coverage on *** area was the most important factor for road erosion in sloping cropland and forest&grass land,and road gradient was also a critical ***,and forest&grass in drainage areas significantly reduced unpaved road erosion by 85%and,47%,respectively,compared to sloping *** integrated measures should be used to prevent unpaved road *** results of this research can be applied to road protection against erosion in heavy storms.

关键词： Unpaved road erosion Heavy storm Gully Land management Climate change

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In memoriam:*** ***

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2021年第4期9卷 485-489页

作者： Dennis C.Flanagan richard m.cruse James L.Baker Paige Chyu USDA-Agricultural Research Service National Soil Erosion Research LaboratoryWest LafayetteINUSA Department of Agronomy Iowa State UniversityAmesIAUSA Department of Agricultural&Biosystems Engineering Iowa State UniversityAmesIAUSA International Research and Training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation BeijingChina

The soil erosion research and soil and water conservation global community lost a treasured member on November 20,2020,when *** matthew Laflen(Fig.1)*** one with a friendly welcoming smile,John had hundreds of friends,both personally and professionally throughout the *** article includes many of his professional and scientific contributions,and impacts from his research and outreach activities.

关键词： soil hundreds professional

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Impacts of horizontal resolution and downscaling on the USLE LS factor for different terrains

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2020年第4期8卷 363-372页

作者： Chunmei Wang Linxin Shan Xin Liu Qinke Yang richard m.cruse Baoyuan Liu Rui Li Hongming Zhang Guowei Pang Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity Northwest UniversityXi'an710127PR China College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Northwest UniversityXi'an710127PR China Key Laboratory of National Forestry Administration on Ecological Hydrology and Disaster Prevention in Arid Regions Xi'an University of TechnologyXi'an 710048PR China Department of Agronomy Iowa State UniversityAmesIA50011USA Xi'an Institute of Prospecting and mapping Xi'an710054PRChina Faculty of Geographical Science Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875PR China State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau Institute of Soil and Water ConservationNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling712100ShaanxiPR China College of Information Engineering Northwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxi712100China

Slope length and slope steepness are critical topographic factors(L and S)in the Universal Soil Loss Equation(USLE)and Chinese Soil Loss Equation(CSLE)for soil erosion *** slope length and slope gradient are potentially sensitive to spatial resolution when calculated in a GIS *** resolution effect on the LS factor and approaches suitable for improving the LS factor at a coarse resolution have not been well *** address this problem,the LS factor at 5-m and 30-m resolution in twenty-four watersheds with various terrains was *** a downscale model based on matching of the lower resolution LS cumulative frequency curves to a higher resolution("Histogram matching"method)was tested for its potential to improve LS factor estimation *** the larger relief mountainous area,compared to 5-m resolution,the 30-m resolution generated LS was generally overestimated by more than 20%and in lower relief areas underestimated by more than 15%.This bias is less than 10%in medium relief *** downscale model improved LS factor estimates compared to the 30-m resolution estimate by more than 10%when comparing frequency distribution curves and more than 20%in mean values in larger relief *** downscale model worked well in all regions except for the low relief areas,which intuitively are the low soil erosion potential *** results of this research help quantify the uncertainty in soil erosion estimates and may ultimately help to improve the assessment of soil erosion through its impact on LS factor estimates,especially at regional and global scales.

关键词： LS factor SRTm Resolution Downscale USLE

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Guest editorial-soil erosion assessment, tools and data: A special issue from the Global Symposium on soil Erosion 2019

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2020年第4期8卷 333-336页

作者： Clara Lefèvre richard m.cruse Lucia Helena Cunha dos Anjos Costanza Calzolari Nigussie Haregeweyn Global Soil Partnership Secretariat Food and Agriculture Organization of the United NationsViale delle Terme di CaracallaRomeItaly Department of Agronomy Iowa State UniversityAmesIA500011USA Department of Soils Federal University of Rio de JaneiroSeropédicaRJ23890-000Brazil Intergovernmental Technical Panel on Soils Food and Agriculture Organization of the United NationsRomeItaly CNR Institute for Bioeconomy Sesto FiorentinoItaly International Platform for Dryland Research and Education Tottori University1390 HamasakaTottori680-0001Japan

