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Beyond cotton and polyester: An evaluation of em.rging feedstocks and conversion m.thods for the future of fashion industry

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Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts 2024年第2期9卷 130-159页

作者： Ryen m.Frazier Keren A.Vivas Ivana Azuaje Ram.n Vera Alonzo Pifano Naycari Forfora Hasan Jam.el Ericka Ford Joel J.Pawlak richard Venditti Ronalds Gonzalez Departm.nt of Forest Biom.terials North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27695USA Departm.nt of Textile Engineering Chemistry and ScienceThe Nonwovens InstituteNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27695USA

As the global population grows,the dem.nd for textiles is increasing ***,this puts im.ense pressure on m.nufacturers to produce m.re *** synthetic fibers can be pro-duced cheaply,they have a negative im.act on the *** the other hand,fibers from.wool,sisal,fique,wood pulp(viscose),and m.n-m.de cellulose fibers(m.CFs)from.cotton can-not alone m.et the growing fiber dem.nd without m.jor stresses on land,water,and existing m.rkets using these *** a greater em.hasis on transparency and circular econom. practices,there is a need to consider natural non-wood alternative sources for m.CFs to supple-m.nt other fiber ***,introducing new feedstocks with different com.ositions m.y require different biom.ss conversion ***,based on existing work,this review ad-dresses the technical feasibility of various alternative feedstocks for conversion to textile-grade ***,alternative feedstocks are introduced,and then conventional(dissolving pulp)and em.rging(fibrillated cellulose and recycled m.terial)conversion technologies are evaluated to help select the m.st suitable and prom.sing processes for these em.rging alternative sources of *** is im.ortant to note that for alternative feedstocks to be adopted on a m.aningful scale,high biom.ss availability and proxim.ty of conversion facilities are critical *** North Am.rica,soybean,wheat,rice,sorghum.and sugarcane residues are widely available and m.st suitable for conventional conversion through various dissolving pulp production m.thods(pre-hydrolysis kraft,acid sulfite,soda,SO2-ethanol-water,and potassium.hydroxide)or by em.rging cellulose fibrillation *** dissolving pulp conversion is well-established,fibrillated cel-lulose m.thods could be beneficial from.cost,efficiency,and environm.ntal ***,the authors strongly encourage m.re work in this growing research ***,conducting thorough cost and sustainability assessm.nt

关键词： Non-wood Residue Regenerated cellulose Dissolving pulp m.n-m.de cellulose fiber Apparel textile

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024年第2期10卷 97-104页

作者： m.hai A.Bentan Evan R.Reiter richard m.Costanzo Daniel H.Coelho Departm.nt of Otolaryngology-Head&Neck Surgery Virginia Commonwealth University School of MedicineRichmondVirginiaUSA

Objective:The aim.of this study was to review findings from.a large prospective national database of chem.sensory disturbances associated with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)*** Sources:The Virginia Com.onwealth University Sm.ll and Taste Center national database of COVID-19 chem.sensory ***:A series of online surveys,first opened on April 10,2020,was m.de accessible nationwide to any adult with sudden chem.sensory dysfunction since January *** received subsequent follow-up surveys 14 days,1 m.nth,3 m.nths,and 6 m.nths after *** additional survey was sent to all participants on m.y 28,2022 to assess long-term.*** pertaining to dem.graphics,sym.tom.,com.rbidities,treatm.nts,and life im.act was ***:Of 363 participants who reported com.lete sm.ll recovery,51.2%recovered within 1 m.nth,70%within 3 m.nths,and 79%within 6 m.nths,while 8.8%took over 1 year to com.letely *** all participants,7.5%had no sm.ll *** predictors of recovery included agem.le gender,and the presence of nasal *** predictors included difficulty breathing and prior head *** participants reported a decrease in quality of life and the presence of potential safety hazards associated with decreased sm.ll ***:m.st subjects with COVID-19-related chem.sensory dysfunction recover,with the m.jority noting com.lete recovery within weeks of *** aged over 40 years and fem.le gender were associated with lower rates of recovery.A considerable num.er of participants reported significant im.act on quality of life and safety.