This special issue on soil erosion assessment,tools and data creation,consolidation and harmonization presents advances in soil erosion research with a focus on new tools that are being used to assess soil erosion *** publication includes eleven selected contributions presented at the Global Symposium on Soil Erosion(GSER,15-17 may 2019,Rome,Italy)dealing with erosion indicators'improvement,the use of remote sensing,nuclear techniques and geochemical fingerprinting as promising methods to assess soil losses,management practices that reduce soil erosion in vineyards and olive groves plantations and their modelling,and national and regional erosion assessments.

关键词： soil erosion dealing

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Autolysosomal acidification impairment as a mediator for TNFR1 induced neuronal necroptosis in Alzheimer’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第9期19卷 1869-1870页

作者： Evridiki Asimakidou richard Reynolds Anna m.Barron Chih Hung Lo Department of Clinical Neurosciences University of CambridgeCambridgeUK Department of Brain Sciences Faculty of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK Lee Kong Chian School of medicine Nanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore

Neuronal necroptosis-an emerging form of regulated cell death associated with neuroinflammatory signaling:Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is characterized by the presence of extracellular amyloid-β(Aβ)plaques and intracellular tau neurofibrillary tangles as well as progressive neuronal *** evidence has suggested that prolonged neuroinflammation with increased levels of cytokines,arising from neuronal injury,innate immune responses from glial cells,and peripheral inflammation,leads to neuronal death and AD progression.

关键词： Alzheimer death tau Aβ

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土壤侵蚀日发布系统

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土壤与作物 2017年第4期6卷 312-319页

作者：陈学文 richard m.cruse Brian K.Gelder Timothy J.Sklenar Daryl E.Herzmann David E.James 李浩张兴义中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所黑土区农业生态重点实验室黑龙江哈尔滨150081 Iowa State University AmesIA 50011USA National Laboratory for Agriculture and Environment United States Department of AgricultureAmesIA 50011USA

土壤侵蚀发布系统作为定量研究土壤侵蚀过程的重要工具,一直是土壤侵蚀学科的前沿领域,其对于估算土壤流失速度、评估水土保持措施效益具有重要的科学意义。然而,现有土壤侵蚀发布系统多仅依靠一年内降雨事件或利用多年平均降雨数据进... 详细信息

土壤侵蚀发布系统作为定量研究土壤侵蚀过程的重要工具,一直是土壤侵蚀学科的前沿领域,其对于估算土壤流失速度、评估水土保持措施效益具有重要的科学意义。然而,现有土壤侵蚀发布系统多仅依靠一年内降雨事件或利用多年平均降雨数据进行潜在土壤侵蚀程度估算,无法对一次平均水平的土壤侵蚀事件进行定量描述,更无法回答土壤侵蚀在何时何地发生,侵蚀动态如何变化,以及降雨、地形、土壤、作物管理方式和极端事件的时空变化对土壤侵蚀的影响。作为土壤侵蚀发布系统领域最新研究进展的土壤侵蚀日发布系统DEP(Daily Erosion Project),解决了以往土壤侵蚀发布系统中出现的上述问题。DEP基于侵蚀模型、地理信息、土地利用、植被变化等信息,逐日模拟降雨、径流、剥离、土壤流失等定量指标,结合第二代气象雷达云图生成土壤侵蚀分布图,实现以日为步长的土壤侵蚀发布,成为首个土壤侵蚀日发布系统,已在美国成功应用。本文详细介绍了土壤侵蚀日发布系统,并对实例进行了分析,探讨了该系统在我国土壤侵蚀发布研究与应用中的前景。

关键词：土壤侵蚀发布系统 WEPP 激光雷达第二代气象雷达数字高程模型支流集水区

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024年第2期10卷 97-104页

作者： mihai A.Bentan Evan R.Reiter richard m.Costanzo Daniel H.Coelho Department of Otolaryngology-Head&Neck Surgery Virginia Commonwealth University School of MedicineRichmondVirginiaUSA

Objective:The aim of this study was to review findings from a large prospective national database of chemosensory disturbances associated with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)*** Sources:The Virginia Commonwealth University Smell and Taste Center national database of COVID-19 chemosensory ***:A series of online surveys,first opened on April 10,2020,was made accessible nationwide to any adult with sudden chemosensory dysfunction since January *** received subsequent follow-up surveys 14 days,1 month,3 months,and 6 months after *** additional survey was sent to all participants on may 28,2022 to assess long-term *** pertaining to demographics,symptoms,comorbidities,treatments,and life impact was ***:Of 363 participants who reported complete smell recovery,51.2%recovered within 1 month,70%within 3 months,and 79%within 6 months,while 8.8%took over 1 year to completely *** all participants,7.5%had no smell *** predictors of recovery included agemale gender,and the presence of nasal *** predictors included difficulty breathing and prior head *** participants reported a decrease in quality of life and the presence of potential safety hazards associated with decreased smell ***:most subjects with COVID-19-related chemosensory dysfunction recover,with the majority noting complete recovery within weeks of *** aged over 40 years and female gender were associated with lower rates of recovery.A considerable number of participants reported significant impact on quality of life and safety.

关键词： anosmia COVID-19 smell

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Carbon dioxide enrichment affected flower numbers transiently and increased successful post-pollination development stably but without altering final acorn production in mature pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.)

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第4期35卷 1-12页

作者： Ryan mcClory richard H.Ellis martin Lukac Jo Clark Carolina mayoral Kris m.Hart Andrew R.G.Plackett A.Rob macKenzie School of Agriculture Policy and DevelopmentUniversity of ReadingAgricultureEarley GateWhiteknights RoadPO Box 237Reading RG66EUUK Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences Czech University of Life Sciences PraguePrague 165000Czechia Future Trees Trust Harwell Innovation CentreBuilding 173Curie AvenueHarwellOxford OX110QGUK Birmingham Institute of Forest Research University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUK School of Biosciences University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUK School of Geography Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUK

Acorn production in oak(Quercus spp.)shows considerable inter-annual variation,known as masting,which provides a natural defence against seed predators but a highly-variable supply of acorns for uses such as in commercial tree planting each *** emissions of greenhouse gases have been very widely reported to influence plant growth and seed or fruit size and quantity via the‘fertilisation effect’that leads to enhanced *** examine if acorn production in mature woodland communities will be affected by further increase in CO_(2),the contents of litter traps from a Free Air Carbon Enrichment(FACE)experiment in deciduous woodland in central England were analysed for numbers of flowers and acorns of pedunculate oak(Quercus robur L.)at different stages of development and their predation levels under ambient and elevated CO_(2) ***-annual variation in acorn numbers was considerable and cyclical between 2015 and 2021,with the greatest numbers of mature acorns in 2015,2017 and 2020 but almost none in *** numbers of flowers,enlarged cups,immature acorns,empty acorn cups,and galls in the litter traps also varied amongst years;comparatively high numbers of enlarged cups were recorded in 2018,suggesting *** at this site is a fruit maturation masting species(i.e.,the extent of abortion of pollinated flowers during acorn development affects mature acorn numbers greatly).Raising the atmospheric CO_(2) concentration by 150μL L^(−1),from early 2017,increased the numbers of immature acorns,and all acorn evidence(empty cups+immature acorns+mature acorns)detected in the litter traps compared to ambient controls by 2021,but did not consistently affect the numbers of flowers,enlarged cups,empty cups,or mature *** number of flowers in the elevated CO_(2) plots’litter traps was greater in 2018 than 2017,one year after CO_(2) enrichment began,whereas numbers declined in ambient *** with CO_(2) also increased the number o

关键词： Quercus robur L. Acorns masting Pedunculate oak Carbon dioxide

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Biofabrication of nanocomposite-based scaffolds containing human bone extracellularmatrix for the differentiation of skeletal stem and progenitor cells

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Bio-Design and manufacturing 2024年第2期7卷 121-136页