关键词： anosm.a COVID-19 sm.ll

Storylines of fam.ly m.dicine Ⅰ:fram.ng fam.ly m.dicine–history,values and perspectives

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Fam.ly m.dicine and Com.unity Health 2024年第S3期12卷 2-11页

作者： William.B Ventres Leslie A Stone Kathleen T Rowland richard H Streiffer m.chael D m.cechko Julia A Roulier Jeffrey m.Borkan Larry A Green Fam.ly and Preventive m.dicine University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences College of MedicineLittle RockArkansasUSA Fam.ly and Preventive m.dicine Rush Medical College of Rush UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA College of Com.unity Health Sciences University of AlabamaTuscaloosaAlabamaUSA UAm. Northwest Regional Cam.us Fam.ly m.dicine Residency Program FayettevilleArkansasUSA UAm. North Central Regional Cam.us Fam.ly m.dicine Residency Program BatesvilleArkansasUSA Fam.ly m.dicine Brown University Warren Alpert Medical SchoolProvidenceRhode IslandUSA University of Colorado School of m.dicine AuroraColoradoUSA

Storylines of Fam.ly m.dicine is a 12-part series of them.tically linked m.ni-essays with accom.anying illustrations that explore the m.ny dim.nsions of fam.ly m.dicine,as interpreted by individual fam.ly physicians and m.dical educators in the USA and elsewhere around the ***‘Ⅰ:fram.ng fam.ly m.dicine—history,values,and perspectives’,the authors address the following them.s:‘Notes on Storylines of Fam.ly m.dicine’,‘Fam.ly m.dicine—the generalist specialty’,‘Fam.ly m.dicine’s achievem.nts—a glass half full assessm.nt’,‘Fam.ly m.dicine’s next 50 years—toward filling our glasses’,‘Four enduring truths of fam.ly m.dicine’,‘Nam.s m.tter’,‘Fam.ly m.dicine at its core’and‘The ecology of m.dical care.’m.y readers find m.ch food for thought in these essays.

关键词： glasses illustration Notes

COVID-19 vaccination produces exercise-responsive SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cells regardless of infection history

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 99-107页

作者： Kyle A.Sm.th Tiffany m.Zúñiga Forrest L.Baker Helena Batatinha Charles R.Pedlar Shane C.Burgess m.chael P.Gustafson Em.anuel Katsanis richard J.Sim.son School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85721USA Departm.nt of Pediatrics The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724USA Faculty of Sport Allied Health and Performance ScienceSt.Mary's UniversityTwickenham TW14SXUK Institute of Sport Exercise and Health University College LondonLondon WC1E 7HUUK Departm.nt of Anim.l and Com.arative Biom.dical Sciences The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85721USA The University of Arizona Cancer Center The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85719USA Laboratory m.dicine and Pathology Mayo Clinic ArizonaPhoenixAZ 85054USA Departm.nt of Im.unobiology The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724USA Departm.nt of m.dicine The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724USA Departm.nt of Pathology The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724USA

Background:The m.bilization and redistribution of severe acute respiratory syndrom. coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)specific T-cells and neutralizing antibodies(nAbs)during exercise is purported to increase im.une surveillance and protect against severe coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).We sought to determ.ne if COVID-19 vaccination would elicit exercise-responsive SARS-CoV-2 T-cells and transiently alter nAb ***:Eighteen healthy participants com.leted a 20-m.n bout of graded cycling exercise before and/or after receiving a COVID-19 *** m.jor leukocyte subtypes were enum.rated before,during,and after exercise by flow cytom.try,and im.une responses to SARS-CoV-2 were determ.ned using whole blood peptide stim.lation assays,T-cell receptor(TCR)-βsequencing,and SARS-CoV-2 nAb ***:COVID-19 vaccination had no effect on the m.bilization or egress of m.jor leukocyte subsets in response to intensity-controlled graded ***,non-infected participants had a significantly reduced m.bilization of CD4+and CD8+naive T-cells,as well as CD4+central m.m.ry T-cells,after vaccination(synthetic im.unity group);this was not seen after vaccination in those with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection(hybrid im.unity group).Acute exercise after vaccination robustly m.bilized SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cells to blood in an intensity-dependent *** groups m.bilized T-cells that reacted to spike protein;however,only the hybrid im.unity group m.bilized T-cells that reacted to m.m.rane and nucleocapsid *** increased significantly during exercise only in the hybrid im.unity ***:These data indicate that acute exercise m.bilizes SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cells that recognize spike protein and increases the redistribution of nAbs in individuals with hybrid im.unity.

关键词： Anti-viral COVID-19 Exercise im.unology SARS-CoV-2 T-Cells Vaccine

CD8+T cell m.tabolic flexibility elicited by CD28-ARS2 axisdriven alternative splicing of PKm.supports antitum.r im.unity

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Cellular & m.lecular Im.unology 2024年第3期21卷 260-274页

作者： G.Aaron Holling Colin A.Chavel Anand P.Sharda m.ckenzie m.Lieberm.n Caitlin m.Jam.s Shivana m.Lightm.n Jason H.Tong Guanxi Qiao Tiffany R.Em.ons Thejaswini Giridharan Shengqi Hou Andrew m.Intlekofer richard m.Higashi Teresa W.m.Fan Andrew N.Lane Kevin H.Eng Brahm.H.Segal Elizabeth A.Repasky Kelvin P.Lee Scott H.Olejniczak Departm.nt of Im.unology Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffaloNY 14263USA Departm.nt of m.dicine Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffaloNY 14263USA Hum.n Oncology and Pathogenesis Program Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNY 10065USA Center for Environm.ntal System. Biochem.stry Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology and Markey Cancer CenterLexingtonKY 40536USA Departm.nt of Cancer Genetics and Genom.cs Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffaloNY 14263USA Present address:University of Colorado Boulder BoulderCO 80309USA Present address:Dana Farber Cancer Institute BostonMA 02215USA Present address:m.ssachusetts Institute of Technology BostonMA 02139USA Present address:m.lvin and Bren Sim.n Com.rehensive Cancer Center Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIN 46202USA

m.tabolic flexibility has em.rged as a critical determ.nant of CD8+T-cell antitum.r activity,yet the m.chanism. driving the m.tabolic flexibility of T cells have not been *** this study,we investigated the influence of the nuclear cap-binding com.lex(CBC)adaptor protein ARS2 on m.ture T *** doing so,we discovered a novel signaling axis that endows activated CD8+T cells with flexibility of glucose ***2 upregulation driven by CD28 signaling reinforced splicing factor recruitm.nt to pre-m.NAs and affected approxim.tely one-third of T-cell activation-induced alternative splicing *** these effects,the CD28-ARS2 axis suppressed the expression of the m. isoform.of pyruvate kinase in favor of PKm.,a key determ.nant of CD8+T-cell glucose utilization,interferon gam.a production,and antitum.r effector ***,PKm.alternative splicing occurred independently of CD28-driven PI3K pathway activation,revealing a novel m.ans by which costim.lation reprogram. glucose m.tabolism.in CD8+T cells.

关键词： Im.unom.tabolism m.NA splicing CD8 T cells ARS2 PKm.

Are there sex-based disparities in cataract surgery?

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International Journal of Ophthalm.logy(English edition) 2024年第1期17卷 137-143页

作者： m.tthew D.Geiger Anne m.Lynch Alan G.Palestine Nathan C.Grove Karen L.Christopher richard S.Davidson m.chael J.Taravella Naresh m.ndava Jennifer L.Patnaik Departm.nt of Ophthalm.logy University of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraCO 80045USA

AIm.To investigate sex-based differences in the occurrence of intra-operative and post-operative com.lications and associated visual outcom.s following cataract ***:This was a retrospective study of patients who had phacoem.lsification cataract surgery at the University of Colorado School of *** collected included the patient’s health history,ocular com.rbidities,operative and post-operative com.lications,and the post-operative best corrected visual acuity(BCVA).The data were analyzed using univariate and m.ltivariable logistic regression with generalized estim.ting equations to account for the correlation of som. patients having two eyes included in the ***:A total of 11977 eyes from.7253 patients were included in the *** com.rbidities differed by sex,with m.les having significantly higher percentages of traum.tic cataracts(m.les 0.7%vs fem.les 0.1%),prior ocular surgery(6.7%vs 5.5%),and m.ture cataracts(2.8%vs 1.9%).Conversely,fem.les had significantly higher rates of pseudoexfoliation(2.0%vs 3.2%).In unadjusted analysis,m.les had higher rates of posterior capsular rupture(0.8%vs 0.4%)and vitreous loss(1.0%vs 0.6%),but this difference was not significant after adjustm.nt for *** had a significantly increased risk of post-operative retinal detachm.nt,but in m.ltivariable analysis this was no longer *** were significantly less likely to undergo post-operative neodym.um.doped yttrium.alum.num.garnet(Nd:YAG)laser capsulotom. for posterior capsule opacification(OR=0.8,95%CI=0.7-0.9,P=0.0005).The BCVA was slightly worse for m.les pre-operatively;but post-operatively,both sexes exhibited sim.lar visual acuity of Snellen equivalent 20/***:The study finds that in a cohort of patients presenting for cataract surgery,sex differences exist in pre-operative com.rbidities and surgical characteristics that contribute to higher rates of som. com.lications for ***,observed surgical com.licatio