作者： Yang-Hee Kim Janos m.Kanczler Stuart Lanham Andrew Rawlings marta Roldo Gianluca Tozzi Jonathan I.Dawson Gianluca Cidonio richard O.C.Oreffo Faculty of medicine Bone and Joint Research GroupCentre for Human DevelopmentStem Cells and RegenerationInstitute of Developmental SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthampton SO166YDUK School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science University of PortsmouthPortsmouth PO12DTUK School of Engineering Faculty of Engineering and ScienceUniversity of GreenwichGreenwich ME44TBUK Center for Life Nano-and Neuro-Science(CLN2S) Italian Institute of Technology00161 RomeItaly

Autograft or metal implants are routinely used in skeletal ***,they fail to provide long-term clinical resolution,necessitating a functional biomimetic tissue engineering *** use of native human bone tissue for synthesizing a biomimeticmaterial inkfor three-dimensional(3D)bioprintingof skeletal tissueis anattractivestrategyfor ***,human bone extracellular matrix(bone-ECm)offers an exciting potential for the development of an appropriate microenvironment for human bone marrow stromal cells(HBmSCs)to proliferate and differentiate along the osteogenic *** this study,we engineered a novel material ink(LAB)by blending human bone-ECm(B)with nanoclay(L,Laponite®)and alginate(A)polymers using extrusion-based *** inclusion of the nanoﬁller and polymeric material increased the rheology,printability,and drug retention properties and,critically,the preservation of HBmSCs viability upon *** composite of human bone-ECm-based 3D constructs containing vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)enhanced vascularization after implantation in an ex vivo chick chorioallantoic membrane(CAm)*** inclusion of bone morphogenetic protein-2(BmP-2)with the HBmSCs further enhanced vascularization and mineralization after only seven *** study demonstrates the synergistic combination of nanoclay with biomimetic materials(alginate and bone-ECm)to support the formation of osteogenic tissue both in vitro and ex vivo and offers a promising novel 3D bioprinting approach to personalized skeletal tissue repair.

关键词： Extracellular matrix Nanoclay Bone 3D bioprinting

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Dual-Fields Rotational Total Skin Electron Therapy: Investigation and Implementation

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International Journal of medical Physics, Clinical Engineering and Radiation Oncology 2024年第1期13卷 1-15页

作者： m. ming Xu Iris Rusu richard P. Garza Northwestern medicine Cancer Center Warrenville and Geneva Illinois USA Department of Radiation Oncology Loyola University Medical Center Maywood Illinois USA The Austin Center for Radiation Oncology Austin Texas USA

Purpose: To present a protocol of a dual-field rotational (DFR) total skin electron therapy (TSET) and to provide an assessment of clinical implementation, dosimetry properties, and skin dose evaluation. methods and materials: The DFR-TSET combined the Stanford 6-field and mcGill rotational methods. Dual 6 meV electron beams in high dose total skin electron mode were used for DFR-TSET on a commercial linac. Beam profiles and dosimetric properties were measured using solid phantoms. The dose rate at expanded source-to-surface distance (SSD) was a combination of static rate and rotational rate. In vivo dosimetry of patient skin was performed on patients’ skin using film, metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors (mOSFET), and optically stimulated luminescent dosimeters (OSLD). Results: Dual field rotational total skin electron therapy exhibited good (≤±10%) uniformity in the beam profiles in the vertical direction at an extended SSD of 332 cm with a gantry angulation of ±20˚ deviated from the horizontal direction. In-vivo measurements confirmed acceptable uniformity of the patients’ total body surfaces and revealed anatomically self-blocked or shielded areas where underdosing occurred. Conclusions: The clinical implementation of DFR-TSET effectively utilizes the special mode on a linac. This technique provides short beam-on times, uniform dose distribution, large treatment field, and reduced dose of x-ray contamination to the patients. In-vivo measurements indicate satisfactory delivery and dose uniformity of the prescribed dose. Electron boost fields are recommended at normal SSDs to address underdosed areas.

关键词： Total Skin Electron Therapy Stanford 6 Field mcGill Rotation Therapy In-Vivo Dosimetry

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