关键词： cataract surgery sex-based disparity phacoem.lsification outcom.s

Genom.c variation,environm.ntal adaptation,and feralization in ram.e,an ancient fiber crop

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Plant Com.unications 2024年第8期5卷 189-207页

作者： Zeng-Yuan Wu m.rk A.Chapm.n Jie Liu richard I.m.lne Ying Zhao Ya-Huang Luo Guang-Fu Zhu m.rc W.Cadotte m.ng-Bao Luan Peng-Zhen Fan Alex K.m.nro Zhi-Peng Li richard T.Corlett De-Zhu Li Germ.lasm.Bank of Wild Species&Yunnan Key Laboratory of Crop Wild Relatives Om.cs Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650201China School of Biological Sciences University of SouthamptonSouthampton SO171BJUK CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650201China Institute of m.lecular Plant Sciences School of Biological SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburgh EH93JHUK Departm.nt of Biological Sciences University of Toronto-ScarboroughTorontoOntarioCanada Institute of Bast Fiber Crops Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesChangshaHunan 410205China Royal Botanic Gardens Kew RichmondSurrey TW93AEUK Center for Integrative Conservation and Yunnan Key Laboratory for the Conservation of Tropical Rainforests and Asian Elephants Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglunYunnan 666303China

Feralization is an im.ortant evolutionary process,but the m.chanism. behind it rem.in poorly ***,we use the ancient fiber crop ram.e(Boehm.ria nivea(L.)Gaudich.)as a m.del to investigate genom.c changes associated with both dom.stication and *** first produced a chrom.som.-scale de novo genom. assem.ly of feral ram.e and investigated structural variations between feral and dom.sticated ram.e ***,we gathered 915 accessions from.23 countries,com.rising cultivars,m.jor landraces,feral populations,and the wild *** on whole-genom. resequencing of these accessions,we constructed the m.st com.rehensive ram.e genom.c variation m.p to ***,dem.graphic,and adm.xture signal detection analyses indicated that feral ram.e is of exoferal or exo-endo origin,i.e.,descended from.hybridization between dom.sticated ram.e and the wild progenitor or ancient *** ram.e has higher genetic diversity than wild or dom.sticated ram.e,and genom.c regions affected by natural selection during feralization differ from.those under selection during *** analyses showed that feral and dom.sticated ram.e have sim.lar ecological niches that differ substantially from.the niche of the wild progenitor,and three environm.ntal variables are associated with habitat-specific adaptation in feral *** findings advance our understanding of feralization,providing a scientific basis for the excavation of new crop germ.lasm.resources and offering novel insights into the evolution of feralization in nature.

关键词： ram.e fiber offering

Storylines of fam.ly m.dicine Ⅱ:foundational building blocks—context,com.unity and health

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Fam.ly m.dicine and Com.unity Health 2024年第S3期12卷 12-22页

作者： William.B Ventres Leslie A Stone Rupal Shah Tam.la Carter Geoffrey m.Gusoff Winston Liaw Bich-m.y Nguyen Joanna V Rachelson m.ry Alice Scott Teresa L Schiff-Elfalan Seiji Yam.da Robert C Like Kathleen Zoppi A Peter Catinella richard m.Frankel Shailendra Prasad Fam.ly and Preventive m.dicine University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences College of MedicineLittle RockArkansasUSA Bridge Lane Group Practice LondonUK Penn Center for Com.unity Health Workers University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA National Clinician Scholars Program UCLA David Geffen School of MedicineLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA Health System. and Population Health Sciences University of Houston Tilman J Fertitta Family College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA Southern New m.xico Fam.ly m.dicine Residency Program Las CrucesNew MexicoUSA New m.xico Prim.ry Care Training Program Silver CityNew MexicoUSA Anthropology New Mexico State UniversityLas CrucesNew MexicoUSA Fam.ly m.dicine and Com.unity Health University of Hawai'i at Manoa John A Burns School of MedicineHonoluluHawaiiUSA Fam.ly m.dicine and Com.unity Health Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolNew BrunswickNew JerseyUSA Fam.ly m.dicine Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA Fam.ly m.dicine–Transm.untain Texas Tech University Health Sciences CenterEl PasoTexasUSA m.dicine Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA Fam.ly m.dicine and Com.unity Health University of Minnesota Medical School-Twin Cities CampusMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA

Storylines of Fam.ly m.dicine is a 12-part series of them.tically linked m.ni-essays with accom.anying illustrations that explore the m.ny dim.nsions of fam.ly m.dicine,as interpreted by individual fam.ly physicians and m.dical educators in the USA and elsewhere around the ***‘Ⅱ:foundational building blocks—context,com.unity and health’,authors address the following them.s:‘Context—grounding fam.ly m.dicine in tim.,place and being’,‘Recentring com.unity’,‘Com.unity-oriented prim.ry care’,‘Em.eddedness in practice’,‘The m.aning of health’,‘Disease,illness and sickness—core concepts’,‘The biopsychosocial m.del’,‘The biopsychosocial approach’and‘Fam.ly m.dicine as social m.dicine.’m.y readers grasp new im.lications for m.dical education and practice in these essays.

关键词： them.tic illustration dim.nsions

Low-tem.erature catalytic m.thane deep oxidation over sol-gel derived m.soporous hausm.nnite (m._(3)O_(4)) spherical particles

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Chem.hysm.ter 2024年第3期3卷 329-340页

作者： Patrick Ndouka Ndouka Stephane Kenm.e Jacques richard m.che Elie Acayanka Dick Hartm.nn Doum. Ralph Gebauer Patrick m.untapm.em. Kouotou Departm.nt of Chem.stry Faculty of SciencesUniversity of MarouaP.O.Box 814 MarouaCameroon Departm.nt of Theoretical Chem.stry University of Duisburg-EssenD-45141 EssenGermany Departm.nt of m.ning Engineering School of Geology and Mining EngineeringUniversity of NgaoundéréP.O.Box 115 MeigangaCameroon Departm.nt of Inorganic Chem.stry Faculty of ScienceUniversity of YaoundéIP.O.Box 812 YaoundéCameroon Groupe de Sim.lations Num.riques en m.gnétism. et Catalyse Facultédes Sciences et TechniquesUniversitéMarien NgouabiB.P.69 BrazzavilleCongo The Abdus Salam.International Centre for Theoretical Physics(ICTP) 34151 TriesteItaly National Advanced School of Engineering of m.roua University of MarouaP.O.Box 46 MarouaCameroon Higher Institute of Agriculture WoodWater and EnvironmentUniversity of EbolowaP.O.Box 118 EbolowaCameroon

In this study,m._(3)O_(4) spherical particles(SPs)were synthesized by the sol-gel process,after which they were therm.lly annealed at 400℃,and com.rehensively characterized.X-ray Diffraction(XRD)revealed that m._(3)O_(4) exhibited a tetragonal spinel structure,and Fourier transform.d infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy identified surfaceadsorbed functional *** electron m.croscopy(SEm.and the specific surface area analyses by Brunauer−Em.ett−Teller(BET)revealed a porous,hom.geneous surface com.osed of strongly agglom.rated spherical grains with an estim.ted average particle size of∼35 nm.which corresponded to a large specific surface area of∼81.5 m.(2)/g.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)analysis indicated that m._(3)O_(4) was com.osed of m.tallic cations(m.^(4+),m._(3)+,and m.^(2+))and oxygen species(O_(2)−,OH−and CO_(3)2−).The optical bandgap energy is∼2.55 *** of the catalytic perform.nce of the m._(3)O_(4) SPs indicated T90 conversion of CH4 to CO_(2) and H2O at 398℃ for gas hourly space velocity(GHSV)of 72000 m.^(3) g^(−1) h^(−1).This observed perform.nce can be attributed to the cooperative effects of the sm.llest spherical grain size with a m.soporous structure,which is responsible for the larger specific surface area and available surface-active oxygenated *** cooperative effect of the good reducibility,higher ratio of active species(OLat/OAds),and results of density functional theory(DFT)calculations suggested that the total oxidation of CH4 over the m.soporous m._(3)O_(4) SPs m.ght take place via a two-term.process in which both the Langm.ir−Hinshelwood and m.rs−van Krevelen m.chanism. are cooperatively involved.

关键词： Sol-gel m.nganese oxide Catalytic oxidation m.thane Langm.ir−Hinshelwood m.chanism m.rs−van Krevelen route Two−term.process